The Impact of Focusing a Program to Prevent Heavier Drinking on a Pre-existing Phenotype, the Low Level of Response to Alcohol

BACKGROUND: Heavy drinking is common during transitions from high school to college. Optimal programs for diminishing risks for high alcohol consumption often tailor the approach to the specific needs of students. This paper describes the results of an Internet-based prevention protocol that tailors the information to the risk associated with a preexisting phenotype, the Low level of Response (Low LR) to alcohol. METHODS: Using stratified random assignment, 454 freshmen with Low and High LR values were assigned to two education groups (LR-Based where all examples were given the context of the Low LR model of heavy drinking, or a State of the Art Group where the same lessons were taught but without an emphasis on LR) or a no-intervention Control Group. Individuals in the two education groups viewed 50-minute online videos once per week for four weeks. Changes in drinking patterns were assessed at Baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks using a 2 (LR status) by 3 (education group) by 3 (time points) ANOVA, with additional tests for ethnicity and sex. RESULTS: Low LR participants tended to decrease their usual (p<.06) and maximum (p<.05) drinks per occasion most prominently when assigned to the LR-Based protocol, while those with High LRs improved more in the State Of The Art Group. The most robust differences were seen when controlling for ethnicity. The effect sizes were small to medium. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the advantages of carrying out prevention via the Internet and in tailoring the approach to a preexisting phenotype

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN PREMI BONUS-MALUS PADA NON-LIFE INSURANCE BERDISTRIBUSI POISSON-GAMMA

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN PREMI BONUS-MALUS PADA NON-LIFE INSURANCE BERDISTRIBUSI POISSON-GAMMA