Práticas de Integração Curricular nos 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico

Práticas de Integração Curricular nos 1.º e 2.º ciclos do Ensino Básico é o primeiro e-book organizado pelos professores do Departamento de Formação e Investigação em Currículo e Didáticas (DFICD) da Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa. Este trabalho materializa o desejo dos professores do DFIDC de aprofundar o estudo e a reflexão em torno da interdisciplinaridade e da integração curricular, contribuindo assim para consolidar também cada uma das Didáticas específicas. O público-alvo destes textos são os estudantes dos Mestrados de Formação de Professores dos 1.º e 2.º ciclos do Ensino Básico. A autoria dos vários capítulos é da responsabilidade de equipas interdisciplinares de professores deste departamento e um dos textos associa também uma professora do Departamento de Formação e Investigação em Educação e Desenvolvimento.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Difficulties inadaptationand academic performance in higher education: ananalysis in terms of vocational preferences and level of education

[Resumo] Assiste-se a urna maior sensibilidade por parte dos investigadores e autoridades académicas com as dificuldades de adaptaçao e de realizaçao dos estudantes do Ensino Superior. Tais dificuldades sao particularmente sentidas junto dos alunos do 10 ano. Um projecto de investigaçao neste dominio decorre na Universidade do Minho. Neste artigo apresentam- se alguns dados descritivos das dificuldades académicas de urna amostra portuguesa de estudantes do Ensino Superior (n=370), tomando-se quer o facto dos estudantes poderem ou nao estarem a frequentar o curso e estabelecimento de ensino correspondente a sua 1ª escolha vocacional, quer o ano escolar em que os estudantes se encontram. Os resultados sugerem que as dificuldades académicas nas áreas avaliadas nao se diferenciam de acordo com as opçoes vocacionais dos estudantes, muito embora algumas diferenzas sao encontradas quando comparamos os alunos dos anos iniciais e terminais do curso superior que frequentam

Mechanical versus manual harvest of Pinus pinea cones

Umbrella pine cone production is an important forest non-wood product in Portugal,especially in the region of Alcácer do Sal, where it plays an important role to the local development. Traditionally umbrella pine cones are manually harvested, increasing production costs and, above all, with very high accident risk to the workers. The development of equipment for mechanical harvesting started in Italy in the 1980's. Studies report different values for harvesting efficiency and tree damage, the latter in terms of immature cones and branches detached. In this study a trunk shaker was used to evaluate mechanical harvesting both in terms of efficiency and tree damage induced by trunk vibration. In comparison to the manual process, time required for mechanised harvesting was about 1/15th of the time. The results revealed a mechanical harvesting efficiency higher than 86% with negligible tree damage. Inter-annual harvest efficiency variability was also observed

Effect of drill speed on the strain distribution during drilling of bovine and human bones

Drilling is an operation commonly required in orthopaedic surgery for insertion of screws and internal fixation of bone fractures. Induced damage is one of the undesired effects of drilling mainly due to the use of inadequate drilling parameters. During the recent years, scientists have been trying to describe the relationship between drilling parameters and bone injury. However, no studies have examined the level of strain generated in the bone during the drilling process. This paper focuses on the analysis of different drill speeds during drilling of fresh bovine femora and human cadaveric tibiae. The main contribution of this work is to determine how differences in applied drill speeds affect the strain of cortical tissue near the drilling site and the drill bit temperature. Strains were measured in ex-vivo material during the osteotomy preparation with three drill speeds (520, 900 and 1370 r.p.m.). Additionally, a thermographic camera was used to measure the drill bit temperature. As the drilling operations are blind in nature with unknown depth, the osteotomies were performed using a drill press machine without control of the feed rate or depth. Drill bit geometry was kept constant with 4 mm of diameter, point angle 120⁰ and helix angle 30⁰. The tests were conducted at room temperature without applying cooling at the drilling zone. Bone strains near to the drilling sites were recorded with high accuracy using linear strain gages mounted around the diaphyseal cortex. It was noted that the bone strain and drill bit temperature increased with an increasing drill speed. Human and bovine bone samples presented significantly different levels of strain and temperature. Both strain and temperature were higher when drilling bovine femora than when drilling human cadaveric tibiae

Recent trends on seaweed fractionation for liquid biofuels production

Concerns about fossil fuels depletion has led to seek for new sources of energy. The use of marine biomass (seaweed) to produce biofuels presents widely recognized advantages over terrestrial biomasses such as higher production ratio, higher photosynthetic efficiency or carbon-neutral emissions. In here, interesting seaweed sources as a whole or as a residue from seaweed processing industries for biofuel production were identified and their diverse composition and availability compiled. In addition, the pretreatments used for seaweed fractionation were thoroughly revised as this step is pivotal in a seaweed biorefinery for integral biomass valorization and for enabling biomass-to-biofuel economic feasibility processes. Traditional and emerging technologies were revised, with particular emphasis on green technologies, relating pretreatment not only with the type of biomass but also with the final target product(s) and yields. Current hurdles of marine biomass-to-biofuel processes were pinpointed and discussed and future perspectives on the development of these processes given.Authors are grateful to Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (research project “Multistage processes for the integral benefit of macroalgae and vegetable biomass” with reference CTM2015-68503) and to the CITACA Strategic Partnership ED431E 2018/07 (Xunta de Galicia, Spain), these programs partially funded by FEDER of European Union. Pablo G. del Río is grateful to the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain for his FPU research grant (FPU16/04077). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit, the BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte, the MultiBiorefinery project (POCI01–0145-FEDER-016403), the AlgaePlas (FCT, project PTDC/BII-BIO/29242/2017) and the Biomass and Bioenergy Research Infrastructure (PINFRA/22059/2016).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Volatiles from Coriandrum sativum: comparation of in vitro and ex vitro grown plants

Coriandrum sativum (coriander) is commonly used, raw or cooked, in Portuguese Gastronomy. Coriander is also used in traditional medicine as a carminative and as a digestive aid. The fruits essential oil is used in food flavouring and in perfumery and is also responsible for the digestive and stimulant effect as well as for fungicide and bactericidal activity

Enose Lab made with vacuum sampling: Quantitative applications

Producción CientíficaA lab-made electronic nose (Enose) with vacuum sampling and a sensor array, comprising nine metal oxide semiconductor Figaro gas sensors, was tested for the quantitative analysis of vapor–liquid equilibrium, described by Henry’s law, of aqueous solutions of organic compounds: three alcohols (i.e., methanol, ethanol, and propanol) or three chemical compounds with different functional groups (i.e., acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate). These solutions followed a fractional factorial design to guarantee orthogonal concentrations. Acceptable predictive ridge regression models were obtained for training, with RSEs lower than 7.9, R2 values greater than 0.95, slopes varying between 0.84 and 1.00, and intercept values close to the theoretical value of zero. Similar results were obtained for the test data set: RSEs lower than 8.0, R2 values greater than 0.96, slopes varying between 0.72 and 1.10, and some intercepts equal to the theoretical value of zero. In addition, the total mass of the organic compounds of each aqueous solution could be predicted, pointing out that the sensors measured mainly the global contents of the vapor phases. The satisfactory quantitative results allowed to conclude that the Enose could be a useful tool for the analysis of volatiles from aqueous solutions containing organic compounds for which Henry’s law is applicable.Fundación para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FCT, Portugal) y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under Programme PT2020 - (grants UID/AGR/00690/2019 y LA/P/0007/2020

An insight on the role of photosensitizer nanocarriers for Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modality of cancer treatment in which tumor cells are destroyed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by photosensitizers following its activation with visible or near infrared light. The PDT success is dependent on different factors namely on the efficiency of the photosensitizer deliver and targeting ability. In this review a special attention will be given to the role of some drug delivery systems to improve the efficiency of tetrapyrrolic photosensitizers to this type of treatment.publishe

Sweet peppers discrimination according to agronomic production mode and maturation stage using a chemical-sensory approach and an electronic tongue

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105034.The demand for organic foods has increased worldwide, in particular due to the association with healthier, more nutritious and tasty products, being a clear trend on sweet peppers consumption. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of agronomic production mode (conventional and organic) and maturation stage (associated to green, turning and red colours) on the chemical-sensory attributes of peppers grown in open field. It was found that organic peppers had a better visual/tactile aspect (greater firmness and more intense colours) but lower chemical quality (lower titratable acidity and total soluble solids). On the other hand, red peppers (higher maturation stage) had lower visual-tactile quality but higher chemical quality. From sensory analysis, conventional peppers had better overall aspect, colour intensity-homogeneity and brightness. Then again, the maturation stage of peppers mostly influenced the sensory visual attributes, being turning colour peppers the less appreciated, although organic red peppers were less succulent and had a lower global quality. Even so, the chemical-sensory parameters could be used to discriminate peppers taking into account the agronomic production mode and the maturation stage/colour (79±12% of correct classifications for the repeated K-fold cross-validation procedure). However, a trained sensory panel is required, which can be a major drawback considering their scarcity. This limitation was successfully overcome by using a potentiometric electronic tongue, which allowed discriminating the peppers with a higher predictive sensitivity (85±9%), showing that this device could be used as an accurate taste sensor for the qualitative analysis of sweet peppers.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Program PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and to CEB (UIDB/04469/2020) units and to BioTecNorte operation (NORTE‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 ‐ Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Nuno Rodrigues thanks to National funding by FCT- Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Enose lab made with vacuum sampling: quantitative applications

A lab-made electronic nose (Enose) with vacuum sampling and a sensor array, comprising nine metal oxide semiconductor Figaro gas sensors, was tested for the quantitative analysis of vapor–liquid equilibrium, described by Henry’s law, of aqueous solutions of organic compounds: three alcohols (i.e., methanol, ethanol, and propanol) or three chemical compounds with different functional groups (i.e., acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate). These solutions followed a fractional factorial design to guarantee orthogonal concentrations. Acceptable predictive ridge regression models were obtained for training, with RSEs lower than 7.9, R2 values greater than 0.95, slopes varying between 0.84 and 1.00, and intercept values close to the theoretical value of zero. Similar results were obtained for the test data set: RSEs lower than 8.0, R2 values greater than 0.96, slopes varying between 0.72 and 1.10, and some intercepts equal to the theoretical value of zero. In addition, the total mass of the organic compounds of each aqueous solution could be predicted, pointing out that the sensors measured mainly the global contents of the vapor phases. The satisfactory quantitative results allowed to conclude that the Enose could be a useful tool for the analysis of volatiles from aqueous solutions containing organic compounds for which Henry’s law is applicable.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FED-ER under Programme PT2020 for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio