Metodología de extracción del colorante azul a partir de la cochinilla (Dactylopius coccus costa), para la elaboración de helados

En el presente trabajo se determinó Ia metodología adecuada para la extracción del colorante azul a partir de la cochinilla (Dactylopius Coccus Costa), para la elaboración de helados con la finalidad de usar productos 4: naturales para evitar daños en la salud por uso de colorantes sintéticos. Usamos el método amoniacal, Ilamado así por el uso de hidróxido de amonio en la extracción del colorante y conseguimos valores de acuerdo al patrón en L.a.b. (L= 71.41 0a3:0;+9,80; b=-5,92).In this study, we determined the appropriate methodology for J extracting the blue dye from cochineal (Coccus Dactylopius Costa), for : making ice cream in order to use natural products to prevent damage to , health by using synthetic dyes. We use Ammonia method, named for the use of ammonia in the extraction of the dye and get appropriate values according to the pattern in Lab (L = 71,41; a = +9, 80; b = -5, 92).Tesi

Water footprint of the water cycle of Gran Canaria and Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)

When it comes to exploiting natural resources, islands have limitations due to the quantity of these resources and the potential for harm to the ecosystem if exploitation is not done in a sustainable manner. This article presents a study of the water footprint of the different drinking water collection facilities and wastewater treatment facilities in the Canary Islands, in order to determine the blue, green, and grey water footprints in each case. The results show high percentages of drinking water losses, which raises the blue water footprint of the Canary Islands archipelago. The grey water footprint was studied in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 ). The green water footprint was not considered because it is a dimension of the water footprint mainly calculated for agricultural crops. Of the facilities studied, the wells for extraction of drinking water from the aquifer and the distribution network have the largest blue water footprint for the years under study (2019 and 2020). Only the wastewater treatment plants have a gray water footprint in this study, with values between 79,000 and 108,000 m3 per year. As a general conclusion, the most important factor in reducing the water footprint of the water cycle in the Canary Islands is optimization of the water resource, improving existing infrastructures to minimize losses, and implementing a greater circular economy that reuses water on a regular basis. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This research was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 101037424, project ARSINOE (climate-resilient regions through systemic solutions and innovations). : The development of this study has been possible thanks to the government of the Canary Islands, through the project “Analysis of the carbon and water footprint of the three main economic activities in the Canary Islands: Tourism, Agriculture and Integrated Water Cycle”, under grant agreement N◦ 20160026

INFOGRAPHIC FOR PREGNANT WOMEN AND CAREGIVERS: EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF OBSTETRIC CARE

Objective: to describe the process of construction and validation of an educational infographic with guidelines for pregnant women and companions in obstetric care in the context of Covid-19.Method: methodological research based on Instructional System Design guidelines and conducted from January 2021 to March 2022, in the State of Santa Catarina - Brazil, in three moments: scoping review, interviews with nurses from an Obstetric Emergency, and elaboration of educational technology and validation with experts. The analysis was anchored in content analysis with Content Validity Index.Results: the infographic addresses care for the prevention of Covid-19 infection, guidance on the onset of labor, when to seek maternity care, and care during hospitalization of pregnant women. The infographic obtained a Content Validity Index of 83.3%.Conclusion: educational technology was considered adequate for disseminating information and assisting professionals in promoting health and preventing injuries to the obstetric population

Recent Applications of Ultrasonic Waves in Improved Oil Recovery : A Review of Techniques and Results

Peer reviewedPostprin

“O Sistema Único de Saúde que dá certo”: ações de humanização no pré-natal

Objetivo: Entender como ocorre a aproximação dos pressupostos de humanização das políticas públicas e dos programas de saúde propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde na práxis da atenção pré-natal de risco habitual.Método: Estudo de campo, descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada de fevereiro a junho de 2014, com observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada, em quatro unidades de saúde da família, tendo a participação de cinco enfermeiros e três médicos. Quanto à análise de dados, optou-se pela Proposta Operativa.Resultados: As categorias reveladas neste estudo que promoveram a humanização da atenção pré-natal foram: a aproximação e a vinculação da gestante e de sua família com as unidades de saúde da família e a educação permanente como facilitadora da humanização no pré-natal.Conclusões: Compreende-se que para a aproximação de uma atenção humanizada é necessário um olhar ampliado frente às singularidades das mulheres.Palavras-chave: Cuidado pré-natal. Humanização da assistência. Atenção primária à saúde. Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio

D-cycloserine augmentation of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data

Importance: Whether and under which conditions D-cycloserine (DCS) augments the effects of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders is unclear. Objective: To clarify whether DCS is superior to placebo in augmenting the effects of cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders and to evaluate whether antidepressants interact with DCS and the effect of potential moderating variables. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 10, 2016. Reference lists of previous reviews and meta-analyses and reports of randomized clinical trials were also checked. Study Selection: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were (1) double-blind randomized clinical trials of DCS as an augmentation strategy for exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy and (2) conducted in humans diagnosed as having specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Raw data were obtained from the authors and quality controlled. Data were ranked to ensure a consistent metric across studies (score range, 0-100). We used a 3-level multilevel model nesting repeated measures of outcomes within participants, who were nested within studies. Results: Individual participant data were obtained for 21 of 22 eligible trials, representing 1047 of 1073 eligible participants. When controlling for antidepressant use, participants receiving DCS showed greater improvement from pretreatment to posttreatment (mean difference, -3.62; 95% CI, -0.81 to -6.43; P = .01; d = -0.25) but not from pretreatment to midtreatment (mean difference, -1.66; 95% CI, -4.92 to 1.60; P = .32; d = -0.14) or from pretreatment to follow-up (mean difference, -2.98, 95% CI, -5.99 to 0.03; P = .05; d = -0.19). Additional analyses showed that participants assigned to DCS were associated with lower symptom severity than those assigned to placebo at posttreatment and at follow-up. Antidepressants did not moderate the effects of DCS. None of the prespecified patient-level or study-level moderators was associated with outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance: D-cycloserine is associated with a small augmentation effect on exposure-based therapy. This effect is not moderated by the concurrent use of antidepressants. Further research is needed to identify patient and/or therapy characteristics associated with DCS response.2018-05-0

Protective Effects of Human iPS-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Transplantation in the Retinal Dystrophic Rat

Transformation of somatic cells with a set of embryonic transcription factors produces cells with the pluripotent properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have the potential to differentiate into any cell type, making them a potential source from which to produce cells as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. In many forms of human retinal disease, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the underlying pathogenesis resides within the support cells of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). As a monolayer of cells critical to photoreceptor function and survival, the RPE is an ideally accessible target for cellular therapy. Here we report the differentiation of human iPS cells into RPE. We found that differentiated iPS-RPE cells were morphologically similar to, and expressed numerous markers of developing and mature RPE cells. iPS-RPE are capable of phagocytosing photoreceptor material, in vitro and in vivo following transplantation into the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) dystrophic rat. Our results demonstrate that iPS cells can be differentiated into functional iPS-RPE and that transplantation of these cells can facilitate the short-term maintenance of photoreceptors through phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. Long-term visual function is maintained in this model of retinal disease even though the xenografted cells are eventually lost, suggesting a secondary protective host cellular response. These findings have identified an alternative source of replacement tissue for use in human retinal cellular therapies, and provide a new in vitro cellular model system in which to study RPE diseases affecting human patients

Mitos e dúvidas de adolescentes acerca das modificaçoes corporais e suas implicaçoes na sexualidade

Aim: to know the myths and doubts of a group of teenage women in relation to body changes and their implications on sexuality. Method: descriptive field study, with a qualitative approach. The participants of the study were nine female teenagers. The data were collected in a public elementary school in a city of Rio Grande do Sul through the focal group technique, and analyzed according to the content analysis. Results: the most common female events in the group were related to menstruation, such as the premenstrual syndrome, menarche and virginity. It was considered that they are gifted with sociocultural meanings constructed in social conviviality of adolescents. Conclusion: the study enabled a better understanding of the influence of culture in the experience of sexuality, demonstrating the importance of seeking, along with teenagers, their understanding, their meanings, myths and doubts.Objetivo: conocer los mitos y dudas de un grupo de mujeres adolescentes sobre los cambios corporales y sus implicaciones en la sexualidad. Método: estudio de campo, de tipo descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo. Las participantes del estudio fueron nueve adolescentes femeninas. Los datos fueron colectados en una escuela primaria pública en un municipio de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), mediante técnica de grupo focal y analizados con análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: los eventos femeninos más comunes en el grupo estaban relacionados con la menstruación, como el síndrome premenstrual, menarquia y virginidad. Se entendió que ellos están dotados de significados socioculturales construidos en la convivencia social de los adolescentes. Conclusión: el estudio permitió una mejor comprensión de la influencia de la cultura en la experiencia de la sexualidad, demostrando la importancia de buscar, junto a las adolescentes, su comprensión, sus significados, mitos y dudas.Objetivo: conhecer os mitos e as dúvidas de um grupo de mulheres adolescentes em relação às modificações corporais e suas implicações na sexualidade. Método: estudo de campo, do tipo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. As participantes do estudo foram nove adolescentes do sexo feminino. Os dados foram coletados em uma escola pública de ensino fundamental de um município do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da técnica do grupo focal e analisados conforme a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: os eventos femininos mais comuns no grupo foram relacionados à menstruação, como a tensão pré-menstrual, a menarca e a virgindade. Entendeu-se que os mesmos são dotados de significados socioculturais construídos no convívio social das adolescentes. Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou um melhor entendimento sobre a influência da cultura na vivência da sexualidade, demonstrando a importância de buscar, junto às adolescentes, sua compreensão, seus significados, mitos e dúvidas

Impact of chlororespiration on non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and on the regulation of the diadinoxanthin cycle in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

In diatoms, metabolic activity during long dark periods leads to a chlororespiratory electron flow, which is accompanied by the build-up of a proton gradient strong enough to activate the diadinoxanthin (Ddx) de-epoxidation reaction of the Ddx cycle. In the present study, the impact of chlororespiration on non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence and the regulation of the Ddx cycle in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was investigated by manipulation of the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain during darkness. The response of a transfer of T. pseudonana cells from growth light conditions to 60 min darkness was found to depend on oxygen: in its presence there was no significant reduction of the PQ pool and no de-epoxidation of Ddx to diatoxanthin (Dtx). Under anaerobic conditions a high reduction state of the electron transport chain and a slow but steady de-epoxidation of Ddx was observed, which resulted in a significant accumulation of Dtx after 60 min of anaerobiosis. Unexpectedly, this high concentration of Dtx did not induce a correspondingly high NPQ as it would have been observed with Dtx formed under high light conditions. However, the sensitivity of NPQ to Dtx in cells kept under dark anaerobic conditions increased during reoxygenation and far-red (FR) light illumination. The results are discussed with respect to the activation of the de-epoxidation reaction and the formation of NPQ and their dependence on the extent of the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane

Single-crosslink microscopy in a biopolymer network dissects local elasticity from molecular fluctuations

Polymer networks are fundamental from cellular biology to plastics technology but their intrinsic inhomogeneity is masked by the usual ensemble-averaged measurements. Here, we construct direct maps of crosslinks-symbolic depiction of spatially-distributed elements highlighting their physical features and the relationships between them-in an actin network. We selectively label crosslinks with fluorescent markers, track their thermal fluctuations, and characterize the local elasticity and cross-correlations between crosslinks. Such maps display massive heterogeneity, reveal abundant anticorrelations, and may contribute to address how local responses scale up to produce macroscopic elasticity. Single-crosslink microscopy offers a general, microscopic framework to better understand crosslinked molecular networks in undeformed or strained states