Hábitos alimentarios, su relación con el estado nutricional en escolares de la ciudad de Azogues

Introduction: there is sufficient scientific evidence that nutrition positively and negatively influences health throughout life. An inadequate diet from gestation is associated with retardation of growth, psychomotor and intellectual development, and an excessive diet leads to overweight, obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases.Objective: to determine the association of dietary habits and nutritional status based on anthropometric and dietary indicators of schoolchildren from the city of Azogues, Ecuador, 2016.Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with simple random sampling in children of both genders. They were given a form for the collection of data along with anthropometric assessment and the Krece Plus rapid nutritional test to determine their eating habits. The variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies, using Chi square test for the association between variables.Results: the prevalence of overweight was 20.3%; the predominance of obesity was 17.8% (Female: 13.7%, Male: 4.1%) and malnutrition due to deficit was 1.3% (Female: 0%, Male: 1.3%). Food habits reflect a frequency of 66% of the population with average quality of eating habits, 25.4% with low quality and only 8.57% with high quality of habits.Conclusions: overweight and obesity were closely related to eating habits and body mass index, so these factors must be taken into account in order to implement primary prevention policies that allow a decrease in the prevalence of these health problems.Introducción: existe suficiente evidencia científica de que la nutrición influye en la salud a lo largo de la vida. Una dieta insuficiente desde la gestación se vincula con retardo del crecimiento, desarrollo psicomotor e intelectual, y una dieta excesiva conduce a sobrepeso, obesidad y a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: estimar la asociación de los hábitos alimentarios y el estado nutricional en base a indicadores antropométricos y dietéticos en escolares de la ciudad de Azogues, Ecuador, 2016.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con muestreo aleatorio simple en niños de ambos sexos. Se aplicó un formulario de recolección de datos individuales y medidas antropométricas y el test nutricional rápido Krece Plus para determinar sus hábitos alimentarios.Resultados: La prevalencia del estado nutricional fue: sobrepeso 20.3 %; obesidad de 17.8 % con diferencia significativa en relación al sexo, p=0.0241 y malnutrición por déficit 1.3 %.  El 66.3% presentó hábitos alimenticios con calidad media, el 25.4 % con calidad baja y sólo un 8.3 % con alta calidad de hábitos. (Alto ≥ 9, medio 6 a 8, y bajo ≤ 5 puntos). Se evidenció asociación significativa entre el nivel nutricional (hábitos alimentarios) y el estado nutricional con p= 0001.Conclusiones: el sobrepeso y la obesidad tuvieron una estrecha relación con los hábitos alimenticios e índice de masa corporal, por lo que estos factores deben ser tomados en cuenta para implementar políticas de prevención primaria que permitan la disminución en la prevalencia de estos problemas de salud

Hábitos alimentarios, su relación con el estado nutricional en escolares de la ciudad de Azogues

Introduction: there is sufficient scientific evidence that nutrition positively and negatively influences health throughout life. An inadequate diet from gestation is associated with retardation of growth, psychomotor and intellectual development, and an excessive diet leads to overweight, obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases.Objective: to determine the association of dietary habits and nutritional status based on anthropometric and dietary indicators of schoolchildren from the city of Azogues, Ecuador, 2016.Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with simple random sampling in children of both genders. They were given a form for the collection of data along with anthropometric assessment and the Krece Plus rapid nutritional test to determine their eating habits. The variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies, using Chi square test for the association between variables.Results: the prevalence of overweight was 20.3%; the predominance of obesity was 17.8% (Female: 13.7%, Male: 4.1%) and malnutrition due to deficit was 1.3% (Female: 0%, Male: 1.3%). Food habits reflect a frequency of 66% of the population with average quality of eating habits, 25.4% with low quality and only 8.57% with high quality of habits.Conclusions: overweight and obesity were closely related to eating habits and body mass index, so these factors must be taken into account in order to implement primary prevention policies that allow a decrease in the prevalence of these health problems.Introducción: existe suficiente evidencia científica de que la nutrición influye en la salud a lo largo de la vida. Una dieta insuficiente desde la gestación se vincula con retardo del crecimiento, desarrollo psicomotor e intelectual, y una dieta excesiva conduce a sobrepeso, obesidad y a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: estimar la asociación de los hábitos alimentarios y el estado nutricional en base a indicadores antropométricos y dietéticos en escolares de la ciudad de Azogues, Ecuador, 2016.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con muestreo aleatorio simple en niños de ambos sexos. Se aplicó un formulario de recolección de datos individuales y medidas antropométricas y el test nutricional rápido Krece Plus para determinar sus hábitos alimentarios.Resultados: La prevalencia del estado nutricional fue: sobrepeso 20.3 %; obesidad de 17.8 % con diferencia significativa en relación al sexo, p=0.0241 y malnutrición por déficit 1.3 %.  El 66.3% presentó hábitos alimenticios con calidad media, el 25.4 % con calidad baja y sólo un 8.3 % con alta calidad de hábitos. (Alto ≥ 9, medio 6 a 8, y bajo ≤ 5 puntos). Se evidenció asociación significativa entre el nivel nutricional (hábitos alimentarios) y el estado nutricional con p= 0001.Conclusiones: el sobrepeso y la obesidad tuvieron una estrecha relación con los hábitos alimenticios e índice de masa corporal, por lo que estos factores deben ser tomados en cuenta para implementar políticas de prevención primaria que permitan la disminución en la prevalencia de estos problemas de salud

Eating habits: their relationship with the nutritional status of schoolchildren in the city of Azogues, Ecuador

Introduction: there is sufficient scientific evidence that nutrition positively and negatively influences health throughout life. An inadequate diet from gestation is associated with retardation of growth, psychomotor and intellectual development, and an excessive diet leads to overweight, obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: to determine the association of dietary habits and nutritional status based on anthropometric and dietary indicators of schoolchildren from the city of Azogues, Ecuador, 2016. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with simple random sampling in children of both genders. They were given a form for the collection of data along with anthropometric assessment and the Krece Plus rapid nutritional test to determine their eating habits. The variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies, using Chi square test for the association between variables. Results: the prevalence of overweight was 20.3%; the predominance of obesity was 17.8% (Female: 13.7%, Male: 4.1%) and malnutrition due to deficit was 1.3% (Female: 0%, Male: 1.3%). Food habits reflect a frequency of 66% of the population with average quality of eating habits, 25.4% with low quality and only 8.57% with high quality of habits. Conclusions: overweight and obesity were closely related to eating habits and body mass index, so these factors must be taken into account in order to implement primary prevention policies that allow a decrease in the prevalence of these health problems

Academic stress and learning results in medical students

Introduction: academic demands behave like stressors leading to student stress, an experience is shown. Objective: to evaluate the possible association between levels of academic stress and learning results in students of the second academic year of medicine at  Cuenca Catholic University - Azogues Venue. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out involving 72 students of both genders. The SISCO inventory was applied to determine academic stress levels. Normal or low learning performance was established by the final average of points of the total number of subjects. Differences and associations between variables were determined by means of the proportions test and X2, respectively. Results: there were no significant differences between genders in learning performance or levels of academic stress. High levels of stress significantly predominated among the total number of students with respect to low level and in the female gender. Levels of academic stress and learning performance were not associated with gender. Students with normal learning performance were found in higher percentages, while those with high levels of academic stress had significantly higher percentages (p ≤ 0.05), who showed low learning performance. Stress levels were significantly associated with learning performance. Conclusions: high levels of academic stress were found among the students participating in this study, which evidenced a negative influence on their learning performance

Estrés académico y resultados docentes en estudiantes de medicina

Introduction: academic demands behave like stressors leading to student stress, an experience is shown.Objective: to evaluate the possible association between levels of academic stress and learning results in students of the second academic year of medicine at  Cuenca Catholic University - Azogues Venue.Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out involving 72 students of both genders. The SISCO inventory was applied to determine academic stress levels. Normal or low learning performance was established by the final average of points of the total number of subjects. Differences and associations between variables were determined by means of the proportions test and X2, respectively.Results: there were no significant differences between genders in learning performance or levels of academic stress. High levels of stress significantly predominated among the total number of students with respect to low level and in the female gender. Levels of academic stress and learning performance were not associated with gender. Students with normal learning performance were found in higher percentages, while those with high levels of academic stress had significantly higher percentages (p ≤ 0.05), who showed low learning performance. Stress levels were significantly associated with learning performance.Conclusions: high levels of academic stress were found among the students participating in this study, which evidenced a negative influence on their learning performance.IIntroducción: las exigencias académicas se comportan como estresores conducentes al estrés estudiantil, se muestra una experiencia. Objetivo: evaluar la posible asociación entre niveles de estrés académico y resultados docentes en estudiantes del segundo ciclo de medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Sede Azogues.Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a 72 alumnos de ambos géneros. Se aplicó el inventario SISCO para determinar niveles de estrés. El rendimiento docente normal o bajo se estableció por el promedio final de puntos del total de asignaturas. Las diferencias y asociaciones entre variables se determinaron por medio del test de proporciones y X2, respectivamente.Resultados: entre géneros no existieron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento docente ni por niveles de estrés. El nivel de estrés alto predominó significativamente entre el total de estudiantes respecto al bajo y en el género femenino. Los niveles de estrés y de rendimiento docente no se asociaron al género. Los estudiantes con rendimiento docente normal se encontraron en porcentajes más altos, mientras que aquellos con nivel de estrés académico alto, en un porcentaje significativamente superior (p ≤ 0,05) tuvieron rendimiento docente bajo. Los niveles de estrés se asociaron significativamente al rendimiento docente.Conclusiones: entre los estudiantes participantes se manifiestan altos niveles de estrés académico que evidencian una influencia negativa en su rendimiento docente

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality