Predicted genetic gains by various selection methods in Eucalyptus urophylla progenies

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros genéticos e comparar os ganhos preditos por meio de diferentes métodos de seleção em famílias de meios-irmãos de Eucalyptus urophylla. Foi utilizada seleção entre e dentro, seleção combinada e seleção com base em modelos mistos (REML/BLUP) para os caracteres diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total e volume total com casca. Foi utilizado o teste de progênie constituído de 100 famílias de meios-irmãos com 55 meses de idade, em espaçamento de 3x2 m, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. As progênies apresentaram variabilidade genética significativa e elevada magnitude de herdabilidade para os caracteres estudados, o que evidencia alto controle genético e condições favoráveis para seleção. Todos os métodos avaliados foram eficientes para aplicação no melhoramento de eucalipto. No entanto, a seleção combinada e a seleção por modelos mistos (BLUP) proporcionam estimativas de ganhos significativamente maiores às obtidas com a seleção entre e dentro, e maior eficiência na escolha dos melhores indivíduos dentro da população.The objective of this work was to evaluate genetic parameters and to compare predicted gains using different selection methods in half-sib families of Eucalyptus urophylla. Within and between selection, combined selection and selection based on mixed model equations (REML/BLUP) were used for the traits diameter at breast height, total height and total volume with bark. The progeny test used consisted of 100 55-month-old half-sib families distributed in a 3x2-m spacing, in randomized complete block design with five replicates. The progenies showed significant genetic variability and high heritability for the studied traits, which indicates high genetic control and favorable conditions for selection. All the methods tested were efficient in eucalyptus breeding. However, the combined selection and the selection based on mixed models (BLUP) provided gains significantly larger than those obtained with within and between selections, and were more efficient in the selection of the best individuals in the population

Microalga Spirulina sp. cultivada en un fotobiorreactor

El CO₂ presente en el biogás reduce su potencial uso, por tanto, se implementan tratamientos biológicos como alternativa para depurarlo. En este trabajo se experimentó el crecimiento de la microalga Spirulina sp., utilizando productos de un biodigestor anaerobio tipo laguna en el Estado de Tabasco. Se realizó cultivo de microalgas en dos fotobiorreactores tipo columna vertical (FBR's) con volumen de 3L. La configuración consiste en un tubo acrílico con conexiones neumáticas, para suministrar flujos de biogás. Para mantener las condiciones, se controla el pH ideal de la especie, mientras que la densidad celular (células/mL-1) se estimó usando la cámara Neubauer (0.100 mm) y por turbidimetría con longitud de onda (L.O) 550nm. El gas desulfurado obtuvo un mayor rendimiento en la biomasa algal con 286,666 Cel/mL en comparación con el sulfurado 194,500 Cel/mL. Las condiciones que establece la configuración del fotobiorreactor, así como el aporte de biogás (CO₂) como fuente de carbono inorgánico y los nutrientes presentes en BiOL CATRE® favorecen el cultivo de microalgas como alternativa para producir biomasa microalgal.The CO₂ present in the biogas reduces its potential use, while biological treatments are implemented as an alternative to purify it. In this work, the growth of the microalgae Spirulina sp. Was experimented, using products of a biodigester anaerobic type lagoon in the State of Tabasco. Microalgae culture was performed in two vertical column type photobioreactors (FBR's) with a volume of 3L. The configuration consists of an acrylic tube with pneumatic connections, to supply r flows of biogas. To maintain conditions, the ideal pH of the species is controlled, while cell density (cells/mL-1) was estimated using the Neubauer chamber (0.100 mm) and by turbidimetry with wavelength (L.O) 550nm. The desulfurized gas obtained a higher yield in the algal biomass with 286,666 cells/ml compared to the sulfide 194,500 cells/ml. The conditions established by the configuration of the photobioreactor, as well as the contribution of biogas (CO₂) as a source of inorganic carbon and the nutrients present in BiOL CATRE® favor the cultivation of microalgae as an alternative to produce microalgal biomass

Efficiency of the multilocus analysis for the construction of genetic maps

The use of genetic maps is a useful tool in genetic research. The association between map distance andrecombination frequency is expressed by a genetic mapping function. However, several of these functions do not presupposethe joint recombination percentage. In other words, they are not multilocus probabilities. This work aimed to compare,through simulations, the efficiency in the use of different mapping functions with and without multilocus analysis as a tool inthe construction of genetic maps. A genome constituted of three linkage groups (50, 100 and 200 cM) was simulated for acomparative study. Four mapping populations were simulated, F2, with 50, 100, 200 and 400 individuals, with 10 replicaseach. It was verified, after the analyses, that the multilocus analysis was not efficient to rescue the size of the connectiongroups, concluding that the non use of the multilocus analysis would be viable

Search for top squark production in fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for production of the supersymmetric partners of the top quark, top squarks, is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collision events containing multiple jets, no leptons, and large transverse momentum imbalance. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). The targeted signal production scenarios are direct and gluino-mediated top squark production, including scenarios in which the top squark and neutralino masses are nearly degenerate. The search utilizes novel algorithms based on deep neural networks that identify hadronically decaying top quarks and W bosons, which are expected in many of the targeted signal models. No statistically significant excess of events is observed relative to the expectation from the standard model, and limits on the top squark production cross section are obtained in the context of simplified supersymmetric models for various production and decay modes. Exclusion limits as high as 1310 GeVare established at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the top squark for direct top squark production models, and as high as 2260 GeV on the mass of the gluino for gluino-mediated top squark production models. These results represent a significant improvement over the results of previous searches for supersymmetry by CMS in the same final state.Peer reviewe

Search for top squark production in fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} =13 TeV

A search for production of the supersymmetric partners of the top quark, top squarks, is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collision events containing multiple jets, no leptons, and large transverse momentum imbalance. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137  fb$^{-1}$. The targeted signal production scenarios are direct and gluino-mediated top squark production, including scenarios in which the top squark and neutralino masses are nearly degenerate. The search utilizes novel algorithms based on deep neural networks that identify hadronically decaying top quarks and W bosons, which are expected in many of the targeted signal models. No statistically significant excess of events is observed relative to the expectation from the standard model, and limits on the top squark production cross section are obtained in the context of simplified supersymmetric models for various production and decay modes. Exclusion limits as high as 1310 GeV are established at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the top squark for direct top squark production models, and as high as 2260 GeV on the mass of the gluino for gluino-mediated top squark production models. These results represent a significant improvement over the results of previous searches for supersymmetry by CMS in the same final state

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks