Social norms and household time allocation

Economic theories of the household predict that increases in female relative human capital lead to decreases in female housework time. However, longitudinal and cross-sectional evidence seems to contradict this implication. Women's share of home time fails to decrease despite increases in women's relative earnings. The literature has proposed social norms on the household division of labor as an alternative explanation. We use the 2002-2003 Spanish Time Use Survey (STUS) to explore the presence of social norms associated with the household division of housework and childcare. First, we observe that wives who earn more than their husbands still do more than 50% of the housework and childcare. Second, we find that a woman's relative share of housework decreases as her relative earnings increase, but only up to the point where she earns the same as her husband. Finally, independently of the definition of childcare, the relative time devoted to childcare does not vary with spouses' relative earnings. All these findings suggest that social norms may be an important factor in the division of household time.Household production; intrahousehold allocation; time allocation; social norms;

Adquisició de terceres llengües: estat de la qüestió

The last ten years have witnessed a growing interest in the acquisition of third languages (L3s). Due to their sociolinguistic characteristics, Catalonia and the Basque Country are at the forefront in production of published empirical research in L3 acquisition. This article provides a review of research in L3 acquisition and argues that this research is worthwhile for practical and theoretical reasons. L3 acquisition studies can inform decisions regarding appropriate timing and procedures to incorporate foreign languages (L3s) in the bilingual curriculum, and they can shed light on important theoretical issues, such as the role of experience in language processing and the role of transfer in the acquisition of grammar

La sexualización en la actualidad internacional

El origen de este estudio surge de una gráfica que muestra el porcentaje de violencia de género (sobre la mujer) en la actualidad, a nivel mundial. Se dan porcentajes más altos en países subdesarrollados, pero siguen siendo preocupantes los datos recogidos en los desarrollados. Nuestra inquietud por este tema se ve acentuada al ser conscientes de que se han normalizado. Observamos un comportamiento machista y no hacemos lo suficiente por evitarlo. Hasta que no cambiemos esto no podremos avanzar. Es necesaria una revolución interna y externa que parta del feminismo. Este trabajo recorre distintos medios de comunicación y expone la manera en que tratan este problema. Se observarán y analizarán casos de sexualización de la mujer y cosificación de ambos sexos. Finalmente, se exponen obras de la autora que versan sobre la sexualización de la mujer.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Bellas Arte

Field modified spin-orbit potential curves of IBr. Preliminary dynamical results

In a seminal work the photodissociation of IBr has been controlled using a strong non-resonant IR pulse [Sussman et al., Science, 2006, 314, 274], changing the branching ratio of products in different final states via the relative timing of pump and control pulses. In this paper, we revisit the control of this molecule. Potential surfaces for the complete spin-orbit manifold of IBr states dissociating into the ground and first excited states of the constituent atoms have been calculated at the multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) level of theory as a function of applied field. Both the strength and direction of field have been taken into account and it is seen how the avoided crossing between the states thought to be key in the control mechanism shift as a function of field strength. These surfaces will enable full calculations of the molecule in the pump-control field. Preliminary dynamics calculations with the field placed along the molecular axis show that a Hamiltonian including all 36-states agrees with earlier results and is able to model the basic features of the control. However, just like earlier results, this restricted model is not able to reproduce the timescale of the contro

Depolarizing collisions with hydrogen: neutral and singly ionized alkaline earths

Depolarizing collisions are elastic or quasielastic collisions that equalize the populations and destroy the coherence between the magnetic sublevels of atomic levels. In astrophysical plasmas, the main depolarizing collider is neutral hydrogen. We consider depolarizing rates on the lowest levels of neutral and singly ionized alkaly-earths Mg I, Sr I, Ba I, Mg II, Ca II, and Ba II, due to collisions with H. We compute ab initio potential curves of the atom-H system and solve the quantum mechanical dynamics. From the scattering amplitudes we calculate the depolarizing rates for Maxwellian distributions of colliders at temperatures T <10000 K. A comparative analysis of our results and previous calculations in the literature is done. We discuss the effect of these rates on the formation of scattering polarization patterns of resonant lines of alkali-earths in the solar atmosphere, and their effect on Hanle effect diagnostics of solar magnetic fields.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures. Summitted to ApJ (2014

Intervención educativa de jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social a través de la actividad física y el deporte

En este trabajo se pretende analizar la situación general del colectivo de jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social y de cómo podría llevarse a cabo un tipo de intervención educativa con ellos a través de la actividad física y el deporte, especialmente centrándonos en aquellos que presentan características de su personalidad con rasgos violentos. Se trata de un trabajo que presenta un diseño de intervención destinado a un grupo de jóvenes de un centro de menores en el que se establece la actividad física y el deporte como instrumento de intervención educativa y herramienta de reinserción social a través de la cuál estos jóvenes desarrollen sus habilidades sociales.Grado en Educación Socia

Two Separate Subtypes of Early Non-Subplate Projection Neurons in the Developing Cerebral Cortex of Rodents

The preplate of the cerebral cortex contains projection neurons that connect the cortical primordium with the subpallium. These are collectively named pioneer neurons. After preplate partition, most of these pioneer neurons become subplate neurons. Certain preplate neurons, however, never associate with the subplate but rather with the marginal zone. In the present overview, we propose a novel classification of non-subplate pioneer neurons in rodents into two subtypes. In rats, the neurons of the first subtype are calbindin+ (CB), calretinin+ (CR) and L1+ and are situated in the upper part of the preplate before its partition. Neurons of the second subtype are TAG-1+ and are located slightly deeper to the previous population in the preplate. After the preplate partition, the CB+, CR+ and L1+ neurons remain in the marginal zone whereas TAG-1+ neurons become transiently localized in the upper cortical plate. In mice, by contrast, calcium binding proteins did not label pioneer neurons. We define in mice two subtypes of non-subplate pioneer neurons, either L1+ or TAG-1+/cntn2+. We propose these to be the homologues of the two subtypes of non-subplate pioneer neurons of rats. The anatomical distribution of these neuron populations is similar in rats and mice. The two populations of non-subplate pioneer neurons differ in their axonal projections. Axons of L1+ pioneer neurons project to the ganglionic eminences and the anterior preoptic area, but avoid entering the posterior limb of the internal capsule towards the thalamus. Axons of TAG-1+ pioneer neurons project to the lateral parts of the ganglionic eminences at the early stages of cortical histogenesis examined

Early dynamics of natural revegetation on roadslopes in the Salamanca province

La revegetación de taludes de carreteras tiene interés tanto desde el punto de vista del paisaje como del control de la erosión, pero falta información sobre la colonización espontánea y la dinámica de la vegetación en ellos. Los estudios de revegetación natural en el tiempo nos permiten clasificar las especies de acuerdo a la etapa de sucesión en la que ganan importancia y seleccionar las más adecuadas para la revegetación de un área concreta. Este estudio trata de analizar y mejorar nuestra comprensión de los factores que controlan los procesos naturales de colonización, establecimiento y dinámica de la vegetación en taludes de carreteras de clima mediterráneo semiárido en la provincia de Salamanca. Se seleccionaron 52 taludes con diferente edad desde su construcción, sobre sedimentos terciarios, pizarras y granitos, y en dos orientaciones (norte/sur). Los factores ambientales fueron analizados y referidos a las especies usando análisis multivariante y modelización de HOF.Producción Vegetal y Recursos ForestalesMáster en Investigación en Ingeniería para la Conservación y Uso Sostenible de Sistemas Forestale