Imagen social de las enfermeras en 1936: un antes y un después.

La profesionalización de los cuidados va ligada a la evolución social de la mujer y al nacimiento de la Enfermería como profesión en 1915. 1936 fue un año de cambios políticos y sociales que afectaron de una forma directa a las enfermeras, tanto a nivel laboral como formativo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido analizar la imagen de las enfermeras a través de la prensa en el año 1936, correspondiendo con el final de la Segunda República y el estallido de la Guerra Civil en España. Como fuente primaria, se han consultado todas las ediciones publicadas en el periódico El Norte de Castilla en el año 1936 seleccionando aquellos artículos que incluyeran información sobre la imagen de las enfermeras, el trabajo desempeñado, el papel de Cruz Roja y el impacto del conflicto en la profesión. Se han encontrado un total de 151 artículos considerados válidos por hacer alusión a noticias relacionadas con la situación sanitaria y se han agrupado por la información que aportan: imagen de las enfermeras, su formación, trabajo realizado y relatos de las mismas. Se ha formado un último grupo en el que se señalan noticias de interés sobre la profesión, pero que no se ubican en los temas anteriores, incluyendo la labor de Cruz Roja. Como conclusión, destaca la descripción de las enfermeras a través de la prensa con unos atributos representativos de mujer ideal por los estereotipos de la época, además del aumento de ofertas de trabajo con el estallido de la guerra y de la descripción de sus cuidados.Grado en Enfermerí

La Creación como alianza de Dios con toda la humanidad. La Creación obra conjunta del Padre, del Hijo y del Espíritu Santo

Aquest article examina la relació entre Déu i la Creació des de dues perspectives diferents, però complementàries. La primera part, articulada a partir dels conceptes de Creació – aliança, ofereix una perspectiva històrica i horitzontal d’aquesta relació. Des d’aquesta perspectiva, la Creació és considerada com l’atri i l’altar dels gentils (aliança per a tota la humanitat). La segona part ens en fa una mirada més ontològica i vertical des del desenvolupament de la teologia trinitària. El Déu que lliurement estableix la relació amb la Creació no és qualsevol déu, sinó el Déu trinitari. La relació històrica i horitzontal entre Déu i el món en termes de creació, aliança i resurrecció hem de fonamentar-la i aprofundir-la des de l’ésser trinitari de Déu, en una ontologia trinitària, i des de la relació pròpia que cada

Women Fighting Against Stereotypes

A lo largo de la historia, se ha reprimido a las mujeres de diversas maneras, tanto en su entorno familiar como en la sociedad en general. Esta represión se ha llevado a cabo de diferentes maneras, no solo mediante violencia y leyes que no favorecían a las mujeres sino también a través de una fuerte arma psicológica: los estereotipos. Los estereotipos establecen una norma que puede garantizar la aprobación social cuando se siguen, pero también un rechazo social cuando se desafían. Dado que normalmente excluyen a quienes no se atienen a ellos, a menudo es necesario luchar en contra de estos estereotipos para luchar por la libertad, y la literatura tradicionalmente ha sido en un elemento esencial en esta lucha. Este ensayo, que se centra en los estereotipos en torno a las mujeres y su lucha por la liberación, pretende analizar como el estereotipo de ‘La verdadera mujer’ es desafiado en dos novelas que pertenecen a distintas épocas, The Awakening (1899) de Kate Chopin y The Help (2009), escrita por Kathryn Stockett. Este análisis comparativo muestra que a pesar de que se habían logrado mejorías en los años que separan estos dos textos, la prevalencia del estereotipo de ‘La verdadera mujer’, con la represión que este implica, todavía es confrontado por esas mujeres que intentan vivir libremente y representar la imagen de la ‘Nueva Mujer’. En definitiva, muestra que a pesar de que los estereotipos pueden cambiar, siguen persistiendo y necesitan tenerse en cuenta, especialmente en sus manifestaciones literarias

Association of benzodiazepines, opioids and tricyclic antidepressants use and falls in trauma patients: Conditional effect of age

Introduction The relationship between benzodiazepines, opioids and tricyclic antidepressants and trauma is of great importance because of increased consumption and the growing evidence of a positive association among older adults. The objective of this study was to determine the effect size of the association between the consumption of psychotropic medications /opioids and falls in patients who have suffered trauma by studying the role of other variables in this relationship. Method From 2011 to 2016, the presence of benzodiazepines, opioids and tricyclic antidepressants and other drugs in 1060 patients admitted for trauma at a level I trauma hospital was analysed. Multivariate models were used to measure the adjusted effect size of the association between consumption of benzodiazepines, opioids and tricyclic antidepressants and falls, and the effect of age on this association was studied. Results A total of 192 patients tested positive for benzodiazepines, opioids and tricyclic antidepressants, with same-level falls being the most frequent mechanism of injury in this group (40.1%), with an odds ratio of 1.96 (1.40–2.75), p < 0.001. Once other covariates were introduced, this association was not observed, leaving only age, gender (woman) and, to a lesser extent, sensory conditions as variables associated with falls. Age acted as an effect modifier between benzodiazepines, opioids and tricyclic antidepressants and falls, with significant effect sizes starting at 51.9 years of age. Conclusions The association between the consumption of benzodiazepines, opioids and tricyclic antidepressants and falls in patients admitted for trauma is conditioned by other confounding variables, with age being the most influential confounding variable.The members of the GISyC group (SCG, CFA and ESM) are funded by “Programa Operativo FEDER Extremadura (2014-2020) y Fondo Europeo Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Grant number: GR18146. This work was supported by 4IE+ project (0499_4IE_PLUS_4_E) funded by the Interreg V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014- 2020 program

Experiencias técnicas del reciclado in situ con emulsión asfáltica de la capa de base de la carretera N-VI

Estas X Jornadas tuvieron lugar en Cáceres, del 6 al 8 de junio de 2006

Multi-task implementation of multi-periodic synchronous programs

International audienceThis article presents a complete scheme for the integration and the development of multi-periodic critical embedded systems. A system is formally specified as a modular and hierarchical assembly of several locally mono-periodic synchronous functions into a globally multi-periodic synchronous system. To support this, we introduce a real-time software architecture description language, named \prelude, which is built upon the synchronous languages and which provides a high level of abstraction for describing the functional and the real-time architecture of a multi-periodic control system. A program is translated into a set of real-time tasks that can be executed on a monoprocessor real-time platform with an on-line priority-based scheduler such as Deadline-Monotonic or Earliest-Deadline-First. The compilation is formally proved correct, meaning that the generated code respects the real-time semantics of the original program (respect of periods, deadlines, release dates and precedences) as well as its functional semantics (respect of variable consumption)

Exciton Transport and Strain Engineering in Atomically Thin Semiconductors

The explosive energy demand by the communication and information technologies sector in the age of artificial intelligence (AI) calls for increasingly efficient electronics. One promising alternative to the inefficient electron-based information processing paradigm are the electrically neutral, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs known as excitons. Unlike electronics, excitonics lack the inherent capacitive delays and the associated energy losses that contribute to electronic hardware's energy inefficiency. While this particular advantage makes excitonics a promising platform for highly efficient communication and information processing hardware, conventional semiconductor materials in their bulk form are highly polarizable and screen out the Coulomb interaction that keeps excitons bound. As a result, excitonic hardware based on conventional semiconductors require cryogenic temperature operation, rendering them impractical for large-scale applications. Motivated by these challenges, the research in this dissertation broadly focuses on exploring and leveraging the properties of excitons in a new class of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors known as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). TMD monolayers offer two fundamental advantages over conventional semiconductors. First, the reduced dielectric screening and strong Coulomb interactions stemming from their 2D nature lead to strongly bound excitons with binding energies one order of magnitude higher than that in conventional semiconductors. This property makes excitons in TMD monolayers remarkably stable at room temperature. Second, the band structure of TMD monolayers is highly sensitive to mechanical deformation, enabling the manipulation of excitons via engineered energy gradients by subjecting the monolayers to non-uniform strain fields. Specifically, this dissertation centers around three main aspects. First, the physical processes responsible for the deviation of diffusive transport of excitons in TMD monolayers from the conventional Fick's law of diffusion (anomalous diffusion), are investigated. The diffusion of excitons generated in tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayers is studied by monitoring the time evolution of their photoluminescence (PL) intensity distribution. The two mechanisms giving rise to anomalous diffusion in the WSe2 monolayers are the multi-capture and release of mobile excitons by traps, and the relaxation of the kinetic energy of excitons created non-resonantly. Both of these mechanisms lead to the nonlinear evolution of the mean squared displacement of the exciton distribution, which is a signature of sub-diffusive transport. Second, the control of the flow of excitons via non-uniform strain in a WSe2 monolayer is demonstrated by transferring it over a substrate with nanoscale features. The strain field is measured by mapping the PL spectra across the monolayer and calculating the resonance energy shift at the strained area relative to an unstrained point. The control of the flow was verified by exciting a Gaussian distribution of excitons at different points near the strained area of the WSe2 monolayer, and monitoring the peak of the distribution over time. In all instances, the distribution's peak shifts toward the highest strain point of the monolayer, demonstrating the flow of excitons on demand. Third, the signatures of quantum coherent effects in the nonlinear absorption spectrum of a molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) monolayer are identified via continuous-wave coherent optical spectroscopy. The nonlinear absorption spectrum of the MoSe2 monolayer reveals two unique coherent processes: excitation-induced many-body scattering, and population pulsation resonances. These effects can be leveraged to implement coherent control schemes for quantum information applications. These results represent a steppingstone in the development of hybrid quantum photonic-excitonic devices that meet the energy efficiency demands of the ongoing digital revolution fueled by the advent of AI.PHDApplied PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169754/1/dcordovi_1.pd

Las ciencias experimentales en Educación Infantil. "El huerto escolar".

La finalidad de este trabajo es incorporar las ciencias experimentales en el aula de Educación Infantil de una manera amena teniendo en cuenta las inquietudes e intereses de los alumnos de esta etapa educativa. A través de la metodología por proyectos tenemos la oportunidad de desarrollar el pensamiento crítico de nuestros alumnosGrado en Educación Infanti

Developing critical embedded systems on multicore architectures: the Prelude-SchedMCore toolset

International audienceIn this paper we present an end-to-end framework for the design and the implementation of embedded systems on a symmetric multicore. The developer first specifies the system using the \prelude language, a formal real-time architecture description language. The Prelude compiler then translates the program into a set of communicating periodic tasks that preserves the semantics of the original program. The schedulability analysis is performed by the SchedMCore analyzer. If the program is schedulable, it can finally be executed on the target multicore architecture using the \schedmcore execution environment