Políticas de ação afirmativa no Brasil: reflexões históricas / Affirmative action policies in Brazil: historical reflections

O artigo trata sobre o desenvolvimento histórico das políticas de ação afirmativa no Brasil. Dessa forma, primeiramente é feita uma retrospectiva histórica das principais ações afirmativas de modo geral e especificamente para a população negra. Em seguida, na nossa conclusão retomamos alguns dados indicados na primeira parte, e acrescentamos dados novos para articularmos com nossas reflexões sobre a necessidade de o Estado desenvolver políticas de ações afirmativas para a população negra brasileira. O estudo constitui uma investigação pura ou básica, a qual não consiste em dados empíricos. Constituiu-se, apenas por meio de fontes bibliográficas. Assim, utilizamos, principalmente, as seguintes fontes: Barbosa (1999), Guimarães (1999), Nunes (2004), Oliveira (2003), Silva (2002), Skidmore (1999), dentre outras. O estudo concluiu que a população negra é que a detém maior desvantagem no usufruto das benesses da cidadania brasileira

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Assinatura geoquímica de unidades coluviais da Bacia do Córrego do Rio Grande - Depressão de Gouveia/MG

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T02:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_luiz_ot_vio_m_cruz.pdf: 4795541 bytes, checksum: 6cd386cb02c5a9a3bb008790dcdeeec4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 11Eventos desnudacionais foram responsáveis, na Depressão de Gouveia/MG, pela deposição de unidades coluviais que recobrem as vertentes da região. Trabalhos anteriores propuseram que os solos dessa região teriam se desenvolvido sobre estes colúvios. No entanto, pesquisa recente demonstrou que alguns solos se desenvolveram sobre materiais autóctones, revendo hipóteses anteriores. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar essas unidades coluviais através de análises fisicas e químicas, visando contribuir com as interpretações acerca da gênese e evolução destes materiais. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em cinco perfis de solo de uma catena e em outros dois perfis. As amostras foram coletadas em todos os horizontes e em linhas de pedra neles presentes e foram submetidas a análises granulométricas e quantitativas dos elementos Si, Ti, AI, FeTotal, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P e Zr, utilizando-se spectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X. Os resultados forneceram evidências morfológicas, granulométricas e qmmICas que confirmam que os materiais que compõem a cobertura pedológica sobreposta às linhas de pedra são alóctones. As principais evidências foram: (i) identificação de fragmentos líticos reliquiais em estágio incipiente de alteração num solum altamente intemperizado e a presença destes fragmentos em maior quantidade nas linhas de pedra do que no saprólito abaixo; (ii) discordâncias entre os materiais do horizonte C e do solum apontadas pela relação silte/argila e pela relação Zr/Ti; (iii) distribuição de elementos "imóveis" - Fe, Ti, Zr e AI - com padrões diferentes em relação a um padrão desenvolvimento in situ, refletindo, em parte, acumulação de material mais argiloso na base do solum e mais arenoso no topo, interpretada como diferença textural proporcionada por processos de transporte e deposição. A relação Zr/Ti foi considerada melhor marcador de descontinuidades, sobretudo em solos com materiais de diferentes origens e/ou composição mineralógica. A distribuição lateral dos solos - Cambissolo na alta vertente, Latossolo na média, e Cambissolo seguido de Neossolo Regolítico na baixa vertente - e sua relação com a distribuição das linhas de pedra na catena demonstraram que os processos erosivos são responsáveis por essa distribuição dos solos e pela remoção de materiais de antigos depósitos ainda presentes na porção côncava da vertente. Essa relação sugere que os solos se desenvolveram sobre materiais depositados em paleosuperfícies compostas de elementos côncavos e convexos. Esses solos provavelmente foram submetidos a processos pedomorfodinâmicos simultâneos e contínuos, responsáveis por nova pedogênese e remoção de parte da cobertura pedológica, resultando na re-configuração dos solos e da vertente. Apesar dos processos metalogenéticos sugerirem uma maior participação da erosão nas formas de relevo da área investigada, possivelmente as formas atuais seriam produto tanto de processos geoquímicos quanto de processos erosivos.Denudation events have been responsible, in Gouveia/MG Depression, for the deposition of colluvial units which cover slopes of the area. Previous works proposed that the soils of the area would have developed on colluvial materials. Latest research showed that some soils developed on autochthonous materials, reviewing previous hypotheses. This work aims to characterize those colluvial materials using physical and chemical analysis to contribute with interpretations concerning genesis and evolution of these materials. Soil samples were collected in five soil profiles from a catena and in other two profiles. These samples were collected from all soil horizons and stone lines presents and submitted to particle-size and quantitative analysis of the elements Si, Ti, Al, FeTotal, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P and Zr using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results provided morphological, textural and chemical evidences that confirm the allochthonous origin of the pedological materials overlying stone lines. The main evide nces were: (i) identification of lithic fragments in incipient alteration degree in a highly weathered solum and the presence of these fragments in larger quantity in the stone lines than in the saprolite below; (ii) discontinuities among the C-horizon and solum materials point out by silt/clay and Zr/Ti ratios; (iii) distribution of the immobile elements Fe, Ti, Zr and Al with different patterns in relation to in situ development patterns, reflecting, partly, accumulation of loamier material in the base of the solum and sandier in the top, interpreted as textural difference provided by transport and deposition processes. The Zr/Ti ratio was considered best discontinuities marker, mainly in soils with different material sources and/or mineralogical composition. The relationship among soil distribution Cambisols in upper slope, Ferralsol in middle slope, Cambisol and Regosol in lower slope, respectively and stone lines distribution in the catena showed that the erosion processes are responsible by soils distribution and by the removal of materials of ancient colluvial deposits that still present in the concave portion of the slope. This relationship suggests that the soils have been developed over materials deposited on paleosurfaces composed of concave and convex elements. These soils have probably been submitted to simultaneous and continuous pedogeomorphological processes responsible for new pedogenesis and removal of part of the pedological cover, resulting in the re-configuration of the soils and slope. Although these processes suggest larger participation of the erosion in the relief forms of the research area, the current forms would possibly be product as much of geochemical processes as of erosion processes.xi

Characterization of 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene and its effects on cell viability in human cancer cell lines

We synthesized 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP); characterized it by electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry and EPR techniques; and evaluated its cytotoxicity to human cancer cell lines. The results revealed that HHTP has accessible higher-oxidation states, especially the tris-semiquinone monoradical. This species is stable and is formed after being stored for months. HHTP exhibited cytotoxic effects on five human cancer cell lines, including glioma and lung cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated based on the decrease in cell viability, increases in the percentage of cells with fragmented DNA, and elevated numbers of Annexin V/PI-positive cells after HHTP treatment.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

O Protagonismo Infantojuvenil nos Processos Educomunicativos

Neste volume “O protagonismo infantojuvenil nos processos educomunicativos”, reunimos 53 artigos que transitam sobre a temática do protagonismo infantojuvenil em diversas experiências e processos educomunicativos e para facilitar sua leitura e busca por temas de seu interesse, eles estão organizados em 8 capítulos que abordam a educomunicação a partir do fazer das crianças e da apropriação da produção midiática. Expressão artística, rádio, vídeo, jornalismo, cultura digital, redes sociais entre outros são os temas abordados pelos autores destes trabalhos. convidamos o leitor a mergulhar nesta jornada educomunicativa, vivendo e revivendo junto conosco essas experiências vividas por outros, refletindo em cada texto sobre como estamos, como evoluímos e como seguimos os passos daqueles que com sua ousadia, amor e luta elaboraram os fundamentos da educomunicação

The conservation status of the world’s reptiles

Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world’s reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles