THE PUNITIVE DISTINCTION ON GROUNDS OF SEX IN THE PENAL CODE OF SPAIN AND THE ORGANIC LAW 1/2004 OF 28 DECEMBER ON INTEGRAL PROTECTION MEASURES AGAINST GENDER VIOLENCE

The aim of this article is to examine the punitive differences after come into force of the law 1/2004 of 28 of december, (LVG) because this law protect only women and not men, studying the differences in the law enforcement, and what criminal consequences will have, in every single case, depending on the victim, if it’s a woman or if it’s a man.In order to research the objective and fulfill tasks set the research project, the applied methods during the research progress are the following: analytical, inductive, logical, systemical. Also the method of the analysis of literature, the comparative legal method and theoretical method of research to investigate, analyse and summarize information of publications.The methods chosen are very important in analysing the Spanish law, case law materials to opinions of legislator and law scientists.Supported by the inductive and comparative method is used in order to make it able to analyse individual aspects of the law 1/2004 and the criminal laws its application and consequences in differents cases, from several theorethical conclusions.The logical and analytical method was used in order to study content of the law, its protections to the victims and punishment and if with its application the society is better and secure for everyone, analyzing the effects in the citizens.The overall object of this article “The punitive distinction on grounds of sex in the penal code and the organic law 1/2004 of 28 december on integral protection measures against gender violence” is a national human rights interests, however the direct object is national interests in the field of domestic violence and violence against the women, and the protection of the woman in the society and her freedom and development as a human being. Moreover the the application of this law creates social conflicts, make deeper the differences between man and woman and it doesn’t solve effectively the problem of the violence against the women.The subject matter of this article is the Spanish Criminal law in connection with the violence against women and its effective application and using different methods to check if the principle of equality in the law and of sexes is applied in Spain in an egalitarian and fair way. The most common cases are the physical and psychic aggressions, threats and coercion, and this is what the law 1/2004 and the Spanish criminal code try to sorted out.Also, this law is strong criticized by many sectors, and in this article it’s defended the position  that this law should be applied to both sexes, without distinction and so, to try to convert the society in a space of equality and justice.The main conclusion shows that actually in Spain, the society is suffering a very unfair law, specially for men, and does not help really to women when they are assaulted.It must to be changed this law, being applied to everyone without exceptions, that’s means, without making differences between  woman and man

THE MEDIATION IN THE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AS A WAY OF NON-JURISDICTIONAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN SPAIN

The aim of this article is to expose, explain and examine the mediation in the domestic violence as a way to solve the problems without using the traditional methods as the court. Many countries trust and use already the mediation as a methods to solve to conflicts between people and even in the personal relationship with positives results. The EU, thought its Recommendation has adviced that the mediation it is a really good way that very country should use to sorted out the problems even when there is cases of domestic violence and family matters, reflecting that the society should have this tools to fix the problems without going always to the court. In order to research the objective and fulfill tasks set the research project, the applied methods during the research progress are the following: historical research, analytical, inductive, logical, systemical. Also the method of the analysis of literature, the comparative legal method and theoretical method of research to investigate, analyse and summarize information of publications. The methods chosen are very important in analysing the development of the differents resolutions of several international organizations and Conventions, that shows the way chosen throught the years about mediation. The logical and analytical method was used in order to study content of the different countries laws and its experiences how to solved problems with the mediation. The overall object of this article “The mediation in the domestic violence as a way non jurisdictional of resolution of conflicts” is to show that its possible to use another alternatives ways to solve the conflicts not just in the civil cases but also in criminal cases and specially in family. The main conclusion shows that, the mediation is a very useful tool in order to solve and to fix conflicts in many spheres as civil, http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v4i85.3668 business, family, in criminal cases, as in the violence domestic. The mediator must to have a training before starts the activities, like the specific program in Latvia for it. Thus, the E.U. is trying to convince the European states that the mediation as a method should be applied in every country helping the traditional ways to resolve conflicts

Maternal Deaths in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2000–2003

The study describes the characteristics of maternal deaths in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2000–2003. After investigation by public-health services, 217 maternal deaths were identified among predominantly non-white (48.9%), single (57.1%) women aged 29.6±7.3 years on average. Direct obstetric causes corresponded to 77.4% of the maternal deaths, mainly due to hypertensive disorders. HIV-related diseases accounted for 4% of the maternal deaths. Almost three-fourths of the mothers who died were aged 20–39 years, although the highest risk of maternal death corresponded to the age-group of 40–49 years (248.9 per 100,000 livebirths). The socioeconomic and demographic profiles of maternal deaths in the city of Rio de Janeiro reflected a vulnerable social situation. Appropriate interventions aimed at reducing maternal mortality need to encompass all women of childbearing age, irrespective of the magnitude of the risk of maternal death

Os usos da matemática por jovens e adultos imersos no mundo digital e as possibilidades de criação de propostas pedagógicas

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (especialização)—Universidade Aberta do Brasil, Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Curso de Especialização em Educação na Diversidade e Cidadania, com Ênfase em EJA, 2010.Hoje não se pode mais negar que as Tecnologias da Informação e da comunicação (TIC's) são as marcas da sociedade contemporânea e estão implicadas nas mudanças das formas de ser, pensar, relacionar-se, comunicar-se e aprender dos indivíduos. Este projeto de intervenção está sintonizado com as políticas de reformas no ensino e de incentivo à utilização de tecnologia informática na educação como forma de repensar o ensino, os lugares de docente e estudante, bem como sua interação e propor alternativas ao modelo escolar tradicional. O trabalho .enfoca o processo de implementação de ambientes informatizados em escolas públicas do DF, especialmente no Centro de Ensino fundamental 09 de Taguatinga, analisando a prática docente e suas possíveis alterações quando do contato com formas de ensinar que utilizam tecnologias informáticas. Parte-se do pressuposto que a familiarização com o computador pode trazer contribuições ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática à medida que a importância do cálculo mecânico e da simples manipulação simbólica é relativizada. Na EJA é preciso vislumbrar uma Educação Matemática que considere e valorize as experiências pessoais e culturais dos alunos como fatores extremamente importantes, a fim de tornar o ensino dessa disciplina mais relevante e significativo. A matemática na educação de jovens e adultos, não pode ser um ensino fora do contexto cultural, declarando-a como absoluta, abstrata e universal, pois essa visão é a principal razão para os fracassos da grande maioria dos alunos nesta disciplina. É possível tornar o acesso ao conhecimento matemático simples, o que difere de um fazer simplista. Ou seja, propiciar aos alunos uma aprendizagem matemática que lhes permita estabelecer relações com outras áreas do conhecimento. Nesta perspectiva, a formação matemática na Educação de Jovens e Adultos deve propor atividades que considerem características exploratórias e investigativas, priorizando os procedimentos desenvolvidos pelos estudantes. O computador passa a ser um grande aliado do desenvolvimento cognitivo dos alunos, servindo como fonte de informação e ferramenta para realizar determinadas atividades e desenvolvendo atitudes positivas diante do estudo dessa disciplina

Hysteroscopy and pain: what risk factors should we consider in office hysteroscopy? are there really any?

Background: Office hysteroscopy is the gold standard in abnormal uterine bleeding and an indispensable tool in modern gynecology. It is becoming increasingly popular leading to examinations and even operations without anesthesia as it is accurate, cheap and well tolerated. However, pain is still a limitation. The objective of the study was to determine if pain perception is linked to clinical predictors and how well they correlate with pain score.Methods: Prospective observational trial enrolled one hundred and four women; four cases were excluded. One hundred cases were included and analyzed. Selection criteria: patients scheduled for Office Hysteroscopy who accepted to participate and had no contraindication for procedure.Results: A ten centimeter visual analogue scale was used for pain evaluation. Presumed variables such as menopause, pelvic pain, previous cesarean section and cervical surgery, and body mass index were analyzed by ordered regression using standard statistical software tools.Conclusions: Correlation between predictive factors and pain reporting showed no significance (p>0.05) except for body mass index which was found to significantly correlate to discomfort (p<0.05)

Uma abordagem para o projeto de sistemas de excitação

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica

Espalhamento magneto-Raman ressonante em semicondutor polar

Orientador: Roberto LuzziDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb WataghinResumo: Neste trabalho discutimos o espalhamento Raman pelo sistema eletron-fónon LO na presença de um campo magnético constante no qual são os fonons os responsáveis diretos pelo processo. Estudamos um material semicondutor tipo n com pequena massa efetiva para campos tais que a frequência de ciclotron ( wc ) é aproximadamente igual a frequência da radiação incidente ( wl ) e daquela espalhada ( ws ). Para isso desenvolvemos um tratamento teórico onde, através de um. formalismo de matriz S e técnicas de propagadores no espaço dos momentos determinamos a Intensidade Integrada de espalhamento e a vida média dos estados eletrônicos. Completamos o trabalho com uma aplicação ao caso Específico do InSb onde discutimos uma série de pontos interessantes. Não são incluídos efeitos de temperaturaAbstract: Not informedMestradoFísicaMestre em Físic

Avaliação do crescimento inicial das cultivares recomendadas de arroz em comparação ao arroz vermelho

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Risk factors for overweight among adolescents: analysis of three Brazilian cities

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of risk factors for overweight among adolescents from three Brazilian cities, Pelotas, São Paulo and Goiânia. METHODS: The three datasets derived from case-control studies that investigated risk factors for overweight/obesity among adolescents from the three cities. Adolescents were classified as overweight when body mass index exceeded the 85th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics. Multivariate analysis using a hierarchical logistic regression model was performed. RESULTS: A total of 903 postpubertal adolescents were studied (443 cases and 460 controls). The unadjusted analysis combining the 3 datasets improved the power of associations when males and females were addressed separately. Maternal education 4 hours was significantly associated with females' overweight but not males'; consumption of visible fat from meat increased the risk of overweight among boys by 70% while the consumption of fried foods had a negative association with girls' body mass index. Finally, alcohol consumption was significantly and inversely associated with overweight among boys only. CONCLUSION: Postpubertal girls from families with lower educational levels should receive special attention when strategies to prevent and control overweight are planned and executed.OBJETIVO: Realizar análise comparativa de fatores de risco para sobrepeso em adolescentes de três cidades brasileiras, Pelotas, São Paulo e Goiânia. MÉTODOS: Os três bancos de dados são provenientes de estudos com delineamento do tipo caso-controle, que investigaram fatores de risco para sobrepeso/obesidade entre adolescentes das três cidades. Classificaram-se os adolescentes como sobrepeso quando o Índice de Massa Corporal estava acima do percentil 85 em relação ao padrão de referência do National Center for Health Statistcs. Procedeu-se à análise multivariada com modelo hierárquico de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 903 adolescentes pós-púberes (443 casos e 460 controles). A análise não-ajustada dos três bancos de dados combinados aumentou o poder das associações quando meninos e meninas foram considerados separadamente. Educação materna menor ou igual a 8 anos duplicou o risco de sobrepeso entre meninas; obesidade dos pais esteve fortemente associada ao sobrepeso dos adolescentes; tempo de televisão maior ou igual a 4 horas associou-se ao sobrepeso apenas entre meninas; consumo de gordura visível da carne aumentou o risco de sobrepeso entre os meninos em 70% e consumo de frituras apresentou associação inversa entre as meninas. Finalmente, o consumo de álcool esteve significante e inversamente associado ao sobrepeso entre meninos. CONCLUSÃO: Meninas pós-púberes, provenientes de famílias com baixa escolaridade, devem receber atenção especial durante o planejamento e a execução de estratégias de prevenção e controle do sobrepeso.Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeInstituto de Pesquisas em Tecnologia e InovaçãoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

Maternal Deaths in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2000-2003

The study describes the characteristics of maternal deaths in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2000- 2003. After investigation by public-health services, 217 maternal deaths were identified among predominantly non-white (48.9%), single (57.1%) women aged 29.6\ub17.3 years on average. Direct obstetric causes corresponded to 77.4% of the maternal deaths, mainly due to hypertensive disorders. HIV-related diseases accounted for 4% of the maternal deaths. Almost three-fourths of the mothers who died were aged 20-39 years, although the highest risk of maternal death corresponded to the age-group of 40-49 years (248.9 per 100,000 livebirths). The socioeconomic and demographic profiles of maternal deaths in the city of Rio de Janeiro reflected a vulnerable social situation. Appropriate interventions aimed at reducing maternal mortality need to encompass all women of childbearing age, irrespective of the magnitude of the risk of maternal death