Os bandidos entre os romanos: leituras eruditas e percepções populares The bandits among romans: the elite's texts and popular perceptions

Discutiremos, neste artigo, dois temas relacionados. Em primeiro lugar, procuraremos explorar como a elite romana representava os bandidos antigos na literatura satírica, tomando como exemplo passagens das Metamorfoses de Apuleio. Em segundo lugar, procuraremos enfocar a Epigrafia (placas metálicas dedicadas à deusa Sulis Minerva que foram encontradas em Bath, Inglaterra) para discutir as imagens do roubo na cultura popular. A evidência epigráfica é fundamental para o estudo das percepções acerca do banditismo e, também, ajuda a proporcionar interpretações mais plurais da cultura e do passado romano.<br>This paper discusses two interrelated topics. The first one explores how the Roman elite represented ancient robbers in satirical literature. In this part I shall comment Apuleius' Metamorphoses. The second one focuses on Epigraphy (metallic tablets dedicated to the godess Sulis Minerva that were found in Bath, England) in order to discuss some images of the thievery at Roman popular culture. Archaeological Epigraphic evidence can provide us different approaches to study the banditry perceptions; it can also help us to propose more pluralist approaches to the Roman culture and past

Mortality after surgery in Europe: a 7 day cohort study

Background: Clinical outcomes after major surgery are poorly described at the national level. Evidence of heterogeneity between hospitals and health-care systems suggests potential to improve care for patients but this potential remains unconfirmed. The European Surgical Outcomes Study was an international study designed to assess outcomes after non-cardiac surgery in Europe.Methods: We did this 7 day cohort study between April 4 and April 11, 2011. We collected data describing consecutive patients aged 16 years and older undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery in 498 hospitals across 28 European nations. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 60 days. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome measures were duration of hospital stay and admission to critical care. We used χ² and Fisher’s exact tests to compare categorical variables and the t test or the Mann-Whitney U test to compare continuous variables. Significance was set at p&lt;0·05. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models to adjust for the differences in mortality rates between countries.Findings: We included 46 539 patients, of whom 1855 (4%) died before hospital discharge. 3599 (8%) patients were admitted to critical care after surgery with a median length of stay of 1·2 days (IQR 0·9–3·6). 1358 (73%) patients who died were not admitted to critical care at any stage after surgery. Crude mortality rates varied widely between countries (from 1·2% [95% CI 0·0–3·0] for Iceland to 21·5% [16·9–26·2] for Latvia). After adjustment for confounding variables, important differences remained between countries when compared with the UK, the country with the largest dataset (OR range from 0·44 [95% CI 0·19 1·05; p=0·06] for Finland to 6·92 [2·37–20·27; p=0·0004] for Poland).Interpretation: The mortality rate for patients undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery was higher than anticipated. Variations in mortality between countries suggest the need for national and international strategies to improve care for this group of patients.Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Society of Anaesthesiology

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano