La delegación en la contratación estatal en Colombia

La aproximación que se efectúa en el presente estudio, inicia con un acercamiento al concepto general de la delegación administrativa, utilizada por el estado como un mecanismo para lograr la eficiencia de la administración en el cumplimiento de los cometidos estatales, y posteriormente, de acuerdo a un sistema deductivo, se describen y se desarrollan los objetivos y lineamientos específicos sobre los cuales descansa esta institución. Para finalizar, se cita y analiza jurisprudencia y doctrina, que tratan el procedimiento y las consecuencias de la responsabilidad que se deriva de la Delegación administrativa, centrando todo el estudio de este artículo, en la aplicación de la misma, en la Contratación Estatal en Colombia.Pregrad

GÊNESE SÓCIO-HISTÓRICA DA EXPRESSÃO CORPORAL NA ESPANHA

This article explains and organizes the process of institutionalization of Bodily Expression in Spain considering the absence and fragmentation of research on historical aspects that impacted on the main political and educational situations and the authors that shaped it. To that end, scientific and legal documents were examined in order to elaborate on the object of study. Secondly, the study used informal interviews conducted during non-participant ethnographic observation and 16 semi-structured interviews. It found that Bodily Expression in Spain has been influenced by the country’s historical context and educational system. Furthermore, it identified a Bodily Expression of the North-East and a Body Expression of the Centre and South-West. its authors were classified into two generations that contributed to the process of creation, institutionalization and consolidation of the discipline. Este artículo tiene como objetivo clarificar y ordenar el proceso de institucionalización de la Expresión Corporal en España ante la escasez y fragmentación de investigaciones sobre los aspectos históricos que incidieron en las principales situaciones político-educativas y autores que la han configurado. Para ello, en primer lugar se ha realizado un análisis de documentos científicos y legales para profundizar en nuestro objeto de estudio. En segundo lugar, se han utilizado las entrevistas informales realizadas durante una observación etnográfica no participante y 16 entrevistas semiestructuradas. Como conclusión, la Expresión Corporal en España se encuentra condicionada por la situación histórica y por su sistema educativo. Además, se identifican geográficamente la Expresión Corporal del Noreste y la Expresión Corporal del Centro-Suroeste. A su vez, los autores han sido clasificados en dos generaciones que contribuyeron al proceso de creación, institucionalización y consolidación de la disciplina. Este artigo tem como objetivo esclarecer o processo de institucionalização da Expressão Corporal na Espanha perante a escassez e a fragmentação das investigações sobre aspectos históricos que incidam sobre as principais situações políticas educativas e autores que a configuraram. Para isso, em primeiro lugar realizou-se uma análise de documentos científicos e jurídicos que permitem aprofundar o nosso tema de estudo. Em segundo lugar, recorreu-se às entrevistas informais realizadas durante uma observação etnográfica não participante e 16 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como conclusão, a Expressão Corporal na Espanha encontra- se condicionada pela situação histórica e pelo seu sistema educativo. Além disso, identificam-se geograficamente a Corporação do Noroeste e a Corporação do Centro-Sudoeste. Por seu turno, os autores foram classificados em duas gerações que contribuíram para o processo de criação, institucionalização e consolidação da disciplina.

Student's perceptions of the command and convergent discovery teaching styles in learning flamenco dance

Dance, both in its artistic and educational nature, has great potential in the development of physical, cognitive, creative and expressive capacities of individuals, and in the transmission of values and attitudes. At present, dance is used as a source of education in schools. However, teachers tend to use Teaching Styles that are unsuited to the requirements of educational programs. This study investigates the use of the Command Teaching Style compared to the Problem Solving Teaching Style in flamenco dance classes at a secondary level. A total of 26 students participated in this study, based on a Communication Channels questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Analysis of the Wilcoxon test revealed that the group that received classes in the PS style had better scores in the cognitive (Mdn=4.54, p=.03), physical (Mdn=4.62, p=.01) and emotional (Mdn=4.41, p=.05) factors, but not in the social factor (Mdn=4.71). The qualitative analysis of the interviews demonstrated that although students felt adept in both styles, they perceive less coordination and physic tiredness with the Problem Solving style, and greater possibilities of creation, interaction with peers and enjoyment.La danza tanto en su naturaleza artística como educativa posee un gran potencial para el desarrollo de las capacidades físicas, cognitivas, creativas y expresivas del ser humano, así como para la transmisión de valores y actitudes. En la actualidad la danza se utiliza como una fuente de educación en las escuelas. No obstante, el profesorado tiende a utilizar Estilos de Enseñanza que no se ajustan a los requerimientos de los programas educativos. En este estudio se investiga el uso del Estilo de Enseñanza Comando frente al de Resolución de Problemas (RP) en clases de danza flamenca en ESO. Participaron en el estudio un total de 26 estudiantes, utilizándose un cuestionario de Canales de Comunicación y entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis de la prueba de Wilcoxon reflejó que el grupo que recibió la intervención con el RP presentó mayores puntuaciones en factor cognitivo (Mdn=4.54, p=.03), físico (Mdn=4.62, p=.01) y emocional (Mdn=4.41, p=.05) excepto en el factor social (Mdn=4.71). El análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas mostró que aunque los/as estudiantes se sienten hábiles en ambos estilos perciben una menor coordinación y cansancio físico con la RP, así como mayores posibilidades de creación, interacción con compañeros/as y diversión

Factores nutricionales asociados al padecimiento de hipertensión arterial en adultos que consultan en la UCSF Doctor Alberto Aguilar Rivas; Santa Tecla, La Libertad Mayo-Julio de 2017

En la actualidad vivimos en un entorno que cambia rápidamente. Sobre la salud humana influyen en todo el mundo factores poderosos, como el envejecimiento de la población, urbanización acelerada y la generalización de modos de vida poco saludables. Cada vez más, los países ricos y pobres se enfrentan a los mismos problemas de salud. Hoy en día las enfermedades no transmisibles, como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, han superado a las enfermedades infecciosas como principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial. Uno de los factores de riesgo clave de las enfermedades cardiovasculares es la Hipertensión Arterial (presión arterial elevada). La Hipertensión Arterial (HTA), es una enfermedad crónica degenerativa que en los últimos años ha afectado a un considerable porcentaje de la población mundial y local. Los factores asociados al riego de padecer Hipertensión Arterial son múltiples por lo cual hay un interés en esclarecer la relación de estos con esta enfermedad. Diversas instituciones de gran calibre internacional como la Organización Mundial de la salud (OMS), la Asamblea general de las Naciones Unidad, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) han despertado un particular interés en la comunidad mundial para que se reconozcan en cada país o región, los factores que se encuentran asociados a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), como lo es la hipertensión arterial, para que la población indague, conozca y se informe acerca de los diversos factores vinculados a ECNT, las repercusiones devastadoras de estas, y que finalmente puedan adoptar medidas o estrategias encaminadas a reducirlas de formar individual o colectiva

Estudio de Factibilidad Implementación de Empresa de Aprovechamiento de Plástico Tipo PET

Las iniciativas empresariales que parten de una premisa de mejorar condiciones medioambientales o reversar impactos generados por las actividades humanas, han generado gran interés entre diferentes miembros de la comunidad y empresarios durante la última década quienes también evidencian un potencial económico a desarrollar. Con el objetivo de validar si una iniciativa de esta índole es rentable y genera un impacto real en el reaprovechamiento de los desechos, se formuló la creación de una empresa con el propósito de reutilizar material plástico tipo PET en la ciudad de Bogotá. Este documento presenta los estudios técnicos, de mercado, financieros, ambientales y sociales que exponen los retos que tiene una iniciativa de esta índole en el país.Business initiatives that start from the premise of improving environmental conditions or reversing impacts caused by human activities have generated great interest among different members of the community and businesspeople during the last decade, who also see an economic potential to be developed too. To validate if an initiative of this nature is profitable and generates a real impact in the reuse of waste, the creation of a company to reuse PET-type plastic material in the city of Bogotá was formulated. This document presents the technical, market, financial and social studies that expose the challenges of a project of this nature in the country

What Emotions do Pre-university Students Feel when Engaged in Computational Thinking Activities?

Emotions affect how we acquire knowledge, being one of the causes of the demotivation generated at the time of studying a new field. Computer Science does not always pique the interest of young people, so we carry out an analysis of emotions that are present in primary and secondary school students, around 8-9 years old and 12-13 years old, who engage in Computational Thinking activities, considering the educational level, gender, and type of intervention, to understand why this lack of interest. The sessions were based on 1 hour of face-to-face class in which activities related to Computational Thinking were carried out. The instrument used to measure emotions was the Developmental Channels Questionnaire which includes 13 different emotions that students must answer using the Likert scale from 0 to 10. The emotions felt have been mostly positive and ambiguous, while negative emotions have a low intensity, particularly in primary education. Regarding the educational level, there are differences between girls and boys only in the secondary education, while in the primary they are no significant. Also, girls show an evolution when carrying out this type of activity, while boys do not change

Plan Estratégico de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial para el Fortalecimiento de las prácticas Comerciales, Satisfacción de Grupos de Interés y Promoción del Desarrollo Sostenible en ACOMPROAGROS en San Rafael Antioquia

En el mundo moderno, la integración efectiva de la responsabilidad social (RSE) en la gestión de las organizaciones es esencial. La RSE incita a las empresas a asumir un compromiso ético y voluntario para contribuir al desarrollo sostenible, considerando las consecuencias sociales y medioambientales de sus operaciones. En esta situación, la regulación internacional ISO 26000 funciona como una guía y ofrece directrices para adoptar conductas responsables y éticas en el desarrollo de prácticas empresariales. Así, el siguiente trabajo investiga la interacción entre gestión organizacional y RSE en el contexto de ACOMPROAGROS, del municipio de San Rafael Antioquia, Colombia. Su función es efectivamente de producción y comercialización, con el fin de convertir y vender los bienes y servicios agropecuarios y turísticos de sus asociados comercializados a nivel local, regional, departamental, nacional e internacional, con precios justos para los productores. De este modo, se analiza cómo esta empresa aplica los principios de la RSE en su gestión, optimizando sus procesos de fabricación y reduciendo posibles efectos ambientales, sociales y económicos, garantizando condiciones laborales justas, contribuyendo a la comunidad local y alineándose con los lineamientos de la norma internacional. Se evidencia cómo el concepto de RSE se convierte en un pilar clave de su estrategia empresarial, integrándose en sus procesos y decisiones para alcanzar un equilibrio sostenible entre rentabilidad, ética y responsabilidad social; lo anterior, se realizó mediante un análisis general teniendo en cuenta la norma ISO 26000 aplicando una encuesta a 13 colaboradores y obteniendo respuestas sobre la perspectiva de los siguientes aspectos: gobernanza, derechos humanos, prácticas laborales, medio ambiente, prácticas justas de operación, asuntos de consumidores y participación activa y desarrollo de la comunidad; Por último, se muestra un plan de acción enfocado a mejorar los elementos vulnerables encontrados a partir del análisis. El enfoque de ACOMPROAGROS hacia la RSE no se limita a una respuesta reactiva a las expectativas del mercado, sino que se convierte en un pilar esencial de su estrategia empresarial. La empresa no solo busca la rentabilidad económica, sino que también se compromete con un equilibrio sostenible entre ética, responsabilidad social y éxito empresarial. Este análisis exhaustivo se completa con un plan de acción detallado, proporcionando una guía clara para mejorar áreas identificadas como vulnerables. ACOMPROAGROS no solo se sitúa como una empresa socialmente responsable, sino que también se presenta como un ejemplo de cómo la RSE puede ser un motor para la innovación, la sostenibilidad y el crecimiento a largo plazo en el entorno empresarial actual.The effective integration of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in organizational management is essential today. CSR implies an ethical and voluntary commitment by companies to contribute to sustainable development, considering the social and environmental impact of their activities. In this context, the international standard ISO 26000 serves as a guide or provides guidelines to adopt ethical and responsible conduct in the implementation of business practices. This is how the following work explores the intersection between CSR and organizational management in the context of ACOMPROAGROS in the Municipality of San Rafael Antioquia, Colombia, whose work is production and marketing with the objective of transforming and marketing goods. and agricultural and tourist services of its associates, to local, regional, departmental, national and international users, under the criterion of using fair prices for producers. In this way, it is analyzed how this company applies the principles of CSR in its management, optimizing its manufacturing processes and reducing possible environmental, social and economic effects, guaranteeing fair working conditions, contributing to the local community and aligning with the guidelines of the international standard. I know how the concept of CSR becomes a key pillar of your business strategy, integrating into your processes and decisions to achieve a sustainable balance between profitability, ethics and social responsibility; The above was carried out through a general analysis taking into account the ISO 26000 standard, applying a survey to 13 collaborators and obtaining responses on the perspective of the following aspects: governance, human rights, labor practices, environment, fair operating practices, issues of consumers and active participation and community development; Finally, an action plan is shown focused on improving the vulnerable elements found from the analysis. ACOMPROAGROS' approach to CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) goes beyond a reactive response to market expectations; it becomes an essential pillar of its business strategy. The company not only seeks economic profitability but is also committed to a sustainable balance between ethics, social responsibility, and business success. This comprehensive analysis is complemented by a detailed action plan, providing clear guidance for improving areas identified as vulnerable. ACOMPROAGROS not only positions itself as a socially responsible company but also serves as an example of how CSR can be a driving force for innovation, sustainability, and long-term growth in the current business environment

Promoción del Pensamiento Computacional en estudiantes pre-universitarios: ¿cómo se emocionan?

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de las emociones que se producen en estudiantes pre-universitarios al realizar actividades de Pensamiento Computacional. Se comparan dos estrategias en las que se intercalan las metodologías guiadas y por descubrimiento. Se concluye que se producen principalmente emociones positivas y ambiguas, mientras que las negativas tienen una intensidad relativamente baja. También se observa, en relación con las modalidades, que en secundaria las chicas parecen mostrar una menor intensidad en las emociones positivas y ambiguas y un ligero aumento en las negativas. En cuanto a las dos estrategias utilizadas no se observan diferencias significativas en ningún momento sobre la media.This paper presents a study of the emotions that are produced in pre-university students when performing Computational Thinking activities. Two strategies are compared in which the guided and discovery methodologies are interspersed. It is concluded that positive and ambiguous emotions are mainly produced, while negative ones have relatively low intensity. It is also observed in relation to the modalities, that in secondary, girls seem to show less intensity in positive and ambiguous emotions and a slight increase in negative ones. Regarding the two strategies used, no significant differences were observed at any time above the mean.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por “Piens@ Computacion@LLmente (A17120413). Programa educativo para el fomento del pensamiento computacional a través de la realización de actividades que permitan su desarrollo y su inclusión en el currículo”. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife. Fundación General de la Universidad de La Laguna

Financial Stability Report - September 2015

From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governo