88 research outputs found

    Rapid casting y nuevas tecnologías en el proceso de microfundición

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    Siendo el prototipado rápido un método de fabricación diferente de los tradicionales en que no remueve o deforma material sino que lo agrega para obtener las piezas que se han diseñado, es utilizado no solamente en la fabricación de productos terminados sino también en la elaboración de herramientas para agilizar diferentes procesos de manufactura. Este artículo introduce el prototipado rápido como técnica de apoyo al proceso de microfundición. Se hace una descripción corta de las diferentes técnicas que se han implementado hasta el momento y los materiales que sirven para elaborar los artículos de las diversas etapas del proceso en las que prototipado rápido interviene.Rapid prototyping is a manufacturing process which is different to traditional methods as material is not removed or formed but added to obtain the designed pieces. It is not lust used for manufacturing finished products but in manufacturing tooling for speeding up other manufacturing processes. This paper introduces rapid prototyping as a support technique for the lost wax process (investment casting). It gives a brief description of the different techniques implemented to date and materials used for making articles as part of the lost wax process

    Despliegue de la función calidad (qfd): beneficios y limitaciones detectados en su aplicación al diseño de prótesis mioeléctrica de mano

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    La calidad, el costo y el tiempo de desarrollo de productos tienen un impacto directo en la productividad, en la participación del mercado y en la rentabilidad de la empresa. A medida que los usuarios alcanzan mayor conciencia sobre sus deseos, es necesario mayor nivel de calidad y una respuesta en el tiempo más rápida. Es decir, si se quiere ganar y mantener participación en el mercado, se debe llegar primero que la competencia con el producto o servicio que desea el cliente. Del balance y optimización que se logre entre calidad, costo y tiempo dependerá la participación en el mercado y el margen de rentabilidad alcanzado por la empresa. Por lo tanto, es importante implantar metodologías como el Despliegue de la función calidad, que permiten planificar el desarrollo de producto en la etapa temprana de diseño y por ende se logra establecer dicho equilibrio. El propósito de este artículo es presentar el desarrollo de la metodología QFD sus beneficios y limitaciones. Puesto que no sólo es importante conocer su desarrollo sino también ser consciente de los beneficios y limitaciones en el momento de aplicarla, con el fin de identificar la más viable de aplicar según las características de cada empresa.Quality, cost and time spent in developing products have a direct impact on a company's productivity, market share and profitability. Greater attention must be paid to quality and quicker responses made as customers become more aware of satisfying their longings. This means that a company must be first in delivering a product or service which customers desire if ti wishes to gain and maintain market share. A company's market share and profit margin will depend on the balance and optimisation achieved between quality, cost and time. It is thus important to implant a method like Quality Function Deployment (QFD) leading to planning product development during eartly design stages and consequently establish such equilibrium. This article's purpose is to present benefits and limitations regarding QFD; one should be aware of them and QFD development when identifying the most viable to be applied according to each company's inherent characteristics

    A comparative case study of the pre and post operative stress distribution in a dysplastic hip joint

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    This investigation aims to obtain and compare the stress distribution on a dysplastic residual hip joint on two scenarios: standing on two legs and single leg standing, before and after surgery, using finite elements analysis on a three-dimensional model constructed from CT scanning images of the patient

    Safety and effectiveness of isavuconazole in real-life non-neutropenic patients

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    Objectives: Information is scarce on clinical experiences with non-neutropenic patients with invasive fungal infection (IFI) receiving isavuconazole. We aimed to report the safety and effectiveness of this drug as a first-line treatment or rescue in real life. Methods: A retrospective, observational multicentric study of non-neutropenic patients who received isavuconazole as an IFI treatment at 12 different university hospitals (January 2018-2022). All patients met criteria for proven, probable or possible IFI according to EORTC-MSG. Results: A total of 238 IFIs were treated with isavuconazole during the study period. Combination therapy was administered in 27.7% of cases. The primary IFI was aspergillosis (217, 91.2%). Other IFIs treated with isavuconazole were candidemia (n = 10), mucormycosis (n = 8), histoplasmosis (n = 2), cryptococcosis (n = 2), and others (n = 4). Median time of isavuconazole treatment was 29 days. Only 5.9% (n = 14) of cases developed toxicity, mainly hepatic-related (10 patients, 4.2%). Nine patients (3.8%) had treatment withdrawn. Successful clinical response at 12 weeks was documented in 50.5% of patients. Conclusion: Isavuconazole is an adequate treatment for non-neutropenic patients with IFIs. Toxicity rates were low and its effectiveness was comparable to other antifungal therapies previously reported. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

    Estado del Arte de la Investigación en Educación, Pedagogía, Didáctica, Aportes teóricos a las discusiones educativas sobre la diversidad, y Diversidad en procesos de aprendizaje y transformación de la escuela en la MEVI – 2018 - 2021.

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    Elaborar un estado del arte de la investigación en la MEVI en relación con la educación, la pedagogía, la didáctica, los aportes teóricos a las discusiones educativas sobre la diversidad y la diversidad en procesos de aprendizaje y transformación de la escuela entre 2018 y 2021El presente estado del arte evidencia los intereses investigativos y las conceptualizaciones derivadas en el campo de la educación la pedagogía, la didáctica, los aportes teóricos a las discusiones educativas sobre la diversidad y la diversidad en procesos de aprendizaje y transformación de la escuela, en las investigaciones realizadas en el programa de Maestría en Educación Virtual (en adelante MEVI), de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios ( en adelante UNIMINUTO), entre los años 2018 y 2021. Este proyecto sombrilla, se desarrolla bajo la sub-línea de Procesos educativos para la diversidad y la transformación cultural se realiza bajo un enfoque cualitativo descriptivo a partir de una selección aleatoria de 160 tesis de la MEVI. En el capítulo 1 se presenta una contextualización sobre el proceso investigativo dentro de la MEVI. También, se presentan los estudios nacionales e internacionales relacionados con la investigación; al tiempo que se presenta en detalle el planteamiento de objetivos con la intención de lograr categorías de estudio

    Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

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    This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

    CIBERER: Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

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    13 páginas,1 figura, 3 tablas, 1 apéndice. Se extraen los autores pertenecientes a The CIBERER network que trabajan en Centros del CSIC del Appendix ACIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationPeer reviewe

    Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

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    Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

    Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

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    Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

    Rapid casting and new technologies in investment casting

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    Rapid prototyping is a manufacturing process which is different to traditional methods as material is not removed or formed but added to obtain the designed pieces. It is not lust used for manufacturing finished products but in manufacturing tooling for speeding up other manufacturing processes. This paper introduces rapid prototyping as a support technique for the lost wax process (investment casting). It gives a brief description of the different techniques implemented to date and materials used for making articles as part of the lost wax process
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