Współczujący stan umysłu. W jaki sposób prawnicy zajmujący się sprawami związanymi ze szkodą na osobie w stanie Michigan ewaluują cele niepieniężne klientów?

The article is a result of a qualitative empirical study designed to reveal whether personal injury lawyers in the State of Michigan implement compassionate counseling practices. The study contributes to a well-established body of research pertinent to the development of soft skills in legal practice, whilst also attempting to proliferate and highlight the benefits of out-of-court settlements. The research was designed to study the nature of compassionate counseling practices and its effect on mediated settlements. Consequently, the research analyzed how lawyers evaluate intangible and non-monetary interests of clients and whether those play a role on the dispute resolution continuum. The paper also elaborates on what lawyers do and do not do well in assessing intangible interests of clients. The study posits that if lawyers attend to those intangible interests, it is a form of compassionate practice. Therefore, the study has both theoretical and practical implications for lawyers and mediators. Last, the study suggests that alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, such as mediation, attribute to a speedier resolution of personal injury disputes.Artykuł jest wynikiem jakościowego badania empirycznego mającego na celu analizę, czy prawnicy zajmujący się sporami związanymi ze szkodą na osobie w stanie Michigan wdrażają praktyki poradnictwa prawnego opartego na współczuciu. Opracowanie stanowi wkład w dobrze ugruntowane badania dotyczące rozwoju umiejętności miękkich w praktyce prawniczej, a jednocześnie jest próbą rozpowszechnienia i podkreślenia korzyści płynących z pozasądowych metod rozwiązywania sporów. Celem było zbadanie charakteru tzw. współczujących praktyk i ich wpływu na ugody zawierane w drodze mediacji. W związku z tym przeanalizowano, w jaki sposób prawnicy oceniają niematerialne i niepieniężne interesy klientów oraz czy odgrywają one rolę na kontinuum rozwiązywania sporów. Ponadto omówiono zalety i wady praktyki prawniczej związanej z oceną niematerialnych interesów klientów. W badaniu założono, że prawnicy zwracający uwagę na niematerialne interesy klientów stosują formę współczującej praktyki. Dlatego opracowanie zawiera zarówno teoretyczne, jak i praktyczne implikacje dla prawników i mediatorów. Wreszcie wyniki badania sugerują, że alternatywne mechanizmy rozwiązywania sporów, takie jak mediacja, przyczyniają się do szybszego rozwiązywania sporów dotyczących szkód na osobie

Szkoła wspierająca twórczość jako wyzwanie i zadanie współczesności

The article outlines in a synthetic way the idea of the creative school. Its understanding is presented in the context of some of the pedagogical concepts from the 1930s as well as contemporary approaches in Polish and world pedagogy. The features of a school supporting the creativity of students and teachers are highlighted. The concept of building a culture of creativity in school is presented, included in a discussion of the philosophy of change and development of the school as a learn-ing organization. The dialogical nature of activities undertaken in the educational environment by ethically engaged partici-pants of educational processes is emphasized as well as the role of the teacher as an authorized creator of the culture of creativ-ity, who reflects on his/her professional activity, perceives the school as a place for students’ development and realization of their own potential, and appreciates the thinking and creative actions of students and colleagues. The article also indicates the specific features of a culture conducive to creativity in school, enabling the learning of creativity and creative learning, as well as shaping creative life orientations of students and teachers.W artykule zarysowano w sposób syntetyczny ideę szkoły twórczej. Przedstawiono jej rozumienie w koncepcjach pedagogicznych z lat 30. XX wieku, a także współczesne jej ujęcia w pedagogice polskiej i światowej. Wyeksponowano cechy szkoły wspierającej kreatywność uczniów i nauczycieli. Zaprezentowano koncepcję budowania kultury twórczości w szkole, którą wpisano w filozofię zmiany i rozwoju szkoły jako organizacji uczącej się. Zaakcentowano dialogiczny charakter działań podejmowanych w środowisku edukacyjnym przez etycznie zaangażowanych uczestników procesów edukacyjnych. Podkreś-lono rolę nauczyciela jako upełnomocnionego kreatora kultury twórczości, który podejmuje refleksję nad swoją aktywnością zawodową, postrzega szkołę jako miejsce rozwoju uczniów i realizacji własnego potencjału, ceni myślenie i działania twórcze uczniów i współpracowników. Wskazano na specyficzne cechy kultury sprzyjającej twórczości w szkole, umożliwiającej uczenie się twórczości i twórcze uczenie się oraz kształtowanie twórczych orientacji życiowych uczniów i nauczycieli

Creative life orientations of students. Comparative study

In the following article the author presents the main assumptions of the concept of creative life orientations. This category is described as a specific, personal and committed way of fulfilling everyday duties in life. The characteristics of people who prefer creative life orientations were defined. The philosophical, psychological and pedagogical theoretical sources of the concept and the previous studies on creative life orientations among high school students, students and teachers were presented. The methodological assumptions of recent research, carried out in a sample of Polish and Belorussian academic youth, were described. The results of these studies are presented in the scope of sociodemographic specifics of both groups, the diagnosis of the preferences of creative life orientations and dependencies between the analyzed variables. It was found that preferences for creative life orientations prevail among the surveyed students, but at a fairly low level of acceptance of the theorems Scale CLO. Significant statistical differences between the national groups in terms of the age of the respondents, the study year and the environment of origin were observed. The existence of a correlation between mothers’ education and preferences of creative life orientations of Polish students was confirmed.W artykule przedstawiono główne założenia koncepcji twórczych orientacji życiowych. Opisano tę kategorię jako specyficzny, osobisty i zaangażowany sposób pełnienia codziennych obowiązków w życiu. Scharakteryzowano cechy osób preferujących twórcze orientacje życiowe. Zaprezentowano filozoficzne, psychologiczne i pedagogiczne źródła teoretyczne koncepcji oraz dotychczasowe badania twórczych orientacji życiowych wśród uczniów szkół średnich, studentów i nauczycieli. Opisano założenia metodologiczne ostatnich badań, zrealizowanych w próbie polskiej i białoruskiej młodzieży akademickiej. Przedstawiono wyniki tych badań w zakresie specyfiki socjodemograficznej obu grup, diagnozy preferencji twórczych orientacji życiowych i zależności między analizowanymi zmiennymi. Stwierdzono, że wśród badanych studentów dominują preferencje dla twórczych orientacji życiowych, ale na dość niskim poziomie akceptacji twierdzeń Skali TOŻ. Zaobserwowano istotne różnice statystyczne między grupami narodowymi pod względem wieku badanych, rocznika studiów i środowiska pochodzenia. Potwierdzono istnienie korelacji między wykształceniem matek i preferencjami twórczych orientacji życiowych polskich studentów

Współczesne wyzwania rozwoju gospodarczego. Polityka i kreacja potencjału, konferencja naukowa, Katedra Ekonomii Politycznej, Wydział Ekonomii i Zarządzania Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, Białystok – Augustów, 22-24 maja 2014 r.

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Mail-Order Brides and Marriage Migration: A Comparative Study of the Problems in the U.S., Great Britain and Ireland

Mail-order brides are not a new concept to society, and unfortunately, it is still an issue that persists today. The trafficking of women illegally through the mail-order bride system is a well-known and documented phenomenon across the world. This paper will look specifically at the mail-order bride phenomena in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Ireland, as well as the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act of 2005 and the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act of 2000. By analyzing these nations’ mail-order bride laws and systems, as well as the international laws governing mail-order brides, it is clear that although measures have been taken to protect trafficked women, more could be and should be done to protect women from falling into the hands of the abusive and dangerous mail-order bride ecosystem. By reforming laws, strengthening punishments, and placing more accountability on nations to actively prevent women from being mistreated as mail-order brides, we may one day be able to live in a world in which mail-order brides do not exist. The author presents the historical development of the mail-order bride phenomena and its current implications on women and family life. Moreover, the paper analyzes the problem in a broader, comparative perspective which gives a greater understanding of the occurrence within the realm of common law [email protected] w BiałymstokuThe Constitution of the United States, U.S. Const. amend. XIII, § 1.The International Marriage Broker Regulation Act of 2005, 8 U.S.C.A. § 1375a.Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act of 2000.Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act, 2007.22 No. 16 Andrews Computer & Internet Litig. Rep. 7.Abrams K., Immigration Law and the Regulation of Marriage, 91 MINN. L. REV. 1625, 1650-51, (2007).Blair D. M., Weiner M. H., Stark B., Macdonaldo S., Family Law in the World Community; Cases, Materials and Problems in Comparative and International Family Law 144 (2d ed. 2009).Bowes C. M., Esq, “Male” Order Brides and International Marriage Brokers: The Costly Industry that Facilitates Sex Trafficking, Prostitution, and Involuntary Servitude, 18 CARDOZO J.L. & GENDER 1 (2011).Elson A. L., The Mail-Order Bride Industry and Immigration: Combatting Immigrations Fraud, 5 IND. J. GLOBAL LEGAL STUD. 367 (1997).Eskind Moses M., Russ M. B., Forced Marriage, 50-SEP Tenn. B.J. 32, 35 (2014).Grolsh O., Foreign Wives, Domestic Violence: U.S Law Stigmatizes And Fails to Protect “Mail-Order Brides,” 22 Hastings Women’s L.J. 81 (2011).Jackson S. H., Marriage of Convenience: International Marriage Brokers, “Mail-Order Brides,” and Domestic Servitude, 38 U. TOL. L. REV. 920 (2006).Jackson S. H., To Honor and Obey: Trafficking in “Mail-Order Brides,” 70 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 475 (2002).Joshi A., The Face of Human Trafficking, 13 Hastings Women’s L.J. 31, 39 (2002).Laquer A., Stark B., Global Issues In Family Law 34, (1St Ed. 2007).Lee I. C., Lewis M., Human Trafficking From a Legal Advocate’s Perspective: History, Legal Framework and Current Anti-Trafficking Efforts, 10 U. C Davis J. Int’l L. & Pol’y 170, 179 (2003).Lloyd K. A., Wives for Sale: The Modern International Mail-Order Industry, 20 NW. J. INT’L L. &BUS. 341 (2000).Meng E., Mail-Order Brides” Gilded Prostitution And The Legal Response, 28 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 197 (1994).Mobydeen L., Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Mail-Ordered? The Mail-Order Bride Industry And Immigration Law, 49 WAYNE L. REV. 939, 942 (2004).Robinson B., The Disruption of Marital E-Harmony: Distinguishing Mail-Order Brides From Online Dating in Evaluating, “Good Faith Marriage”, 13 PUB. INT. L. REP. 252 (2008).Sims R., A Comparison Of Laws In The Philippines, the U.S.A, Taiwan, and Belarus to Regulate the Mail-Order Bride Industry, 42 AKRON L. REV. 607, 609 (2009).Stepnitz A., The Mail-Order Bride Industry As A Form of Trafficking For Sexual and Labour Exploitation, Violence In The EU Examined – Policies On Violence Against Women, Children and Youth in 2004 EU Accession Countries, p.155.Symington A., Dual Citizenship and Forced Marriages, 10 Dalhousie J. Legal Stud. 1, 35 (2001).Wei-Zhen Chong A., Migrant Brides In Singapore: Women Strategizing Within Family, Market and State, 37 Harv. J.L & Gender 331, 332 (2014).Zug M., Lonely Colonist Seeks Wife: The Forgotten History of America’s First Mail Order Brides, 20 Duke J. Gender L. & Pol’y 85 (2012).Clark G., An Introduction to the “Penpal Bride” or so-called “Mail Order Bride” Movement, available online at: www.upbeat.com/wtwpubs/intro.htm.Garda Operation Vantage targeting sham marriages &illegal immigration, available at http://www.inis.gov.ie/en/INIS/Pages/Garda%20Operation%20Vantage%20targeting%20sham%20marriages%20and%20illegal%20immigration.Gulicova-Grethe M., Lorenz D., Marriage Migration into the New Country if Immigration – Ireland. Country Study, Project: Protection and Aid Measures for Female Marriage Migrants from Third Countries in the EU Member States, available at ec.europa.eu/justice/grants/results/.../download?token=hToFQQy.Home Office, the Rt Hon Norman Baker and The Rt Hon Theresa May MP, Forced Marriage Now a Crime, GOVERNMENT UK (Apr. 20, 2016), https://www.gov.uk/government/news/forced-marriage-now-a-crime.Immigrant Council of Ireland, “Marriage Migration into Ireland”, 2003.Information on the Legal Rights Available to Immigrant Victims of Domestic Violence in the United States and Facts about Immigrating on a Marriage- Based Visa, U.S. CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES (April 3, 2016), https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Humanitarian/Battered%20Spouse,%20Children%20%26%20Parents/IMBRA%20Pamphlet%20Final%2001-07-2011%20for%20Web%20Posting.pdf.M. Gulicova-Grethe, D. Lorenz, Marriage Migration into the New Country if Immigration – Ireland. Country Study, Project: Protection and Aid Measures for Female Marriage Migrants from Third Countries in the EU Member States, available at ec.europa.eu/justice/grants/results/.../download?token=hToFQQy_Male-Ordered: The Mail-Order Bride Industry and Trafficking In Women For Sexual and Labour Exploitation, POPPY PROJECT 3 (February 2009), http://lastradainternational.org/lsidocs/Male-ordered.pdf.Schengen Area and Cooperation, Belg.-Fr.-F.R.G.-Lux.-Neth, Jun. 14, 1985, available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV%3Al33020Scholes R. J., The “Mail-Order Bride” Industry and Its Impact on U.S Immigration, App. A (1999), https://www.christianfilipina.com/research/SCHOLES-MAIL-ORDER-BRIDE-REPORT.PDF.Skalsbergs I., Gulicova-Grethe M., Marriage Migration in the United Kingdom Country Study, Project: Protection And Aid Measures for Female Marriage Migrants from Third Countries in the EU Member States, available at ec.europa.eu/justice/grants/results/.../download?token=x5WhCGAy, p.4.Skalsbergs I., Gulicova-Grethe M., Marriage Migration in the United Kingdom Country Study, Project: Protection And Aid Measures for Female Marriage Migrants from Third Countries in the EU Member States, ec.europa.eu/justice/grants/results/.../download?token=x5WhCGAy, p.11.Storey L., Mail Order Bride Research Guide (Apr. 20, 2016), law1510.pbworks.com/f/Mail+Order+Bride+Pathfinder+5.docx.United Nations (2000) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol). Palermo: United Nations and Council of Europe (2005). Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings. Warsaw: Council of Europe.Welstead M., Forced Marriage: Bifurcated Values in the UK, 21 Denning L.J. 49, 51 (2009), available at http://ubplj.org/index.php/dlj/article/view/341/371.351-37

School in the Cultural Discourse of Real Virtuality

Objectives of the research: The purpose of the theoretical research is to understand the importance of school in the culture of real virtuality and to point out the challenges that this phenomenon poses to pedagogy, especially school pedagogy. The research question is as follows: Does understanding the nature of the relationship between contemporary media and the partners of school dialogue help us better understand the changing educational reality which relies heavily on modern technologies and enable more accurate planning of pedagogical interactions? Research methods: The study used the desk research method, which involves compiling, analyzing and processing data from existing sources, and then formulating conclusions based on them regarding the problem under study. A meta-analysis of the concepts and categories comprising the title research problem was performed using interdisciplinary sources and selected international reports. Brief description of the context of the issue: The article presents a discourse analysis of the place of school in the culture of virtual reality (VR). The basic features of this culture are described within the paradigm of informationism, in which modern digital technology enables the integration of all modes of communication. Attention is paid to the interactive nature of hypermedia and its specific logic of flow beyond time and historical context. The role of the recipient of the message in the communication chain is highlighted as the one who ultimately gives it meaning in accordance with their own perception and experience of reality. The dialogical nature of communication in virtual space and polyphony leading to the creation of hypertexts that combine multiple narratives is emphasized. Research findings: The results show the importance of the links between the school’s implementation of basic educational and teaching functions and the tools offered by modern digital technologies. The special role of the teacher in the process of preparing students to discuss media messages and discover their polemical nature is revealed. Conclusions and/or recommendations: The analysis made it possible to formulate the tasks facing contemporary schools in terms of preparing young people to consciously and actively engage in the multimedia system of communication according to its logic, language and methods of encoding meanings. The importance of a dialogical, open and creative attitude of the teacher in the process of forming empowered participants of communication in the culture of real virtuality is emphasized