Nuevos registros de monogeneos (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) infectando algunos peces marinos del litoral peruano

A parasitological survey searching monogeneans infesting marine fish was carried out during June 2018 and January 2020 from the coastal zone of Puerto Pizarro, Tumbes (northern Peru) and from the coastal zone of Chorrillos, Lima (central Peru). The gills, skin, nasal cavities, or branchial gill-cover of seven species were sampled. Ten monogenean species assigned to six families and nine genera were identified. The monogeneans Callorhynchocotyle callorhynchi (Manter, 1955); Capsala biparasiticum (Goto, 1894) Price, 1938; Euryhaliotrema sagmatum Kritsky & Boeger, 2002; Listrocephalos kearni Bullard, Payne &Braswell, 2004; Magniexcipula lamothei Bravo-Hollis, 1981; Nasicola klawei (Stunkard, 1962) Yamaguti, 1968; and Pseudorhabdosynochus anulus Violante-Gonzalez & Rojas-Herrera, 2011 are registered for the first time in Peru. While Capsala gregalis (Wagner & Carter, 1967) Chisholm & Whittington, 2007; Heterocotyle margaritae Chero, Cruces, Sáez, Santos & Luque, 2020; and Monocotyle luquei Chero, Cruces, Iannacone, Sanchez, Minaya, Sáez & Alvariño, 2016 have been previously registered in Peruvian waters, however, the region of Tumbes (northern Peru) represent a new locality record for these species.Durante junio de 2018 y enero de 2020 se realizó un levamiento parasitológico para buscar monogeneos que infectan peces marinos en la zona costera de Puerto Pizarro, departamento de Tumbes (norte de Perú) y en la zona costera de Chorrillos, departamento de Lima (centro de Perú). Se analizaron las branquias, la piel, las cavidades nasales o el opérculo de siete especies. Se identificaron diez especies de monogeneos, asignadas a seis familias y nueve géneros. Los monogeneos Callorhynchocotyle callorhynchi (Manter, 1955); Capsala biparasitica (Goto, 1894) Price, 1938; Euryhaliotrema sagmatum Kritsky y Boeger, 2002; Listrocephalos kearni Bullard, Payne y Braswell, 2004; Magniexcipula lamothei Bravo-Hollis, 1981; Nasicola klawei (Stunkard, 1962) Yamaguti, 1968; y Pseudorhabdosynochus anulus Violante-Gonzalez & Rojas-Herrera, 2011 son registrados por primera vez en Perú. Mientras que, Capsala gregalis (Wagner y Carter, 1967) Chisholm y Whittington, 2007; Heterocotyle margaritae Chero, Cruces, Sáez, Santos & Luque, 2020; y Monocotyle luquei Chero, Cruces, Iannacone, Sanchez, Minaya, Sáez & Alvariño, 2016 han sido previamente registrados en aguas peruanas, sin embargo, la región de Tumbes (norte de Perú) representa un nuevo registro de localidad para estas especies

Changes in compliance with school-based physical activity recommendations in Spanish youth: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study

The study aimed (a) to examine changes in physical activity (PA) during the whole day, school hours, recess, and physical education classes (PEC) during a 2-year period in primary and secondary students; (b) to identify changes in the proportion of compliance with specific PA recommendations for these periods; and (c) to examine whether PA levels at baseline are associated with PA levels 2 years later. Eight hundred and fourteen (51.8% boys) children and 658 (50.1% boys) adolescents from 41 Spanish schools participated in the study. Hip-worn accelerometers were used to assess PA during different time periods. Light PA (LPA) declined during the whole day, school hours, recess (all P < 0.001, except child girls for recess), and PEC (all, P < 0.05) in children and adolescents. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) during the whole day and recess declined in child boys (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and adolescent boys (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). MVPA during PEC declined in adolescent boys (P < 0.001) and adolescent girls (all P < 0.05). The proportion of compliance with the specific PA recommendations for these periods declined (P < 0.05), except for PEC in adolescent girls. PA during the whole day at baseline was moderately associated with PA during the whole day years later (ICCs = 0.210-0.544, with one exception), but this association was lower for the school-based PA. In conclusion, time spent in MVPA and LPA during the whole day and recess declined over time in child and adolescent boys and during PEC in adolescents. These findings highlight the need to promote PA interventions in these settings

Five new real-time detections of Fast Radio Bursts with UTMOST

We detail a new fast radio burst (FRB) survey with the Molonglo Radio Telescope, in which six FRBs were detected between June 2017 and December 2018. By using a real-time FRB detection system, we captured raw voltages for five of the six events, which allowed for coherent dedispersion and very high time resolution (10.24 $\mu$s) studies of the bursts. Five of the FRBs show temporal broadening consistent with interstellar and/or intergalactic scattering, with scattering timescales ranging from 0.16 to 29.1 ms. One burst, FRB181017, shows remarkable temporal structure, with 3 peaks each separated by 1 ms. We searched for phase-coherence between the leading and trailing peaks and found none, ruling out lensing scenarios. Based on this survey, we calculate an all-sky rate at 843 MHz of $98^{+59}_{-39}$ events sky$^{-1}$ day$^{-1}$ to a fluence limit of 8 Jy-ms: a factor of 7 below the rates estimated from the Parkes and ASKAP telescopes at 1.4 GHz assuming the ASKAP-derived spectral index $\alpha=-1.6$ ($F_{\nu}\propto\nu^{\alpha}$). Our results suggest that FRB spectra may turn over below 1 GHz. Optical, radio and X-ray followup has been made for most of the reported bursts, with no associated transients found. No repeat bursts were found in the survey.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRA

Successful use of mild therapeutic hypothermia as compassionate treatment for severe refractory hypoxemia in COVID-19

Indexación ScopusBackground: COVID-19 is a disease associated with an intense systemic inflammation that could induce severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with life-threatening hypoxia and hypercapnia. We present a case where mild therapeutic hypothermia was associated with improved gas exchange, facing other therapies' unavailability due to the pandemic. Case report: A healthy 38-year-old male admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia developed extreme hypoxia (PaO2/FiO2 ratio 42 mmHg), respiratory acidosis, and hyperthermia, refractory to usual treatment (mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular blockade, and prone position), and advanced therapies were not available. Mild therapeutic hypothermia management (target 33–34 °C) was maintained for five days, with progressive gas exchange improvement, which allowed his recovery over the following weeks. He was discharged home after 68 days without significant ICU associated morbidity. Conclusions: Mild hypothermia is a widely available therapy, that given some specific characteristics of COVID-19, may be explored as adjunctive therapy for life-threatening ARDS, especially during a shortage of other rescue therapies. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.https://www-sciencedirect-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/science/article/pii/S0883944121000095?via%3Dihu

ECOLOGÍA COMUNITARIA DE LOS METAZOOS PARÁSITOS DE TRES ESPECIES DE PECES BENTOPELÁGICOS (PISCES: ACTINOPTERYGII) DE LA ZONA COSTERA DEL CALLAO, PERÚ

Ciento dieciocho especímenes de peces bentopelágicos de la zona costera de la región del Callao, Perú, fueron sometidas a una autopsia de mayo de 2015 a enero de 2016 para estudiar su comunidad de parásitos metazoos: 38 especímenes de Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833 (Cheilodactylidae), 66 de Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mugilidae) y 14 de Paralabrax humeralis (Valenciennes, 1828) (Serranidae). Diecinueve taxones de metazoos parásitos fueron recolectados: 10 en Ch. variegatus, 4 en M. cephalus y 7 en P. humeralis. Solo Cheilodactylus variegatus es un nuevo registro de huésped para 7 especies. Cuatro especies de parásitos son nuevos registros geográficos. Los digeneos fueron la mayoría de los especímenes de parásitos recolectados (37,85%) en Ch. variegatus. En M. cephalus, la mayoría de las muestras de parásitos recolectadas fueron copépodos y monogeneos con 77,78% de los individuos recolectados. Se encontraron cinco estadios larvarios. Los parásitos de tres especies hospedadoras mostraron el patrón típico de distribución agregada observado en muchas comunidades de parásitos metazoos de peces marinos del Perú. En M. cephalus, la longitud total se correlacionó con la prevalencia de 2 especies de parásitos. Ch. variegatus y P. humeralis, no se observó relación entre la prevalencia y la abundancia versus la longitud y el sexo del huésped

OLIVACOTYLE HEMANTHIASI N. GEN. N. SP. (MONOGENEA: DICLIDOPHORIDAE) DE LAS BRANQUIAS DE LA CABRILLA DONCELLA HEMANTHIAS SIGNIFER (GARMAN, 1899) (TELEOSTEI: SERRANIDAE) EN EL OCÉANO PACÍFICO DE AMÉRICA DEL SUR

Un nuevo género y especie de Monogenea, Olivacotyle hemanthiasi n. gen., n. sp., se proponen para acomodar especímenes colectados de las branquias de la cabrilla doncella Hemanthias signifer (Garman, 1899) (Serranidae) en el Perú, Océano Pacífico Sudamericano (45°54'S, 81°05'W). Si bien es un miembro de Diclidophorinae Cerfontaine, 1895 que incluye parásitos de teleósteos marinos, O. hemanthiasi n. sp. difiere de los otros 15 miembros de esta subfamilia por la combinación de las siguientes seis características: (1) pinzas haptorales con la esclerita anteromedial y una esclerita anterolateral fusionadas formando un anillo, la otra esclerita anterolateral no fusionada con ninguna esclerita del cuadrante anterior interno, extensión lamelar parcialmente reducida y escleritas posterolateral distal no fusionadas distalmente; (2) pinzas dispuestas en semicírculo alrededor del borde posterior del haptor; (3) testículos extendiéndose hacia el haptor; (4) vagina ausente; (5) receptáculo seminal bien desarrollado; y (6) vesícula prostática ausente

Applications of Direct Injection Soft Chemical Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Pre-blast Smokeless Powder Organic Additives

Analysis of smokeless powders is of interest from forensics and security perspectives. This article reports the detection of smokeless powder organic additives (in their pre-detonation condition), namely the stabiliser diphenylamine and its derivatives 2-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrodiphenylamine, and the additives (used both as stabilisers and plasticisers) methyl centralite and ethyl centralite, by means of swab sampling followed by thermal desorption and direct injection soft chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry. Investigations on the product ions resulting from the reactions of the reagent ions H3O+ and O2+ with additives as a function of reduced electric field are reported. The method was comprehensively evaluated in terms of linearity, sensitivity and precision. For H3O+, the limits of detection (LoD) are in the range of 41-88 pg of additive, for which the accuracy varied between 1.5 and 3.2%, precision varied between 3.7 and 7.3% and linearity showed R20.9991. For O2+, LoD are in the range of 72 to 1.4 ng, with an accuracy of between 2.8 and 4.9% and a precision between 4.5 and 8.6% and R20.9914. The validated methodology was applied to the analysis of commercial pre-blast gun powders from different manufacturers.(VLID)4826148Accepted versio