The histology of ovarian cancer: worldwide distribution and implications for international survival comparisons (CONCORD-2)

Objective Ovarian cancers comprise several histologically distinct tumour groups with widely different prognosis. We aimed to describe the worldwide distribution of ovarian cancer histology and to understand what role this may play in international variation in survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival. Data on 681,759 women diagnosed during 1995â\u80\u932009 with cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum and retroperitonum in 51 countries were included. We categorised ovarian tumours into six histological groups, and explored the worldwide distribution of histology. Results During 2005â\u80\u932009, type II epithelial tumours were the most common. The proportion was much higher in Oceania (73.1%), North America (73.0%) and Europe (72.6%) than in Central and South America (65.7%) and Asia (56.1%). By contrast, type I epithelial tumours were more common in Asia (32.5%), compared with only 19.4% in North America. From 1995 to 2009, the proportion of type II epithelial tumours increased from 68.6% to 71.1%, while the proportion of type I epithelial tumours fell from 23.8% to 21.2%. The proportions of germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, other specific non-epithelial tumours and tumours of non-specific morphology all remained stable over time. Conclusions The distribution of ovarian cancer histology varies widely worldwide. Type I epithelial, germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumours are generally associated with higher survival than type II tumours, so the proportion of these tumours may influence survival estimates for all ovarian cancers combined. The distribution of histological groups should be considered when comparing survival between countries and regions

Lancet

BACKGROUND: In 2015, the second cycle of the CONCORD programme established global surveillance of cancer survival as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems and to inform global policy on cancer control. CONCORD-3 updates the worldwide surveillance of cancer survival to 2014. METHODS: CONCORD-3 includes individual records for 37.5 million patients diagnosed with cancer during the 15-year period 2000-14. Data were provided by 322 population-based cancer registries in 71 countries and territories, 47 of which provided data with 100% population coverage. The study includes 18 cancers or groups of cancers: oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, prostate, and melanoma of the skin in adults, and brain tumours, leukaemias, and lymphomas in both adults and children. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were rectified by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: For most cancers, 5-year net survival remains among the highest in the world in the USA and Canada, in Australia and New Zealand, and in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. For many cancers, Denmark is closing the survival gap with the other Nordic countries. Survival trends are generally increasing, even for some of the more lethal cancers: in some countries, survival has increased by up to 5% for cancers of the liver, pancreas, and lung. For women diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for breast cancer is now 89.5% in Australia and 90.2% in the USA, but international differences remain very wide, with levels as low as 66.1% in India. For gastrointestinal cancers, the highest levels of 5-year survival are seen in southeast Asia: in South Korea for cancers of the stomach (68.9%), colon (71.8%), and rectum (71.1%); in Japan for oesophageal cancer (36.0%); and in Taiwan for liver cancer (27.9%). By contrast, in the same world region, survival is generally lower than elsewhere for melanoma of the skin (59.9% in South Korea, 52.1% in Taiwan, and 49.6% in China), and for both lymphoid malignancies (52.5%, 50.5%, and 38.3%) and myeloid malignancies (45.9%, 33.4%, and 24.8%). For children diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ranged from 49.8% in Ecuador to 95.2% in Finland. 5-year survival from brain tumours in children is higher than for adults but the global range is very wide (from 28.9% in Brazil to nearly 80% in Sweden and Denmark). INTERPRETATION: The CONCORD programme enables timely comparisons of the overall effectiveness of health systems in providing care for 18 cancers that collectively represent 75% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide every year. It contributes to the evidence base for global policy on cancer control. Since 2017, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has used findings from the CONCORD programme as the official benchmark of cancer survival, among their indicators of the quality of health care in 48 countries worldwide. Governments must recognise population-based cancer registries as key policy tools that can be used to evaluate both the impact of cancer prevention strategies and the effectiveness of health systems for all patients diagnosed with cancer. FUNDING: American Cancer Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Swiss Re; Swiss Cancer Research foundation; Swiss Cancer League; Institut National du Cancer; La Ligue Contre le Cancer; Rossy Family Foundation; US National Cancer Institute; and the Susan G Komen Foundation

Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): a population-based study of individual data for 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries

Background Global inequalities in access to health care are reflected in differences in cancer survival. The CONCORD programme was designed to assess worldwide differences and trends in population-based cancer survival. In this population-based study, we aimed to estimate survival inequalities globally for several subtypes of childhood leukaemia. Methods Cancer registries participating in CONCORD were asked to submit tumour registrations for all children aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with leukaemia between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2009, and followed up until Dec 31, 2009. Haematological malignancies were defined by morphology codes in the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third revision. We excluded data from registries from which the data were judged to be less reliable, or included only lymphomas, and data from countries in which data for fewer than ten children were available for analysis. We also excluded records because of a missing date of birth, diagnosis, or last known vital status. We estimated 5-year net survival (ie, the probability of surviving at least 5 years after diagnosis, after controlling for deaths from other causes [background mortality]) for children by calendar period of diagnosis (1995-99, 2000-04, and 2005-09), sex, and age at diagnosis (< 1, 1-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, inclusive) using appropriate life tables. We estimated age-standardised net survival for international comparison of survival trends for precursor-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Findings We analysed data from 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries. During 1995-99, 5-year agestandardised net survival for all lymphoid leukaemias combined ranged from 10.6% (95% CI 3.1-18.2) in the Chinese registries to 86.8% (81.6-92.0) in Austria. International differences in 5-year survival for childhood leukaemia were still large as recently as 2005-09, when age-standardised survival for lymphoid leukaemias ranged from 52.4% (95% CI 42.8-61.9) in Cali, Colombia, to 91.6% (89.5-93.6) in the German registries, and for AML ranged from 33.3% (18.9-47.7) in Bulgaria to 78.2% (72.0-84.3) in German registries. Survival from precursor-cell ALL was very close to that of all lymphoid leukaemias combined, with similar variation. In most countries, survival from AML improved more than survival from ALL between 2000-04 and 2005-09. Survival for each type of leukaemia varied markedly with age: survival was highest for children aged 1-4 and 5-9 years, and lowest for infants (younger than 1 year). There was no systematic difference in survival between boys and girls. Interpretation Global inequalities in survival from childhood leukaemia have narrowed with time but remain very wide for both ALL and AML. These results provide useful information for health policy makers on the effectiveness of health-care systems and for cancer policy makers to reduce inequalities in childhood survival

Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000–14 (CONCORD-3) : analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries

Background Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0–14 years) and adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000–14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0–24 years). Methods We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3 that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0–14 years), adolescents (15–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs, using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the analysis. Findings 164563 young people were included in this analysis: 121328 (73·7%) children, 22963 (14·0%) adolescents, and 20272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010–14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28205 [68·2%] patients) and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010–14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than 85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to ≥80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to ≥70% in most high-income countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000–14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young adults in most countries. Interpretation This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators of the quality of cancer management in this age group.peer-reviewe

Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000–2014 (CONCORD-3)

Background: Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology. Methods: We analyzed individual data for adults (15–99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000–2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. Results: The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010–2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%–38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000–2004 and 2005–2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40–70 years than among younger adults. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines

Bull Cancer

INTRODUCTION: Incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence are key indicators to assess public health policies and estimate the needs of the population for cancer management. The aim of this article is to provide the more current estimates of these indicators, in line with the fifteenth operational objective of the 2014-2019 Cancer Plan "Collect data/Support Public Health". METHODS: Incidence and survival data came from cancer registries. Mortality data came from the French epidemiology center on medical causes of death. Prevalence was estimated by using incidence and survival estimates. RESULTS: In metropolitan France in 2017, the estimated number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths was respectively 399,500 and 150,000. The most frequent cancers (breast, prostate) had highest net survivals: 78 and 84% at 10 years. Several cancers (including lung, liver and pancreatic cancers) had worse prognosis (5-year survival</=33%). In 2017, 1,396,000 men and 1,359,000 women had cancer in the previous 15 years, representing respectively 5.4% and 4.8% of the population aged 15 and over. DISCUSSION: Despite the decrease of cancer mortality, the prognosis of some cancers remains poor and the cancer prevalence is high. These results highlight the need for intensifying the efforts already made in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and justify the interest in the post-cancer period

Complications De L\'épaule De L\'hémiplégique Vasculaire : Prévalence Et Facteurs Associés Au Sein D\'une Population De Cérébrolésés Vasculaires Au Chu D\'abidjan (Côte D\'ivoire)

Objectif Evaluer la fréquence des complications de l\'épaule de l\'hémiplégique vasculaire et identifier les facteurs associés à ces complications Méthodes C\'est une étude prospective réalisée entre Juin et Octobre 2005 au Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Cocody (Abidjan, Cote d\'Ivoire). Elle concerne des patients admis en consultation de rééducation fonctionnelle (RF) ou en hospitalisation de neurologie. Résultats Cinquante patients âgés en moyenne de 56,6 ± 13,4 ans (extrêmes de 29 et 85 ans) avec un sexe ratio de 1,17 en faveur des femmes, recrutés le plus souvent en RF (60%) ont été inclus dans cette étude. Ils avaient un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) principalement ischémique (72%), qui évoluait en moyenne depuis 11,3 ± 12,9 semaines. Parmi eux 28 (56%) avaient une complication de l\'épaule qui était : une douleur (DL, n=25), un syndrome épaule-main (SEM, n=10) ou une subluxation (SUB, n=18). Ces complications étaient associées dans 46,4% des cas. Ces patients étaient plus âgés, avaient un AVC plus ancien, un index moteur du membre supérieur plus faible mais un niveau d\'autonomie globale semblable à celui des patients sans complications. Ni l\'âge, ni la durée d\'évolution de l\'AVC n\'était différent selon le type de complication diagnostiqué. La fonctionnalité était associé à la SUB (dans 72,2% des SUB le Frenchay arm test était égal à 0 vs 37,5% chez les patients sans SUB p=0,02) tandis que le tonus des adducteurs du bras était associé à la DL (dans 40% des DL le tonus des adducteurs était égal à 1 vs 84% chez les patients ne présentant pas de DL p=0,006). Conclusion L\'épaule douloureuse de l\'hémiplégique est donc une complication fréquemment retrouvée dans notre étude. Des études ultérieures seront utiles pour conforter la fréquence de ces complications, l\'impact des différents facteurs qui semblent s\'y associer et analyser les possibilités de prise en charge tant curative que préventive dans notre milieu Objective To assess the frequency of shoulder complications among subjects with vascular hemiplegia and to identify factors associated with these complications. Methods Conducted between June and October 2005 at the teaching hospital of Cocody (Abidjan, Cote d\'Ivoire), this prospective survey concerned outpatients of rehabilitation unit (FS) and inpatients of neurology unit. Results Fifty patients with an average age of 56.6 ± 13, 4 years (ranged from 29 to 85), a sex ratio of 1.17 in favour of females, mainly recruited in the rehabilitation unit (60%) were included in this study. They had a stroke, mainly ischemic (72%), which progressed in average for 11, 3 ± 12.9 weeks. Among them 28 (56%) had a shoulder complication which was: a shoulder pain (SP, n=25), a shoulder-hand syndrome (n=10), or a glenohumeral joint subluxation (SUB, n=18). These complications were associated in 46.4% of cases. These patients were older, had a stroke progressing for a more long time, a lower pectoral limb motor index but a global self-sufficiency not different from the one of patients without shoulder complications. Neither age nor stroke progress duration was different according to the type of complication diagnosed. The functionality was associated with SUB (in 72,2% of SUB cases the Frenchay arm test was null vs 37,5% among patients without SUB p=0.02) while tonus was associated with pain (in 40% of SP cases the spasticity was scored 1 at the Aswhorth scale vs 84% among patients without SP p=0.006). Conclusion In our study hemiplegic shoulder pain were predominant. Further studies will be necessary in order to precise the prevalence of these complications, the relations with variable factors and to discuss the treatment best adapted to our social and professional environment. Keywords: Stroke ; Shoulder pain ; Shoulder-hand syndrome, Glenohumeral joint subluxation; AfricaAfrican Journal of Neurological Sciences Vol. 27 (1) 2008: pp. 11-1

Survie des personnes atteintes de cancers solides en France métropolitaine, 1989-2013

International audienc