Gender differences in responses to speed cameras: Typology findings and implications for road safety

Automated speed cameras in England and Wales have become a very common means of enforcement of speed limit breaches in most police force areas, but they are not without controversy despite the majority of public opinion behind them. Research in the mid-1990s showed that drivers responded to speed cameras in one of several key ways, and the typology of responses produced was linked with drivers’ characteristics. Now that women comprise more than 4 out of 10 licensed drivers in England and Wales, it is timely to revisit the earlier research by considering the gender characteristics of the driver typology, and this paper contrasts the results longitudinally with those obtained from a 2003 survey that inter alia explored similar issues. The implications for road safety of the behavioural and attitudinal differences noted by gender (and age) are discussed, especially in the context of risk-based control policies and the term ‘drivers’. This latter aspect is achieved by way of a brief analysis of national newspaper articles

Periodontal Health of Anterior Teeth with Two Types of Fixed Retainers

Introduction: Fixed retainers for anterior teeth have become a popular method for maintaining the position and function of teeth after orthodontic treatment. Various retainer designs, wire sizes and types have been used over the years. One problem with fixed retainers is that they complicate oral hygiene and therefore might negatively affect the periodontal tissues if left in place for long periods of time. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the periodontal health of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth retained with two different types of fixed retainers. Methods: Male and female subjects who had been in continuous orthodontic fixed retention for between 2-4 years were recruited from a single, private orthodontic practice in southwestern British Columbia. The periodontal health of the anterior teeth of 39 subjects with a wave retainer and 35 subjects with a straight retainer between the ages of 13-22 were evaluated. Pocket probing depths, bleeding on probing, plaque index, calculus index, recession and gingival crevicular fluid volume were recorded and compared to determine if there was any significant difference between the two groups. Additionally, a ten-question oral hygiene survey to assess each subject\u27s oral hygiene habits was given to each subject at the time of data collection. Results: The Independent Samples Median Test and Mann-Whitney U test indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid volume, calculus index and pocket probing depths. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in recession and bleeding on probing between the groups. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated a statistically significant difference in the reported frequency of flossing (P =0.006) and ease of flossing (P =0.000), with the wave retainer group reporting flossing more frequently and with greater ease. Using the Mann-Whitney U test there was no significant difference between the groups for reported frequency of brushing and comfort of retainer. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, no difference was found in the periodontal health of anterior teeth retained with a straight or wave retainer for a period of 2-4 years following orthodontic treatment. Subjects reported an increase in frequency and ease of flossing for the fixed wave retainer compared to those with a straight retainer

The use of MCQs within team based learning: choosing the right approach to foster student learning

Team Based Learning (TBL) is a learning and assessment strategy that aims to foster learning through the facilitation and development of group cohesiveness which transforms small groups into effective learning teams. It is based on four principles: large teams; student accountability; use of assignments which promote learning and team development and frequent and immediate feedback. The latter two are the focus of this presentation. An outline of the how TBL operates in the classroom will be presented following which there will be a focus on assessment strategies. The key assessment strategy used in TBL is the multiple choice test (MCQ) which is used to assess the extent to which students have engaged with the pre-sessional learning activities. This is known as the readiness assurance test (RAT) and focusses on the understanding of key concepts. Students take the test individually (iRAT), and then take the same test as a group (tRAT). Each group is encouraged to discuss, to debate, to refer back to pre-sessional material, to propose, justify and eventually come to a group decision on what they believe to be the correct answer. Immediate feedback is a key feature of the RATs. MCQs as a commonly used assessment technique is re-visited in the context of its use in TBL. The challenges and benefits of different approaches to the MCQ tests are considered and the factors which influenced the final decision about which approach to use are discussed. The importance of immediacy of feedback in TBL is also outlined. Within the TBL process, following the iRAT and the tRAT, students work in groups on an application activity such as a case study following which each group will make a specific decision based on the information provided, drawing on their collective knowledge, understanding and ability to apply concepts covered in the pre-sessional learning materials. Groups report simultaneously on the choice made and the decision making process. It will be argued that TBL is a teaching and learning strategy which, through the use of specific learning and assessment activities, gives students immediate and on-going feedback and insight into their performance, promotes higher order learning and facilitates the development of interpersonal skills which are particularly appropriate for students on professional programmes

Alien Registration- Corbett, Delia I. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/25223/thumbnail.jp

Performativity and counter-performativity of a knowledge strategy discourse

CAHIER DE RECHERCHE n°2012-01 E1Performativity refers to the ability to "do things with words" (Austin, 1962). Latour (1996) suggested that management sciences are probably the most performative of all sciences as they design their objects. This piece of research asks what do strategy discourses "do" in an organization and how? Looking at the production, dissemination and consumption of a "knowledge strategy" in a multinational company, we explore how the knowledge strategy discourse and texts are interpreted, appropriated, transformed, and sometimes resisted in ways that influence their performative effect

Free-Sorting of Colors Across Cultures: Are there Universal Grounds for Grouping?

These studies examined naming and free-sorting behavior by informants speaking a wide range of languages, from both industrialized and traditional cultures. Groups of informants, whose color vocabularies varied from 5 to 12 basic terms, were given an unconstrained color grouping task to investigate whether there are systematic differences between cultures in grouping behavior that mirror linguistic differences and, if there are not, what underlying principles might explain any universal tendencies. Despite large differences in color vocabulary, there were substantial similarities in grouping behavior across language groups, and substantial within-language variation across informants. It seems that all informants group stimuli based on some criterion of perceptual similarity, but those with large color vocabularies are more likely to group stimuli in line with their basic color terms. The data are best accounted for by a hybrid system that combines a universal principle of grouping by similarity with culture-specific category salience

Disentangling a dynamical Higgs

The pattern of deviations from Standard Model predictions and couplings is different for theories of new physics based on a non-linear realization of the $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge symmetry breaking and those assuming a linear realization. We clarify this issue in a model-independent way via its effective Lagrangian formulation in the presence of a light Higgs particle, up to first order in the expansions: dimension-six operators for the linear expansion and four derivatives for the non-linear one. Complete sets of pure gauge and gauge-Higgs operators are considered, implementing the renormalization procedure and deriving the Feynman rules for the non-linear expansion. We establish the theoretical relation and the differences in physics impact between the two expansions. Promising discriminating signals include the decorrelation in the non-linear case of signals correlated in the linear one: some pure gauge versus gauge-Higgs couplings and also between couplings with the same number of Higgs legs. Furthermore, anomalous signals expected at first order in the non-linear realization may appear only at higher orders of the linear one, and vice versa. We analyze in detail the impact of both type of discriminating signals on LHC physics.Comment: Version published in JHE

The importance of cancer patients' functional recollections to explore the acceptability of an isometric-resistance exercise intervention: A qualitative study

Background and Aims: Although it has been widely recognized the potential of physical activity to help cancer patients' preparation for and recovery from surgery, there is little consideration of patient reflections and recovery experiences to help shape adherence to exercise programs. The aim was to explore the acceptability of our newly proposed isometric exercise program in a large general hospital trust in England providing specialist cancer care by using patient recollections of illness and therapy prior to undertaking a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Four Focus groups (FGs) were conducted with cancer survivors with an explicit focus on patient identity, functional capacity, physical strength, exercise advice, types of activities as well as the timing of our exercise program and its suitability. Thematic framework analysis was used with NVivo 11. Results: FG data was collected in January 2016. A total of 13 patients were participated, 10 were male and 3 were female with participants' ages ranging from 39 to 77. Data saturation was achieved when no new information had been generated reaching “information redundancy.” Participants reflected upon their post-surgery recovery experiences on the appropriateness and suitability of the proposed intervention, what they thought about its delivery and format, and with hindsight what the psychological enablers and barriers would be to participation. Conclusion: Based upon the subjective recollections and recovery experiences of cancer survivors, isometric-resistance exercise interventions tailored to individuals with abdominal cancer has the potential to be acceptable for perioperative patients to help increase their physical activity and can also help with emotional and psychological recovery