Sumos detox e efeitos na saúde: perceção do consumidor

Os sumos detox são uma nova tendência alimentar e estão associados a um estilo de vida saudável. São utilizados como substitutos de refeições ou mesmo de um ou mais dias alimentares. Consoante os ingredientes que fazem parte da sua constituição são-lhes atribuídos diversos benefícios como: fonte de vitaminas e minerais, poder desintoxicante, poder drenante e coadjuvantes na eliminação de gorduras e perda de peso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a perceção do consumidor relativamente aos efeitos na saúde associados ao consumo de sumos detox. Foi desenvolvido e aplicado um questionário online, disponibilizado por e-mail e através das redes sociais. Este questionário foi aplicado a 285 indivíduos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 84 anos, dos quais 76,1% pertencem ao sexo feminino e 23,9% ao sexo masculino. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que 97,9% dos inquiridos já ouviram falar em sumos detox mas apenas 90,2% sabem no que estes consistem. Relativamente ao seu consumo, 48,8% dos inquiridos já os consumiram pelo menos uma vez e 51,2% nunca os experimentaram. As principais vantagens associadas a estes sumos foram: poder desintoxicante (64,9%), capacidade de repor os constituintes em défice no organismo, como vitaminas e minerais (56,8%) e capacidade drenante (35,1%). Os resultados indicam também que 67,4% da população inquirida considera que estes sumos não constituem uma boa opção para substituir refeições uma vez que não fornecem os nutrientes necessários ao organismo (56,8%), não fornecem a energia necessária (38,5%) e/ou não são saciantes (24,9%). Dos 32,6% que os consideram adequados para serem utilizados como substitutos de refeições, 68,8% refere o seu consumo a meio da manhã apropriado para este efeito. Os benefícios nutricionais associados, com maior frequência, a estes sumos foram a sua riqueza vitamínica (80,7%) e o seu poder de hidratação (61,4%). Em conclusão, verificou-se que a maioria da população inquirida já ouviu falar em sumos detox mas apenas metade já os consumiu, pelo menos uma vez. A maior parte dos inquiridos considera que estes não constituem uma boa opção para substituir refeições mas associam-lhe diferentes tipos de benefícios.Este trabalho foi financiado pelo INSA no âmbito do projeto BioCOMP (2012DAN730). Tânia Gonçalves Albuquerque agradece a Bolsa de Doutoramento (SFRH/BD/99718/2014) financiada por FCT, FSE e MEC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Soil Chemical Attributes Of A Dystroferric Red Latosol (oxisol) Treated With An Alkaline Effluent From A Pharmaceutical Industry

Effluents from different industrial supply conglomerates are often discarded in the environment without proper treatment. The concern for an economically viable industrial production line, which is both environmentally sound and socially acceptable, is increasing. Some of these effluents are alkaline in nature and may be used as an alternative to chemical conditioners for acidic soils in agricultural systems. This research aimed to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol) after application of an effluent from a pharmaceutical industry. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using PVC tubes of 1-m length and a 0.2-m diameter filled with soil and different doses of the effluent. After 3 days, 100 mm of water was applied to each treatment. The PVC tubes were incubated for 30 days; thereafter, the tubes disassembled, and soil chemical analysis were made at different soil depths: 0-0.2, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-0.6, 0.6-0.8, and 0.8-1.0 m. The effluent applications significantly altered the soil elements in the 0-0.2 m layer, increasing the concentrations of K+, P, Mn2+, Na+, Cu2+, H+, Ca2+, Al3+ and the soil pH. In the subsurface layers, the concentration of the elements Zn2+, Cu2+, K+, and Na+ also changed significantly. In general, the application of pharmaceutical industry residue improved soil chemical attributes.3753037304

Investigating the structural, morphological, dielectric and electric properties of the multiferroic (La0.8Ca0.2)0.9Bi0.1FeO3 material

The (La0.8Ca0.2)0.9Bi0.1FeO3 (LCBFO) compound has been synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and electrical impedance spectrometry. XRD results revealed that (La0.8Ca0.2)0.9Bi0.1FeO3 crystals are orthorhombic, belonging to the Pnma space group. The SEM measurements showed that the sample presents a large distribution of nano-grains connected to each other. The relaxation process and the electrical conductivity are awarded to the same type of charge carriers characterized by similar values of the activation energy determined from loss factor tangent tg δ( ), the imaginary part of the permittivity and from the Modulus spectrum. The ac-conductivity was analysed to examine the conduction mechanism, using the Jonscher’s universal power-law given by: = +σ ω σ Aω( )ac dc s. Based on the parameter s behavior, the conductivity was studied according to the NSPT model (non-overlapping small polaron tunneling).publishe

Análisis funcional y cinemático de la marcha en un paciente con lesión medular lumbar incompleta

Este estudio de investigación pretende analizar la evolución de la marcha en un paciente con lesión medular incompleta, tras ser sometido a un programa de entrenamiento de la marcha de forma asistida con soporte parcial del peso corporal con el sistema Lokomat®. Para ello se ha realizado una exploración física y funcional con las escalas de evaluación más utilizadas a éste nivel, conjuntamente con el análisis videográfico, permitiéndonos observar correlaciones entre los datos obtenidos en los apartados de pasos por minuto, velocidad y longitud de paso. Para poder corroborar estos datos, se ha realizado un estudio cinemático utilizando dos cámaras de alta definición, con una velocidad de filmación fijada en 100 imágenes por segundo, procesadas directamente a un ordenador, y realizando la Transformación de 2D a 3D, con el método Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) dado por el Performance Analysis System (APAS).The aim of this research study is to analyze the evolution of gait in a patient with incomplete lumbar spine injury, who was placed on an assisted gait training program with partial body-weight support using the Lokomat® system. A physical and functional assessment was carried out taking into account standard evaluation scales together with video analysis, which allowed us to observe correlations between the data collected for steps per minute, step speed and step length. To corroborate these data, a kinematic study was carried out using two high-resolution cameras with a shooting speed fixed at 100 images per second. Images were transferred directly to a computer and converted from 2D to 3D using the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method in the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS).Peer Reviewe

The Mythology of Game Theory

Non-cooperative game theory is at its heart a theory of cognition, specifically a theory of how decisions are made. Game theory\u27s leverage is that we can design different payoffs, settings, player arrays, action possibilities, and information structures, and that these differences lead to different strategies, outcomes, and equilibria. It is well-known that, in experimental settings, people do not adopt the predicted strategies, outcomes, and equilibria. The standard response to this mismatch of prediction and observation is to add various psychological axioms to the game-theoretic framework. Regardless of the differing specific proposals and results, game theory uniformly makes certain cognitive assumptions that seem rarely to be acknowledged, much less interrogated. Indeed, it is not widely understood that game theory is essentially a cognitive theory. Here, we interrogate those cognitive assumptions. We do more than reject specific predictions from specific games. More broadly, we reject the underlying cognitive model implicitly assumed by game theory

Population overlap and habitat segregation in wintering Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa

Distinct breeding populations of migratory species may overlap both spatially and temporally, but differ in patterns of habitat use. This has important implications for population monitoring and conservation. To quantify the extent to which two distinct breeding populations of a migratory shorebird, the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, overlap spatially, temporally and in their use of different habitats during winter. We use mid-winter counts between 1990 and 2001 to identify the most important sites in Iberia for Black-tailed Godwits. Monthly surveys of estuarine mudflats and rice-fields at one major site, the Tejo estuary in Portugal in 2005-2007, together with detailed tracking of colour-ringed individuals, are used to explore patterns of habitat use and segregation of the Icelandic subspecies L. l. islandica and the nominate continental subspecies L. l. limosa. In the period 1990-2001, over 66 000 Black-tailed Godwits were counted on average in Iberia during mid-winter (January), of which 80% occurred at just four sites: Tejo and Sado lower basins in Portugal, and Coto Dontildeana and Ebro Delta in Spain. Icelandic Black-tailed Godwits are present throughout the winter and forage primarily in estuarine habitats. Continental Black-tailed Godwits are present from December to March and primarily use rice-fields. Iberia supports about 30% of the Icelandic population in winter and most of the continental population during spring passage. While the Icelandic population is currently increasing, the continental population is declining rapidly. Although the estuarine habitats used by Icelandic godwits are largely protected as Natura 2000 sites, the habitat segregation means that conservation actions for the decreasing numbers of continental godwits should focus on protection of rice-fields and re-establishment of freshwater wetlands

The double Caldeira-Leggett model: Derivation and solutions of the master equations, reservoir-induced interactions and decoherence

In this paper we analyze the double Caldeira-Leggett model: the path integral approach to two interacting dissipative harmonic oscillators. Assuming a general form of the interaction between the oscillators, we consider two different situations: i) when each oscillator is coupled to its own reservoir, and ii) when both oscillators are coupled to a common reservoir. After deriving and solving the master equation for each case, we analyze the decoherence process of particular entanglements in the positional space of both oscillators. To analyze the decoherence mechanism we have derived a general decay function for the off-diagonal peaks of the density matrix, which applies both to a common and separate reservoirs. We have also identified the expected interaction between the two dissipative oscillators induced by their common reservoir. Such reservoir-induced interaction, which gives rise to interesting collective damping effects, such as the emergence of relaxation- and decoherence-free subspaces, is shown to be blurred by the high-temperature regime considered in this study. However, we find that different interactions between the dissipative oscillators, described by rotating or counter-rotating terms, result in different decay rates for the interference terms of the density matrix.Comment: 42 pages, 7 figures, new discussion added, typos adde

O Sistema Endocanabinóide – uma perspetiva terapêutica

Although the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa derivatives is well known since antiquity, the study of their properties expanded recently with the discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system, which comprises the endogenous cannabis-like ligands (endocannabinoids), the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and the enzymes involved in their metabolism. Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), the scientific community focused on research of its clinical use and achieved important findings during the last decade. In some countries, cannabis derivatives are a pharmacological option for appetite stimulation and pain treatment. However, the first ECS-based drug rimonabant (a CB1 antagonist), approved for the treatment obesity with associated risk factors, was withdrawn due to safety concerns. Nowadays, based on the growing evidences resulting from preclinical and clinical studies of ECS modulators, these drugs are currently pointed out as novel therapeutic approaches for several pathophysiological conditions. Here, we review the potential role of (endo)cannabinoid system in therapeutics and the recent designed strategies for the development of drugs that target this system. A utilização terapêutica da Cannabis sativa ou seus derivados é conhecida há muitos anos, no entanto, o estudo das suas propriedades despontou recentemente com a descoberta de um sistema canabinóide endógeno (ECS). O ECS compreende os compostos endógenos similares ao tetrahidrocanabinol (endocanabinóides), os recetores canabinóides (CB1 e CB2) e as enzimas envolvidas no seu metabolismo. Desde a descoberta do ECS, a comunidade científica focou-se na investigação do seu potencial clínico com resultados encorajadores. Em alguns países, os derivados da cannabis constituem uma opção farmacológica na estimulação do apetite e tratamento da dor. O primeiro medicamento baseado no ECS, o rimonabant (um antagonista CB1), foi aprovado para o tratamento da obesidade associada a outros fatores de risco, no entanto foi retirado por questões de segurança. Atualmente, e baseadas nos estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos, existem várias evidências do seu interesse clínico na modulação de diversas condições fisiopatológicas. Neste artigo discutimos o papel potencial do sistema (endo)canabinóide na terapêutica e as recentes estratégias desenvolvidas na modulação do sistema.