INCREASED EFFICIENCY IN MASSIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS BY PROGRAMMING SPEED PROFILES BETWEEN SEGMENTS

This study aimed to estimate the specific energy consumption in massive metro-type transport systems, with the aim of guiding the identification of projects aimed at increasing energy efficiency. To achieve the above purposes, this research focused on the estimation, through a software application, of the specific consumption of electrical energy. Results of simulations carried out with an application developed in MATLAB, to generate speed profiles in the operation of the train, allow to observe the sensitivity of the specific consumption of electrical energy to changes made in the cruising speed and in the acceleration and deceleration ramps. The results show that the specific consumptions depend to a large extent on the speed profiles and the operation of the metro, which opens an interesting field of application of optimization techniques aimed at the efficient use of energy.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar el consumo específico de energía en sistemas masivos de transporte tipo metro, con el objetivo de orientar la identificación de proyectos tendientes a incrementar la eficiencia energética. Para lograr los propósitos anteriores, esta investigación se centró en la estimación, a través de una aplicación de software, del consumo específico de energía eléctrica. Resultados de simulaciones realizadas con una aplicación desarrollada en Matlab, para generar perfiles de velocidad en la operación del tren, permiten observar la sensibilidad del consumo específico de energía eléctrica ante cambios realizados en la velocidad de crucero y en las rampas de aceleración y desaceleración. Los resultados muestran que los consumos específicos dependen en gran medida de los perfiles de velocidad y del funcionamiento del metro, lo que abre un interesante campo de aplicación de técnicas de optimización orientadas al uso eficiente de la energía

Importancia de la implementación de la regulación para el uso de energías renovables en Colombia

Artículo de investigaciónHoy en día, el cambio climático representa una amenaza real para la humanidad. La utilización irresponsable de los recursos naturales por la humanidad ha desplegado diferentes iniciativas en todo el mundo con el fin de evitar consecuencias fatales para el planeta. Entre las alternativas propuestas para reducir las emisiones tóxicas, las fuentes alternativas o las llamadas fuentes no convencionales de generación de energía eléctrica han surgido como la forma factible de reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles, que son una de las principales fuentes del agotamiento ambiental. En Colombia, el Decreto 1715 emitido en 2014 establece incentivos para la instalación de generación de energía no convencional dentro del país.32 p.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. SERVICIO PUBLICO DOMICILIARIO DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA 2. FUENTES NO CONVENCIONALES DE ENERGIA ELECTRICA 3. LEY 1715 SOBRE ENERGIA RENOVABLE EN COLOMBIA 4. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA REFERENCIASPregradoAbogad

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Flujo probabilistico de armónicos para evaluación del THD v y THD i en circuitos industriales de media tensión

Magíster en Ingeniería EléctricaMaestrí

Aplicación de estrategias didácticas enfocadas en aprendizaje activo en ingeniería. Estudio de caso para un espacio académico de sistemas de control

Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un estudio de caso relacionado con la aplicación de estrategias didácticas de aprendizaje activo en un espacio de sistemas de control de un programa de ingeniería. A pesar de identificar algunas dificultades para la obtención de mejores resultados en su aplicación, el análisis de las respuestas sobre la percepción que tienen los estudiantes acerca de estas didácticas novedosas, muestra que hay receptividad y que las mismas se constituyen en un medio interesante para que los alumnos, además de los contenidos y saberes estrictamente disciplinares, empiecen a pensar en aprendizajes relacionados con actitudes y habilidades

Methodology for the optimal implementation of solar generation systems for the integral and sustainable development of rural areas in Colombia

This document shows an analysis of different possible topologies for rural areas offering a methodology for the optimal implementation of solar generation systems leading to the best use of current technologies and end uses of photovoltaic energy, as a tool for integral and sustainable development of rural areas in Colombia. The document also applies an optimization technique for each of the proposed topologies. The results are very promising, since the control strategy is able to mitigate the increase in voltage with a better minimization of power loss and consumption of conventional energy. The proposed methodology was validated with several simulations that included a test with a simulator in real time

Development of a platform for analysis and characterization of power quality disturbances

In this work are presented three algorithms that form part of a platform for analysis and characterization of power quality disturbances in electric distribution systems. In the initial part are presented the fundamentals in that are based some recent works oriented to the optimal location of meters and the relative sags source location in an electric distribution network. The document continues with the description of three algorithms for optimal location of meters, relative sag sources (cause by failures, large motors connections, energizing of transformers and large capacitor banks) location and causes thereof which are tested in a real distribution feeder (FUNDIKOM circuit). The final part discusses the results and determines the effectiveness of algorithms

No. 38 - Enero/Marzo 1991 / PUBLICACIONES ICESI

Publicaciones Icesi No. 38 – Enero/Marzo 1991.CONTENIDO: Inteligencia artificial y sistemas expertos, Luis Eduardo Múnera Salazar -- Estado actual y tendencias de los departamentos de sistemas de las empresas grandes de Cali, Guillermo Londoño Acosta --Control de calidad en el software, Bahamón Lozano, José Hernando --Sistemas de información gerenciales: ¿Hechos reales o simplemente un juego de palabras?, Henry Arango Dueñas -- Fenómenos eléctricos imprevistos y cómo protegerse contra ellos, Jaime Gru Uchitel -- La última lecció, Alfonso Ocampo Londono y Luis Fernando Jaramillo Correa -- Reseñas bibliográficas

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791