Costo de producción de café orgánico y convencional con productores en la comunidad La Pita, San Ramón, Matagalpa en cosecha 2019-2020

El cultivo del café, es de los que más sobresale en el sector agrícola, principalmenteda un aporte enormemente al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) del país, en cuanto a labores culturales para mejorar rendimientos y productividad del cultivo, las cuales, se desarrollan a lo largo de todo el año, la etapa de mantenimiento; en lacual, se realizan diferentesactividades que influyen directamente para mejorar rendimientos y productividad, por otra parte, la etapa de producción; es donde se necesita de toda la mano de obra posible, para la recolección del fruto y todas sus labores como despulpado, secado, empaque y comercialización. De tal manera que, mediante la realización de este estudio, se aborda, los costos de producción del cultivo de café tanto orgánico como convencional, otro problema planteado son los cambios climáticos que han transcurrido en los últimos años y que han afectado grandemente a los productores en sus rendimientos y productividad del rubro de café en la comunidad de La Pita, Municipio de San Ramón,Departamento de Matagalpa durante el ciclo agrícola 2019-2020. De igual forma, se relata; la influencia que tiene este rubro en la comunidad. En el presente estudio, se desarrolla la variable, costos de producción del café, con respecto a la cual se desarrolló el estudio. La metodología utilizada, en este estudio, está basada, en un enfoque cuantitativo con implicaciones cualitativas, el nivel de estudio es descriptivo, realizado con una amplitud de corte transversal, cabe destacar que el presente estudio, está basado, en relación a una muestra seleccionada, tales como, productores y producción con una muestra por conveniencia.PALABRAS CLAVES: Café, Productividad, Costos, Rendimiento, Convencional y Orgánic

Trauma craneoencefálico en motociclistas, Hospital Traumatológico Ney Arias Lora.

Introducción: El trauma craneoencefálico es un problema de salud global que limita al individuo en las esferas motora, cognitiva y del comportamiento, es el primer productor de discapacidad a nivel mundial y la primera causa de muerte en personas entre los 15 a 45 años de edad. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia del uso correcto de casco protector en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico por accidente de tránsito en motocicleta en el Hospital Traumatológico Ney Arias Lora. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por un total de 149 casos de trauma craneoencefálico en motociclistas. Se emplearon estadígrafos de estadística descriptiva, con uso del programa SPSS 2.0. Resultados: De 149 casos estudiados, en 128 se encontró que no utilizaron el casco protector, correspondiendo al 86%. Los pacientes con edades entre 19 y 45 años conformaron la mayoría de casos con un total de 93 pacientes para un 65%. Los pacientes del género masculino representaron la mayoría, 138 casos para un 93%. Sobre la clasificación del trauma, del grupo de pacientes que usaron correctamente el casco de seguridad no hubo casos severos y de los que no lo usaron, 20 casos fueron severos para un 15,5%. Conclusiones: El uso de casco de seguridad disminuye la gravedad del trauma craneoencefálico en motociclistas sufrieron accidente de tránsito. El trauma de forma general, se ubica entre las primeras causa de muerte en República Dominicana. Especialmente el trauma craneoencefálico afectó a personas jóvenes por lo que representó una gran cantidad de años potencialmente perdidos entre las víctimas; de manera que debe sensibilizarse a la población sobre la importancia del uso del caso de protección, toda vez que solo la quinta parte de los accidentados o usaron

NUEVO REGISTRO DE ESPECIES DE PHILOMETRA COSTA, 1845 (NEMATODA: PHILOMETRIDAE) QUE INFECTAN LA GÓNADA DE HYPORHAMPHUS NAOS BANFORD & COLLETTE, 2001 (HEMIRAMPHIDAE: BELONIFORMES) EN SINALOA, MÉXICO

The objective of this work was to identify the species of parasitic nematodes that infect the gonads of female “birdfish” Hyporhamphus naos Banford & Collette, 2001 (Hemiramphidae: Beloniformes). This species of fish is considered key in terms of the local artisanal fishery index, it is economically transcendental for fishermen and regional consumers who annually wait for its arrival in the bay to be consumed. The nematode Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) was identified parasitizing the female gonads of H. naos. Two immature female nematodes were found (prevalence 8%, mean abundance 0.08 and mean intensity 1). New information is recorded on the distribution of parasitic nematodes of this genus in this area of ​​the tropical Pacific and a new host. This is the first record of Philometra parasitic on female gonads in H. naos fish in Mexico. The first world record was Philometra longa Moravec, Barton & Shamsi, 2021 in the fish Hyporhamphus australis (Steindachner, 1866) and P. inconveniens Moravec, Barton & Shamsi, 2021 in the fish Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1847) in Australia. The present study extends the knowledge of the composition by species of the Philometrids that parasitize marine fish. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge on the biology, biodiversity and host preference of these parasites in this fish with great regionalization in the consumption of fish species that present a broad gastronomic social identity in these coastal areas in the port of Mazatlan.El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las especies de nemátodos parásitos que infectan a las gónadas en hembras del pez “pajarito” Hyporhamphus naos Banford & Collette, 2001 (Hemiramphidae: Beloniformes). Esta especie de pez se considera clave en términos del índice de pesquería artesanal local, es económicamente transcendental para los pescadores y consumidores regionales que esperan anualmente su arribo a la bahía para ser consumidos.  Se identificó al nematodo Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) parasitando las gónadas femeninas de H. naos. Se encontraron dos nematodos hembras inmaduras (prevalencia 8%, abundancia media 0,08 e intensidad media 1). Se registra nueva información sobre la distribución de parásitos nematodos de este género en esta zona del Pacífico tropical y un nuevo hospedero. Este es el primer registro de Philometra parásito de las gónadas femeninas en peces H. naos en México. El primer registro mundial fue Philometra longa Moravec, Barton & Shamsi, 2021 en el pez Hyporhamphus australis (Steindachner, 1866) y P. inconveniens Moravec, Barton & Shamsi, 2021 en el pez Hyporhamphus melanochir (Valenciennes, 1847) en Australia. El presente estudio amplía el conocimiento de la composición por especies de los Philométridos que parasitan peces marinos. Los resultados de este trabajo contribuyen al conocimiento en la biología, la biodiversidad y la preferencia del hospedero de estos parásitos en este pez con gran regionalización en el consumo de especies ícticas que presentan amplia identidad social gastronómica en estas zonas costeras en el puerto mazatleco

The clinical and molecular cardiometabolic fingerprint of an exploratory psoriatic arthritis cohort is associated with the disease activity and differentially modulated by methotrexate and apremilast

Objectives: (1) To evaluate clinical and molecular cardiovascular disease (CVD) signs and their relationship with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) features and (2) to identify a clinical patient profile susceptible to benefit from methotrexate (MTX) and/or apremilast regarding CVD risk. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with PsA and 100 age-matched healthy donors. In addition, an exploratory cohort of 45 biologically naïve patients treated for 6 months with apremilast, MTX or combined therapy according to routine clinical practice was recruited. Extensive clinical and metabolic profiles were obtained. Ninety-nine surrogate CVD-related molecules were analysed in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Hard cluster analysis was performed to identify the clinical and molecular phenotypes. Mechanistic studies were performed on adipocytes. Results: Cardiometabolic comorbidities were associated with disease activity and long-term inflammatory status. Thirty-five CVD-related proteins were altered in the plasma and PBMCs of PsA patients and were associated with the key clinical features of the disease. Plasma levels of some of the CVD-related molecules might distinguish insulin-resistant patients (MMP-3, CD163, FABP-4), high disease activity (GAL-3 and FABP-4) and poor therapy outcomes (CD-163, LTBR and CNTN-1). Hard cluster analysis identified two phenotypes of patients according to the rates of cardiometabolic comorbidities with distinctive clinical and molecular responses to each treatment. Conclusions: (1) Novel CVD-related proteins associated with clinical features could be emerging therapeutic targets in the context of PsA and (2) the pleiotropic action of apremilast could make it an excellent choice for the management of PsA patients with high CVD risk, targeting metabolic alterations and CVD-related molecules

Protocol for the detection and nutritional management of high-output stomas

Introduction: An issue of recent research interest is excessive stoma output and its relation to electrolyte abnormalities. Some studies have identified this as a precursor of dehydration and renal dysfunction. A prospective study was performed of the complications associated with high-output stomas, to identify their causes, consequences and management.Materials and methods: This study was carried out by a multidisciplinary team of surgeons, gastroenterologists, nutritionists and hospital pharmacists. High-output stoma (HOS) was defined as output ≥1500 ml for two consecutive days. The subjects included in the study population, 43 patients with a new permanent or temporary stoma, were classified according to the time of HOS onset as early HOS (<3 weeks after initial surgery) or late HOS (≥3 weeks after surgery). Circumstances permitting, a specific protocol for response to HOS was applied. Each patient was followed up until the fourth month after surgery.Results: Early HOS was observed in 7 (16 %) of the sample population of 43 hospital patients, and late HOS, in 6 of the 37 (16 %) non-early HOS population. By type of stoma, nearly all HOS cases affected ileostomy, rather than colostomy, patients. The patients with early HOS remained in hospital for 18 days post surgery, significantly longer than those with no HOS (12 days). The protocol was applied to the majority of EHOS patients and achieved 100 % effectiveness. 50 % of readmissions were due to altered electrolyte balance. Hypomagnesaemia was observed in 33 % of the late HOS patients.Conclusion: The protocol developed at our hospital for the detection and management of HOS effectively addresses possible long-term complications arising from poor nutritional status and chronic electrolyte alteration

Development and validation of a clinical score to estimate progression to severe or critical state in Covid-19 pneumonia hospitalized patients

The prognosis of a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia is uncertain. Our objective was to establish a predictive model of disease progression to facilitate early decision-making. A retrospective study was performed of patients admitted with Covid-19 pneumonia, classified as severe (admission to the intensive care unit, mechanic invasive ventilation, or death) or non-severe. A predictive model based on clinical, analytical, and radiological parameters was built. The probability of progression to severe disease was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Calibration and discrimination (receiver operating characteristics curves and AUC) were assessed to determine model performance. During the study period 1,152 patients presented with Covid-19 infection, of whom 229 (19.9%) were admitted for pneumonia. During hospitalization, 51 (22.3%) progressed to severe disease, of whom 26 required ICU care (11.4); 17 (7.4%) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 32 (14%) died of any cause. Five predictors determined within 24 hours of admission were identified: Diabetes, Age, Lymphocyte count, SaO2, and pH (DALSH score). The prediction model showed a good clinical performance, including discrimination (AUC 0.87 CI 0.81, 0.92) and calibration (Brier score = 0.11). In total, 0%, 12%, and 50% of patients with severity risk scores ≤5%, 6-25%, and >25% exhibited disease progression, respectively. A simple risk score based on five factors predicts disease progression and facilitates early decision-making according to prognosis.Carlos III Health Institute, Spain, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SPAIN) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)Instituto de Salud Carlos II

Integrative development of a short screening questionnaire of highly processed food consumption (sQ-HPF)

Background: Recent lifestyle changes include increased consumption of highly processed foods (HPF), which has been associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, nutritional information relies on the estimation of HPF consumption from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ) that are not explicitly developed for this purpose. We aimed to develop a short screening questionnaire of HPF consumption (sQ-HPF) that integrates criteria from the existing food classification systems. Methods: Data from 4400 participants (48.1% female and 51.9% male, 64.9 +/- 4.9 years) of the Spanish PREDIMED-Plus (PREvention with MEDiterranean DIet) trial were used for this analysis. Items from the FFQ were classified according to four main food processing-based classification systems (NOVA, IARC, IFIC and UNC). Participants were classified into tertiles of HPF consumption according to each system. Using binomial logistic regression, food groups associated with agreement in the highest tertile for at least two classification systems were chosen as items for the questionnaire. ROC analysis was used to determine cut-off points for the frequency of consumption of each item, from which a score was calculated. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's analysis, and agreement with the four classifications was assessed with weighted kappa coefficients. Results: Regression analysis identified 14 food groups (items) associated with high HPF consumption for at least two classification systems. EFA showed that items were representative contributors of a single underlying factor, the HPF dietary pattern (factor loadings around 0.2). We constructed a questionnaire asking about the frequency of consumption of those items. The threshold frequency of consumption was selected using ROC analysis. Comparison of the four classification systems and the sQ-HPF showed a fair to high agreement. Significant changes in lifestyle characteristics were detected across tertiles of the sQ-HPF score. Longitudinal changes in HPF consumption were also detected by the sQ-HPF, concordantly with existing classification systems. Conclusions: We developed a practical tool to measure HPF consumption, the sQ-HPF. This may be a valuable instrument to study its relationship with NCDs

One-year longitudinal association between changes in dietary choline or betaine intake and cardiometabolic variables in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) trial

Choline and betaine intakes have been related to cardiovascular health. We aimed to explore the relation between 1-y changes in dietary intake of choline or betaine and 1-y changes in cardiometabolic and renal function traits within the frame of the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea)-Plus trial. We used baseline and 1-y follow-up data from 5613 participants (48.2% female and 51.8% male; mean ± SD age: 65.01 ± 4.91 y) to assess cardiometabolic traits, and 3367 participants to assess renal function, of the Spanish PREDIMED-Plus trial. Participants met ≥3 criteria of metabolic syndrome and had overweight or obesity [BMI (in kg/m 2) ≥27 and ≤40]. These criteria were similar to those of the PREDIMED parent study. Dietary intakes of choline and betaine were estimated from the FFQ. The greatest 1-y increase in dietary choline or betaine intake (quartile 4) was associated with improved serum glucose concentrations (−3.39 and −2.72 mg/dL for choline and betaine, respectively) and HbA1c levels (−0.10% for quartile 4 of either choline or betaine intake increase). Other significant changes associated with the greatest increase in choline or betaine intake were reduced body weight (−2.93 and −2.78 kg, respectively), BMI (−1.05 and −0.99, respectively), waist circumference (−3.37 and −3.26 cm, respectively), total cholesterol (−4.74 and −4.52 mg/dL, respectively), and LDL cholesterol (−4.30 and −4.16 mg/dL, respectively). Urine creatinine was reduced in quartile 4 of 1-y increase in choline or betaine intake (−5.42 and −5.74 mg/dL, respectively). Increases in dietary choline or betaine intakes were longitudinally related to improvements in cardiometabolic parameters. Markers of renal function were also slightly improved, and they require further investigation. This trial was registered at as ISRCTN89898870