La Legge: dalle origini alla crisi

La legge, anche se non è più la fonte suprema, “resta comunque al centro del sistema delle fonti, perché è fondamentalmente rispetto ad essa che può determinarsi la posizione” di tutte le altre fonti. Un sintomo evidente di questa valenza evocativa della fonte legge e del suo nomen lo cogliamo nel Progetto di Trattato che adotta una Costituzione per l'Europa. In esso (artt. I-33 ss.), pur lasciando immutata la tipologia delle fonti (e i relativi problemi di deficit democratico) rispetto a quanto previsto nell’art. 249 Tr. Ce, si procede a modificare il loro nomen juris da “regolamento” e “direttiva” in “legge europea” e la “legge quadro europea”

La Legge: dalle origini alla crisi

La legge, anche se non è più la fonte suprema, “resta comunque al centro del sistema delle fonti, perché è fondamentalmente rispetto ad essa che può determinarsi la posizione” di tutte le altre fonti. Un sintomo evidente di questa valenza evocativa della fonte legge e del suo nomen lo cogliamo nel Progetto di Trattato che adotta una Costituzione per l'Europa. In esso (artt. I-33 ss.), pur lasciando immutata la tipologia delle fonti (e i relativi problemi di deficit democratico) rispetto a quanto previsto nell’art. 249 Tr. Ce, si procede a modificare il loro nomen juris da “regolamento” e “direttiva” in “legge europea” e la “legge quadro europea”

P019. Transcutaneous supraorbital neurostimulation in “de novo” patients with migraine without aura: the first Italian experience

Transcutaneous supraorbital neurostimulation (tSNS) has been recently found superior to sham stimulation for episodic migraine prevention in a randomized trial. We evaluated both the safety and efficacy of a brief period of tSNS in a group of patients with migraine without aura (MwoA)

Colaboración entre la Asociación Down Huesca y la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación de la Universidad de Zaragoza, para la realización de actividades de educación plástica

La vinculación de la Asociación Down Huesca con la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación ya tiene varios años de experiencia, iniciándose con un Seminario de Atención a la Diversidad en el curso 1999-2000, a través del cual estudiantes de Magisterio realizan prácticas en diversos programas y/o proyectos de la Asociación Down. El Seminario de Atención a la Diversidad supone un complemento formativo para los estudiantes universitarios de Magisterio que incide en su formación como profesionales de la educación y pretende que la formación inicial contribuya a facilitar actitudes favorables hacia la inclusión de las personas diversas

Evaluation of Plasmatic Procalcitonin in Healthy, and in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Negative or Positive Colic Horses

Colic horses show systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) clinical signs. Procalcitonin (PCT) showed increased circulating levels in sick horses. This study compares plasma PCT concentrations in healthy vs. SIRS negative/positive colic horses over time, and evaluates PCT and SIRS score potential correlation, to verify the usefulness of PCT for the evaluation of SIRS severity. Ninety-one horses were included; 43/91 were healthy, on basis of physical examination, blood work and SIRS score (score = 0), while 48/91 were sick colic horses, classified as SIRS-negative (score < 2) and positive (score ≥ 2). Moreover, a 0–6 point-scale SIRS score was calculated (assessing mucous membrane color and blood lactate concentration). PCT was evaluated at admission, and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, using a commercial kit for equine species. We verified by the ANOVA test PCT differences between healthy vs. colic horses, healthy vs. SIRS-negative or SIRS-positive colic horses, at all sampling times, and the correlation between the SIRS score at admission with the SIRS score. Statistically significant differences were detected between healthy vs. all colic horses and between healthy vs. SIRS-positive or negative horses at all sampling times. No correlation was observed between the SIRS score at admission and PCT values. PCT was statistically higher in colic horses compared to the healthy ones, suggesting a role as a biomarker for colic

Evaluation of Plasmatic Procalcitonin in Healthy, and in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Negative or Positive Colic Horses

Colic horses show systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) clinical signs. Procalcitonin (PCT) showed increased circulating levels in sick horses. This study compares plasma PCT concentrations in healthy vs. SIRS negative/positive colic horses over time, and evaluates PCT and SIRS score potential correlation, to verify the usefulness of PCT for the evaluation of SIRS severity. Ninety-one horses were included; 43/91 were healthy, on basis of physical examination, blood work and SIRS score (score = 0), while 48/91 were sick colic horses, classified as SIRS-negative (score < 2) and positive (score ≥ 2). Moreover, a 0–6 point-scale SIRS score was calculated (assessing mucous membrane color and blood lactate concentration). PCT was evaluated at admission, and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, using a commercial kit for equine species. We verified by the ANOVA test PCT differences between healthy vs. colic horses, healthy vs. SIRS-negative or SIRS-positive colic horses, at all sampling times, and the correlation between the SIRS score at admission with the SIRS score. Statistically significant differences were detected between healthy vs. all colic horses and between healthy vs. SIRS-positive or negative horses at all sampling times. No correlation was observed between the SIRS score at admission and PCT values. PCT was statistically higher in colic horses compared to the healthy ones, suggesting a role as a biomarker for colic

Development of an active risk-based surveillance strategy for avian influenza in Cuba

AbstractThe authors designed a risk-based approach to the selection of poultry flocks to be sampled in order to further improve the sensitivity of avian influenza (AI) active surveillance programme in Cuba. The study focused on the western region of Cuba, which harbours nearly 70% of national poultry holdings and comprise several wetlands where migratory waterfowl settle (migratory waterfowl settlements – MWS). The model took into account the potential risk of commercial poultry farms in western Cuba contracting from migratory waterfowl of the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes through dispersion for pasturing of migratory birds around the MWS. We computed spatial risk index by geographical analysis with Python scripts in ESRI® ArcGIS 10 on data projected in the reference system NAD 1927–UTM17. Farms located closer to MWS had the highest values for the risk indicator pj and in total 31 farms were chosen for targeted surveillance during the risk period. The authors proposed to start active surveillance in the study area 3 weeks after the onset of Anseriformes migration, with additional sampling repeated twice in the same selected poultry farms at 15 days interval (Comin et al., 2012; EFSA, 2008) to cover the whole migration season. In this way, the antibody detectability would be favoured in case of either a posterior AI introduction or enhancement of a previous seroprevalence under the sensitivity level. The model identified the areas with higher risk for AIV introduction from MW, aiming at selecting poultry premises for the application of risk-based surveillance. Given the infrequency of HPAI introduction into domestic poultry populations and the relative paucity of occurrences of LPAI epidemics, the evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach would require its application for several migration seasons to allow the collection of sufficient reliable data

Protocolo de estudio cuasi-experimental para promover un estilo interpersonal de apoyo a la autonomía en docentes de educación física

Según la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985, 2002), el estilo interpersonal que utilice el educador puede tener un fuerte impacto en la motivación de los estudiantes. Los objetivos de este artículo fueron: (i) explicar la justificación y desarrollo de un programa de formación basado en esta teoría para promover el apoyo a la autonomía; (ii) describir el protocolo de estudio y los procedimientos de evaluación del programa de formación; y (iii) probar la integridad del protocolo de estudio para una futura intervención. De un total de 40 docentes de educación física, se asignarán 20 a un grupo de intervención o a un grupo control (n = 20). Durante un período de 8 semanas, los docentes del grupo de intervención completarán un programa de formación en apoyo a la autonomía a través de varias fases. Se evaluarán indicadores que caracterizan el estilo interpersonal de apoyo a la autonomía de forma cualitativa y cuantitativa, tanto al docente como al estudiante. La recogida de los datos de la línea base cuantitativa se llevará a cabo un mes antes del inicio de la intervención y un mes después de la finalización del período de intervención. Los datos cuantitativos se analizarán mediante análisis multinivel. Para explorar las percepciones del programa de formación, también se llevará a cabo un seguimiento a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con docentes y miembros de la clase, de cuatro a seis semanas después del final de la intervención. Este estudio cuenta con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de las instituciones participantes. Los hallazgos del estudio se difundirán a través de revistas de impacto científico y presentaciones en conferencias sobre la temática de estudio de carácter internacional