Search hours for food attractant by Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults in guava orchards

Abstract Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) are considered the main pests of Brazilian fruit production. Understanding the behavior of species is of great importance for the success of management strategies. This study was to determine the period and search time by attractive food for A. fraterculus and C. capitata adults by using three commercial food attractants: BioAnastrepha™ 5%; Isca Samaritá Tradicional™ 5% and Ceratrap™ 1.5%. The largest catches of A. fraterculus and C. capitata adults in McPhail traps occurred during the day between 6:30 am and 6:30 pm for both species. The BioAnastrepha™ food attractant provided the largest catches compared to Isca Samaritá Tradicional™ and Ceratrap™. In addition, there was a higher prevalence of capturing females than males, for both flies’ species. The period of largest search activity for food attractant was observed from 12h:31 pm to 04:30 pm for A. fraterculus and C. capitata, time of greatest temperature on the day. The definition of the period of largest activity of A. fraterculus and C. capitata adults in the field helps in the elaboration of management strategies to be adopted

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Conifer Evolution and the Ecological Expansion of Flowering Plants in the Mesozoic

The Mesozoic era, spanning ~252 to 66 million years ago (Ma), was an important time period in the early evolution of the major plant lineages that dominate modern ecosystems. The origins of the seven living conifer families (e.g., cypresses, pines) can be traced back to at least the beginning of the Jurassic (>200 Ma). They were a diverse and prominent part of global vegetation throughout most of the Mesozoic, and the living members of these families still thrive in many areas today. The flowering plants appeared in the Early Cretaceous (~135 Ma) and rapidly diversified and rose to dominate most lowland warm ecosystems by the time the dinosaurs went extinct. The rise of flowering plants transformed plant communities into their more modern form, as forests once dominated by conifers and other groups became dominated by flowering plants. This body of work addresses three different aspects of the evolution of plants and ecosystems since the Mesozoic. Chapter one examines the evolution of conifer dispersal strategies from the perspective of the structural adaptations and functional morphology of conifer diaspores (the seed plus other dispersing structures), Seed dispersal is an important process that shapes the distribution of plants and the biotic interactions within ecosystems. This chapter examines macroevolutionary patterns in conifer dispersal ecology by mapping diaspore characteristics across the conifer phylogeny and evaluating the frequency and direction of transitions in dispersal strategies. These analyses reveal multiple examples of convergence and divergence in dispersal strategies, particularly for seed dispersal by wind and animals. The inferred ancestral dispersal characteristics are evaluated in the context of the Mesozoic fossil record, which demonstrates that dispersal strategies were varied and complex even during the early evolution of conifers. Chapter two investigates the early evolution of the Cupressaceae (cypress family), a diverse and ecologically important conifer family with pan-hemisphere distribution. The early diverging lineages of the family were once diverse and important components of Mesozoic ecosystems, but are now represented by relatively few species with disjunct distributions (e.g., redwoods). The fossil history of the Cupressaceae is investigated through the description of an Early Jurassic (~179 Ma) species from Patagonia, Argentina based on foliage, pollen cones, and seed cones. This species is one of the oldest records for the family based on multiple organs, and provides context for evaluating the early structural evolution and biogeographical history of the family.Chapter three focuses on the evolution of plant community structure during the ecological expansion of flowering plants. After their origination in the equatorial region, flowering plants increased in diversity as they spread towards higher latitudes. The timing of their ecological takeover of communities by abundance, or biomass, and the resulting changes in community structure have been less well understood than their diversity increases. This critical period in plant evolution is investigated by reconstructing a 74.6 Ma fossil forest from south-central New Mexico, which existed in a moist-wet megathermal (= "tropical") climate. The fossil flora is one of the most diverse known from leaf macrofossils, and is the oldest flora for which the ecologically dominance of flowering plants has been demonstrated across a floodplain. In contrast to modern forests in similar climates, conifers still formed a major component of the canopy in the fossil flora. This non-analog flora provides novel insights into geographic and temporal patterns in the ecological turnover of plant communities, and the early development of angiosperm-dominated forests in warm-wet climates

Conifer Evolution and the Ecological Expansion of Flowering Plants in the Mesozoic

The Mesozoic era, spanning ~252 to 66 million years ago (Ma), was an important time period in the early evolution of the major plant lineages that dominate modern ecosystems. The origins of the seven living conifer families (e.g., cypresses, pines) can be traced back to at least the beginning of the Jurassic (>200 Ma). They were a diverse and prominent part of global vegetation throughout most of the Mesozoic, and the living members of these families still thrive in many areas today. The flowering plants appeared in the Early Cretaceous (~135 Ma) and rapidly diversified and rose to dominate most lowland warm ecosystems by the time the dinosaurs went extinct. The rise of flowering plants transformed plant communities into their more modern form, as forests once dominated by conifers and other groups became dominated by flowering plants. This body of work addresses three different aspects of the evolution of plants and ecosystems since the Mesozoic. Chapter one examines the evolution of conifer dispersal strategies from the perspective of the structural adaptations and functional morphology of conifer diaspores (the seed plus other dispersing structures), Seed dispersal is an important process that shapes the distribution of plants and the biotic interactions within ecosystems. This chapter examines macroevolutionary patterns in conifer dispersal ecology by mapping diaspore characteristics across the conifer phylogeny and evaluating the frequency and direction of transitions in dispersal strategies. These analyses reveal multiple examples of convergence and divergence in dispersal strategies, particularly for seed dispersal by wind and animals. The inferred ancestral dispersal characteristics are evaluated in the context of the Mesozoic fossil record, which demonstrates that dispersal strategies were varied and complex even during the early evolution of conifers. Chapter two investigates the early evolution of the Cupressaceae (cypress family), a diverse and ecologically important conifer family with pan-hemisphere distribution. The early diverging lineages of the family were once diverse and important components of Mesozoic ecosystems, but are now represented by relatively few species with disjunct distributions (e.g., redwoods). The fossil history of the Cupressaceae is investigated through the description of an Early Jurassic (~179 Ma) species from Patagonia, Argentina based on foliage, pollen cones, and seed cones. This species is one of the oldest records for the family based on multiple organs, and provides context for evaluating the early structural evolution and biogeographical history of the family.Chapter three focuses on the evolution of plant community structure during the ecological expansion of flowering plants. After their origination in the equatorial region, flowering plants increased in diversity as they spread towards higher latitudes. The timing of their ecological takeover of communities by abundance, or biomass, and the resulting changes in community structure have been less well understood than their diversity increases. This critical period in plant evolution is investigated by reconstructing a 74.6 Ma fossil forest from south-central New Mexico, which existed in a moist-wet megathermal (= "tropical") climate. The fossil flora is one of the most diverse known from leaf macrofossils, and is the oldest flora for which the ecologically dominance of flowering plants has been demonstrated across a floodplain. In contrast to modern forests in similar climates, conifers still formed a major component of the canopy in the fossil flora. This non-analog flora provides novel insights into geographic and temporal patterns in the ecological turnover of plant communities, and the early development of angiosperm-dominated forests in warm-wet climates

The first small-bodied ornithopod dinosaur from the Lewisville Formation (middle Cenomanian) of Texas

Sediments of the Woodbine Group exposed in northeastern Texas were deposited along the southwestern margin of Appalachia as a series of near-shore, shoreline, distal lowland swamp, lake, and fluvial deposits during a regression of the Western Interior Seaway in early and middle Cenomanian time. The Lewisville Formation (upper Woodbine Group) of north Texas preserves the most diverse terrestrial fossil assemblage known from Appalachia, but remains of small ornithischian dinosaurs have been conspicuously absent from it. An almost complete left dentary from the Lewisville Formation represents a new, small-bodied ornithopod taxon, Ampelognathus coheni gen. et sp. nov. The dentary is generally similar to those in non-iguanodontian ornithopods such as Hypsilophodon, Changchunsaurus, Haya, and Convolosaurus. Ampelognathus occupied an expected but previously missing component of the ‘mid’ Cretaceous terrestrial fauna of southwestern Appalachia. The growing diversity of fossil vertebrates and renewed paleobotanical study in the Lewisville Formation reinforces the importance of the unit’s fossil record for understanding eastern North American terrestrial ecosystems during an important transitional period in the earliest Late Cretaceous.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:02642649-ED6F-483A-994A-EC5F3FDF2AC7</p

Ancient diversity and turnover of cunninghamioid conifers (Cupressaceae): two new genera from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan.

Conifers of the taxodiaceous grade of Cupressaceae were more diverse and widespread during the Mesozoic than they are today. The earliest diverging subfamily, Cunninghamioideae only includes a single extant genus, but has at least ten fossil genera. Here, two additional cunninghamioid genera are characterized based on permineralized seed cones from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan. These conifers display seed cone characters typical of cunninghamioids; however, they have a mosaic of characters that are not seen in any reported conifer of Cupressaceae. They are, therefore, designated as two new extinct species: Ohanastrobus hokkaidoensis gen. et sp. nov. and Nishidastrobus japonicum gen. et sp. nov. These newly reported conifers expand the taxonomic and morphological diversity of cunninghamioids. The stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic records of cunninghamioids and other fossil Cupressaceae with foliate seed cones indicate they peak in diversity during the Cretaceous. The living genera Taiwania and Cunninghamia appear during the Albian and Campanian, respectively, and maintain a nearly continuous fossil record through to today, while nearly all other extinct genera of Cupressaceae with foliate cones disappear by the close of the Campanian. As more ancient cunninghamioids are recovered, our understanding of macroevolutionary patterns of this once diverse lineage will be further elucidated.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Adaptación de variedades y portainjertos de vid en el huerto madre de la UNJFSC.

Objetivo: Determinar qué variedades y portainjertos de vid para vino y pisco se adaptan a las condiciones ambientales del huerto madre de la UNJFSC. Materiales y Métodos: Se instaló el sistema del huerto madre (cerco perimétrico, caseta de bombeo, reservorio, preparación del terreno, tendido de cintas, fertilización) en la UNJFSC; por otro lado, se entrevistó a miembros de la Asociación de productores de vid para conocer in situ, las preferencias de materiales de propagación vegetal como variedades y portainjertos. Finalmente, se realizó un viaje de prospección a Ica (CITE VID) para completar la información sobre variedades adecuadas según el perfil climático de Huaura. Resultados: se identificaron las variedades de vides para vino: Tempranillo, Merlot, Tannat y Syrah y el portainjerto americano Richter 99 para fines de injertación de las plantas madres, los cuales serán instalados la siguiente campaña en el huerto madre de la UNJFSC. Además se presentó una evaluación de la situación de la viticultura y enología en el Perú y la región Lima a manera de diagnóstico de la realidad agrícola en este importante cultivo. Conclusiones: el cultivo de la vid para vino presenta una gran prospectiva hacia la próxima década y se han identificado las necesidades de variedades y portainjertos para los productores de vid de la regió

The first juvenile dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Arctic Alaska.

Compared to the osteological record of herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation of northern Alaska, there are relatively fewer remains of theropods. The theropod record from this unit is mostly comprised of isolated teeth, and the only non-dental remains known can be attributed to the troodontid cf. Troodon and the tyrannosaurid Nanuqsaurus. Thus far, the presence of members of Dromaeosauridae has been limited to isolated teeth. Here we describe a symphyseal portion of a small dentary with two ziphodont teeth. Based on tooth shape, denticle morphology, and the position of the Meckelian groove, we attribute this partial dentary to a saurornitholestine dromaeosaurid. The fibrous bone surface, small size, and higher number of mesial denticles compared to distal ones point to a juvenile growth stage for this individual. Multivariate comparison of theropod teeth morphospace by means of principal component analysis reveals an overlap between this dentary and Saurornitholestinae dromaeosaurid morphospace, a result supported by phylogenetic analyses. This is the first confirmed non-dental fossil specimen from a member of Dromaeosauridae in the Arctic, expanding on the role of Beringia as a dispersal route for this clade between Asia and North America. Furthermore, the juvenile nature of this individual adds to a growing body of data that suggests Cretaceous Arctic dinosaurs of Alaska did not undergo long-distance migration, but rather they were year-round residents of these paleopolar latitudes