Anglicismos en el español peninsular y mexicano

En esta tesina se estudia el uso de los anglicismos en España y México y se compara la situación lingüística en ambos países. La investigación nos dio muchas conclusiones interesantes que después pueden servir para otros estudios que tratan el tema de los anglicismos. La investigación supone un análisis comparativo de los anglicismos en la variante española de España y de México. El proyecto se basa en tres hipótesis que fueron fundamento para realizar la investigación. Hipótesis principal trata del número de los anglicismos en español, más concretamente en España y México. Segunda hipótesis trata de los anglicismos crudos, que pensamos encontrar más en el español de México que recibe muchas influencias de sus vecinos, los Estados Unidos. Con la tercera hipótesis queríamos comprobar que la Real Academia Española recibe cada día más anglicismos en el diccionario. El fundamento del presente trabajo es el corpus de las páginas de la Real Academia Española, que podemos considerar fiable por ser la institución más fuerte en la expansión del español durante el pasado, y que hoy en día sigue siéndolo, preocupándose por el buen uso del español y sus reglas gramáticas. La presente tesina consiste de muchos ejemplos para mejor entender la situación lingüística actual del español. Tres campos léxicos a los cuales nos dedicamos serán el mundo de los negocios, el deporte y la moda y la ropa.U ovome diplomskome radu proučava se korištenje anglicizama u Španjolskoj i Meksiku te se uspoređuje lingvistička situacija u obje zemlje Istraživanje nam je donijelo različite zanimljive zaključke koji bi kasnije mogli poslužiti za druge studije koje se bave istom temom. Istraživanje se sastoji od komparativne analize anglicizama u varijantama španjolskog jezika u Španjolskoj i Meksiku. Istraživanje se bazira na tri hipoteze koje su bile ključne u provedbi istog. Glavna hipoteza govori o broju anglicizama u španjolskome, točnije u Španjolskoj i Meksiku. Druga hipoteza govori o anglicismos crudos, to jest anglicizmima koji su u svom originalnom obliku ušli ali se ne uklapaju u španjolski jezik. Očekivali smo naći veći broj tih riječi u Meksiku koji prima puno utjecaja od Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. S trećom hipotezom htjeli smo dokazati kako Španjolska Kraljevska Akademija svakim danom sve više prihvaća anglicizme unutar svojih rječnika. Osnova ovog diplomskog rada je korpus koji se sastoji od stranica Španjolske Kraljevske Akademije, koji možemo smatrati pouzdanim jer se radi o instituciji koja je u prošlosti bila najjača u širenju španjolskog, a istu ulogu ima i danas, te se brine za pravilnoj upotrebi španjolskog i njegovih gramatičkih pravila. Ovaj diplomski rad sadržava mnogo primjera kako bi se što lakše shvatila sadašnja lingvisitčka situacija španjolskog jezika. Tri leksička polja koja se istražuju u radu su poslovni svijet, sport, te moda i odjeća

Methods of emergence and causes of fire and explosion in chemical laboratories

Do požara dolazi kada se na tvar, koja može goriti, djeluje toplinom uz prisustvo kisika. Na taj se način temperatura zagrijavane tvari povećava, a kada dostigne temperaturu paljenja dolazi do požara. Da bi nastalo zapaljenje, potrebno je gorivoj tvari uz dovoljnu količinu oksidansa (kisika iz zraka) dovesti potrebnu količinu energije, odnosno izvor energije paljenja. Pri zapaljenju stvara se dovoljna količina toplinske energije za nesmetano trajanje procesa gorenja. Rad u laboratoriju je izložen mnogim izazovima i zato je važno pri radu poštovati unaprijed određene protokole i postupke. Mnoge tvari s kojima se susrećemo pri radu u laboratoriju su toksične, zapaljive odnosno eksplozivne. Potrebno je biti dobro educiran i upoznat sa svim navedenim rizicima. Upravo je zaštita na radu u laboratorijima izuzetno važna jer je kao takva sastavni dio radnih procesa i jedan od temeljni uvjeta produktivnosti rada.A fire occurs when the substance, which can burn, acts with heat in the presence of oxygen. In this way, the temperature of the heated substance increases, and when it reaches the ignition temperature, a fire occurs. To generate inflammation, a sufficient amount of oxidant (oxygen from the air) is required to bring the required amount of energy or energy source to the fuel. When inflating, sufficient amount of heat energy is generated for the uninterrupted duration of the burning process. Work in the laboratory is exposed to many challenges and therefore it is important to respect pre-defined protocols and procedures. Many of the substances we encounter in laboratory work are toxic, flammable or explosive. One needs to be well-educated and familiar with all the above-mentioned risks. Labor protection in laboratories is extremely important because it is as such an integral part of work processes and one of the fundamental conditions of labor productivity

Distribution, Abundance and Diversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates on the Canadian Continental Shelf and Slope of Southern Davis Strait and Ungava Bay

Stations in a survey of benthic invertebrates on the Canadian continental shelf and slope of southeastern Baffin Island, in Ungava Bay, and on the northern Labrador Shelf, fell into definite groups as a result of an objective analysis of similarity in species composition. The groupings were shown to correspond to major water masses in the area. Groups corresponding to cold surface water masses, to the deep Irminger Atlantic water mass, and to mixtures of these with adjacent water masses were observed. The Irminger Atlantic group dominated on the Baffin Island continental shelf. Species diversity, also measured in the study, was high, with large numbers of species present in low abundance.Key words: marine, benthos, invertebrates, distribution, shelf, slope, Davis Strait, Ungava Bay, subarticMots clés: marin, benthos, invertébrés, distribution, plateau, versant, détroit de Davis, baie d'Ungava, subarctiqu

The empirical analysis of financial reports of companies in Croatia: Benford distribution curve as a benchmark for first digits

The financial numbers game is unfortunately alive and doing well. One of the forensic accounting techniques is based on Benford’s Law and is used for the detection of unusual transactions, anomalies or trends. The aim of this paper is to test whether the financial statements of Croatian companies deviate from Benford’s Law distribution. The financial statements of 24 companies that are in the pre-bankruptcy settlement process and 24 companies that are not in the pre-bankruptcy settlement process were analysed using the Benford’s Law test of the first digit distribution for the period from 2015 to 2018. The data used to calculate the first digits of distribution were taken from the Zagreb Stock Exchange. The chi-square test has shown that the observed companies that are not in the process of pre-bankruptcy settlement do not have the first digit distribution which follows the Benford’s Law distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test has shown that the distribution of the first digits from the financial statements of companies listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange fits to Benford’s Law distribution

Kriptovalute - sofisticirani kodovi manipulacije

Predmet ovog rada je prikaz manipulativnih aktivnosti u segmentu informatičke tehnologije. Autori opisuju područja primjene kriptovaluta, te investicijskih aktivnosti povezanih s njima, pri čemu je naglasak stavljen na Bitcoin. Cilj rada je prepoznavanje upozoravajućih znakova (tzv. red flags) o postojanju ekonomskog mjehura i Ponzi sheme. U kontekstu ekonomskog mjehura, analizira se trend kretanja vrijednosti Bitcoina i pojedinih ekonomskih mjehura, kao što je bio dot-com bubble, s ciljem identifikacije potencijalnog financijskog rizika. Drugi dio rada usmjeren je na povezivanje Bitcoina s Ponzi shemom. Prikazane su prijevare u kojima je korišten Bitcoin, a posebno je dan osvrt na prijevare osmišljene poput Ponzi sheme, te se pokazalo da Ponzi shema može biti uspješno primijenjena i u okviru kompleksne informacijske tehnologije poput blockchaina

Challenging convention: the winter ecology of brown trout (Salmo trutta ) in a productive and stable environment

1. Understanding of the winter ecology of stream salmonids is biased by research conducted in northern temperate and boreal regions dominated by hard rock geology. Such systems are driven by highly dynamic surface-flow regimes and tend to be physically diverse, nutrient poor and influenced by ice. This study investigated how the behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta, inhabiting a stable groundwater-fed, productive and comparatively warm southern English chalk stream differs from that described for other systems, and how this is translated to performance, measured as growth. 2. Physical characteristics were mapped, and high-resolution temperature data collected using a spatial array of data loggers installed throughout the study reach during the winter. A combination of passive integrated transponder and radio telemetry was used to monitor distribution, density, and movement of trout. Micro-archival data storage tags inserted in some individuals provided information on temperature regimes experienced. Growth performance was calculated for recaptured fish. 3. Trout density was positively related to depth and there was no evidence that temperature influenced microhabitat selection. Three patterns of movement were observed. Over three-quarters of tracked fish exhibited high site fidelity and tended to remain in a single focal position throughout the study. Fourteen per cent of trout exploited more than one distinct location, while the remainder were detected at multiple locations and showed no preference for any one. 4. Trout exhibited regular daily activity patterns and highly periodic local movements at dusk and dawn and tended to experience positive growth performance during periods that included winter. 5. This study challenges the conventional view of salmonid winter ecology, which is biased towards populations that inhabit hard rock surface-flow dominated rivers that experience the influence of ice. Despite inhabiting a distinctly different winter habitat template than more commonly studied populations, trout occupying a hydrologically stable and productive chalk stream exhibited behaviours similar to those described for elsewhere, yet performed considerably better

Comparing the behavioural thermoregulation response to heat stress by Atlantic salmon parr ( Salmo salar ) in two rivers

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme thermal events in rivers. The Little Southwest Miramichi River (LSWM) and the Ouelle River (OR) are two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers located in eastern Canada, where in recent years, water temperatures have exceeded known thermal limits (~23°C). Once temperature surpasses this threshold, juvenile salmon exploit thermal heterogeneity to behaviourally thermoregulate, forming aggregations in coolwater refuges. This study aimed to determine whether the behavioural thermoregulation response is universal across rivers, arising from common thermal cues. We detailed the temperature and discharge patterns of two geographically distinct rivers from 2010 to 2012 and compared these with aggregation onset temperature. PIT telemetry and snorkelling were used to confirm the presence of aggregations. Mean daily maximum temperature in 2010 was significantly greater in the OR versus the LSWM (p = 0.005), but not in other years (p = 0.090–0.353). Aggregations occurred on 14 and 9 occasions in the OR and LSWM respectively. Temperature at onset of aggregation was significantly greater in the OR (Tonset = 28.3°C) than in the LSWM (Tonset = 27.3°C; p = 0.049). Logistic regression models varied by river and were able to predict the probability of aggregation based on the preceding number of hours >23°C (R2 = 0.61 & 0.65; P50 = 27.4°C & 28.9°C; in the OR and LSWM respectively). These results imply the preceding local thermal regime may influence behaviour and indicate a degree of phenotypic plasticity, illustrating a need for localised management strategies