WS9.3 Reduced physical activity participation is associated with increased need for hospitalisation in adults with cystic fibrosis

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The K600 Focal Plane Polarimeter

This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440

Synthesis of boronic ester γ‐lactam building blocks

Saturated heterocycles are found widely in biologically active compounds such as medicinal drugs and agrochemicals. However, boronic acid‐derived building blocks for these structures have limited availability, particularly in comparison to heteroaromatic boronic acids. We report the preparation of boronic ester γ‐lactams through a Cu‐catalysed conjugate borylation‐cyclisation protocol. Using a chiral catalyst, this can be performed in high enantioselectivity. Exploration of the further transformations of these reagents suggest that the boronic esters have much potential as chemical building blocks

Comparison of immune responses in parenteral FaeG DNA primed pigs boosted orally with F4 protein or reimmunized with the DNA vaccine

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Orbital pacing of the Early Jurassic carbon cycle, black-shale formation and seabed methane seepage

The Early Jurassic (ca 201 to 174 Ma) was marked by a series of rapid perturbations in climate, the environment and global geochemical cycles, which have been linked to volcanic outgassing and the release of biogenic or thermogenic methane into the ocean–atmosphere system. The state of the global carbon cycle and prevailing climatic and environmental conditions that existed at this time are, however, poorly constrained. Here, mudrocks of the Lower Sinemurian Arietites bucklandi ammonite Biozone at coastal exposures at Kilve, Somerset, UK, have been studied. This succession includes laminated organic-rich black shales, which are present throughout the Bristol Channel Basin, and coincides with a 2 to 3‰ negative carbon-isotope excursion, distinct changes in inferred land vegetation and abundant marine prasinophytes (green algae). The event itself does not represent a single perturbation of the regional environment, but follows in a sequence of eccentricity-modulated, precession-paced perturbations that occur throughout the preceding Hettangian stage, with the periodic formation of organic-rich laminated black shales in the Bristol Channel Basin. However, the Early Sinemurian event studied herein is more extreme in nature, with sedimentary total organic carbon values of 5 to 11% persisting over about 2 m, representing ca 100 kyr, possibly in phase with short (ca 100 kyr) and long (ca 405 kyr) eccentricity forcing. The formation of methane-seep carbonate-cemented mounds took place relatively soon after the deposition of laminated black shales. Biogenic methane probably formed in response to microbial methanogenesis in the organic-rich black shale, which was subsequently channelled to the sediment–water interface approximately 5 m above the source bed, and ca 200 kyr after cessation of formation of the black shale

The journey so far : professional sport during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND : The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted community and professional sports. Throughout this time, sports organisations collaborated closely with the WHO, host national governments and their public health authorities. The common goals were to assess risk and to implement risk reduction measures to facilitate a stepwise return to sport, thus realising the physical and mental health benefits of sport for the participants, as well as the safe resumption of competitive events despite active SARS-CoV-2 transmission in many countries.https://bmjopensem.bmj.comSports Medicin

Yap1 promotes sprouting and proliferation of lymphatic progenitors downstream of Vegfc in the zebrafish trunk

Lymphatic vascular development involves specification of lymphatic endothelial progenitors that subsequently undergo sprouting, proliferation and tissue growth to form a complex second vasculature. The Hippo pathway and effectors Yap and Taz control organ growth and regulate morphogenesis and cellular proliferation. Yap and Taz control angiogenesis but a role in lymphangiogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Here we show that YAP displays dynamic changes in lymphatic progenitors and Yap1 is essential for lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish. Maternal and Zygotic (MZ) yap1 mutants show normal specification of lymphatic progenitors, abnormal cellular sprouting and reduced numbers of lymphatic progenitors emerging from the cardinal vein during lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, Yap1 is indispensable for Vegfc-induced proliferation in a transgenic model of Vegfc overexpression. Paracrine Vegfc-signalling ultimately increases nuclear YAP in lymphatic progenitors to control lymphatic development. We thus identify a role for Yap in lymphangiogenesis, acting downstream of Vegfc to promote expansion of this vascular lineage.Lin Grimm, Hiroyuki Nakajima, Smrita Chaudhury, Neil I Bower, Kazuhide S Okuda, Andrew G Cox, Natasha L Harvey, Katarzyna Koltowska, Naoki Mochizuki, Benjamin M Hoga