In vitro and in planta fungicide properties of ozonated water against the esca-associated fungus Phaeoacremonium aleophilum

Ozone could be used as a sanitary agent in the food and agricultural industries. The present study investigates whether ozonated water could be used to control conidia dispersal of the esca-associated fungus Phaeoacremonium aleophilum. The fungicide properties of ozonated water was firstly assessed in vitro by exposing spores to several concentrations of ozonated water (2.2, 4.5, or 13.5g/m3 of ozone dissolved into water) and observing the germination rate on plate. Secondarily an in planta approach was conducted on grapevine cuttings of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon clone 15. P. aleophilum conidia were inoculated in pruning wounds, which then received ozonated (4.5g/m3) or sterile water. P. aleophilum DNA was quantified by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) 4 and 9 weeks post-inoculation. The effect of ozonated water on plant-defense gene expression was monitored by reverse-transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR) 48h post treatment. The results indicate that ozonated water totally suppresses spore germination in vitro. In addition, at 9 weeks post-inoculation, fungal development was significantly reduced by 50% in planta. RT-qPCR analysis shows that ozonated water did not induce plant-defense-related genes 48h post treatment. The fungicide properties of ozonated water and the absence of gene induction in planta make however ozonated water a promising candidate for limiting grapevine infection by P. aleophilum in nurseries

En ville, sans ma voiture ! Evaluation du 22 septembre 2000 : résultats et analyses

A partir des enquêtes, des observations et des entretiens réalisés dans une douzaine de villes françaises et plusieurs villes étrangères, les principaux enseignements de la journée sont les suivants :- l'opinion publique locale est toujours très favorable à ce type d'opération (plus de 80 %), à l'exception des commerçants ; ce niveau de satisfaction est élevé dans tous les pays d’Europe, même s’il l’est un peu moins en Allemagne (autour de 70 %).- la fréquentation du centre ville est d’un niveau équivalent à un jour ordinaire, avec quelques disparités dans certaines villes selon les types de commerces ou de services, et les grandes surfaces périphériques n’ont pas plus de clients qu’un jour ordinaire;- l’usage de la bicyclette et de la marche s’accroît ainsi que la fréquentation des transports collectifs ;- en matière d’environnement, la baisse du niveau de bruit et surtout le changement d’ambiance sonore est apprécié par les citadins. On constate une baisse de pollution dans les périmètres réservés. Par contre, cette journée a peu d’influence sur les niveaux de pollution de fond

Chikungunya Virus Infection during Pregnancy, Réunion, France, 2006

Except for prenatal hospital admissions for those infected, this virus had no effect on outcomes

Complete exon sequencing of all known Usher syndrome genes greatly improves molecular diagnosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Usher syndrome (USH) combines sensorineural deafness with blindness. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive mode. Early diagnosis is critical for adapted educational and patient management choices, and for genetic counseling. To date, nine causative genes have been identified for the three clinical subtypes (USH1, USH2 and USH3). Current diagnostic strategies make use of a genotyping microarray that is based on the previously reported mutations. The purpose of this study was to design a more accurate molecular diagnosis tool.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We sequenced the 366 coding exons and flanking regions of the nine known USH genes, in 54 USH patients (27 USH1, 21 USH2 and 6 USH3).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Biallelic mutations were detected in 39 patients (72%) and monoallelic mutations in an additional 10 patients (18.5%). In addition to biallelic mutations in one of the USH genes, presumably pathogenic mutations in another USH gene were detected in seven patients (13%), and another patient carried monoallelic mutations in three different USH genes. Notably, none of the USH3 patients carried detectable mutations in the only known USH3 gene, whereas they all carried mutations in USH2 genes. Most importantly, the currently used microarray would have detected only 30 of the 81 different mutations that we found, of which 39 (48%) were novel.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on these results, complete exon sequencing of the currently known USH genes stands as a definite improvement for molecular diagnosis of this disease, which is of utmost importance in the perspective of gene therapy.</p

Impact of Chikungunya Virus Infection on Health Status and Quality of Life: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND:Persistent symptoms, mainly joint and muscular pain and depression, have been reported several months after Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Their frequency and their impact on quality of life have not been compared with those of an unexposed population. In the present study, we aimed to describe the frequency of prolonged clinical manifestations of CHIKV infection and to measure the impact on quality of life and health care consumption in comparison with that of an unexposed population, more than one year after infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:In a retrospective cohort study, 199 subjects who had serologically confirmed CHIKV infection (CHIK+) were compared with 199 sero-negative subjects (CHIK-) matched for age, gender and area of residence in La Réunion Island. Following an average time of 17 months from the acute phase of infection, participants were interviewed by telephone about current symptoms, medical consumption during the last 12 months and quality of life assessed by the 12-items Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) scale. At the time of study, 112 (56%) CHIK+ persons reported they were fully recovered. CHIK+ complained more frequently than CHIK- of arthralgia (relative risk = 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.6-2.2), myalgia (1.9; 1.5-2.3), fatigue (2.3; 1.8-3), depression (2.5; 1.5-4.1) and hair loss (3.8; 1.9-7.6). There was no significant difference between CHIK+ and CHIK- subjects regarding medical consumption in the past year. The mean (SD) score of the SF-12 Physical Component Summary was 46.4 (10.8) in CHIK+ versus 49.1 (9.3) in CHIK- (p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the two groups for the Mental Component Summary. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:More than one year following the acute phase of infection, CHIK+ subjects reported more disabilities than those who were CHIK-. These persistent disabilities, however, have no significant influence on medical consumption, and the impact on quality of life is moderate

David Horsley

Né en 1874, cet Anglais fonde sa première compagnie cinématographique, la Centaur Film, avec Ludwig G. B. Erb. Ils se séparent en 1910 et la Centaur disparaît momentanément. Avec son frère William, David crée alors en 1911 la Nestor Film Company, que dirige Al Christie, et fait construire les premiers studios de cinéma à Hollywood (fin octobre 1911). En mai 1912, David, président de la Nestor, vend sa compagnie à Universal et reprend la Centaur Film dont les studios n’étaient pas à Hollywood ..

Andy Clyde

Né le 25 mars 1892 à Blairgewril (Écosse), Andy débute dans le vaudeville, puis est engagé chez Mack Sennett en 1919 grâce à son ami et compatriote James Finlayson. Rapidement, il forme avec Billy Bevan un tandem parfaitement rodé, puis, en 1928-1929, est associé à Harry Gribbon. Assez rarement en vedette, il incarne des rôles très variés : clochard ahuri, inventeur farfelu, père plus ou moins libidineux, vieux juge ronchon. Andy passe, en 1932, chez Educational, puis à la Columbia en 1934 po..

(James) Paul Parrott

Frère aîné de Charley Chase, James Parrott est né le 2 août 1892. Il débute comme gagman en octobre 1917 dans la série que tourne Harold Lloyd. Il apparaît aussi quelquefois comme acteur pour Roach aux côtés de la vedette, comme dans Don’t Shove (1917). Comme son contrat lui en donne le droit, il travaille aussi pour d’autres compagnies comme la Fox : en 1918, il joue dans un long métrage, Big Town, drame avec Eileen Percy et Kenneth Gibson. Mobilisé, sa carrière d’acteur s’arrête pendant plu..

L’école Mack Sennett

Le choix de ces trois comédiens pour représenter la plus prestigieuse école du burlesque s’est imposé rapidement. Billy Bevan débute tardivement chez le Canadien, en 1920, mais va rester une dizaine d’années avec lui. Presque tous ses films sont des réussites : ce clown jovial et lunatique, comédien type de l’écurie Sennett, semble avoir particulièrement inspiré scénaristes et gagmen. Ben Turpin est aussi incontournable que Billy : le « Frenchman » est sans doute le comédien le plus célèbre d..