A pilot study of eye movement during mammography interpretation: Eyetracker results and workstation design implications

Digital mammography can potentially improve mammography image and interpretation quality. On-line interpretation from a workstation may improve interpretation logistics and increase availability of comparison images. Interpretation of eight 4k- x 5k-pixel mammograms on two to four 2k- x 2.5k-pixel monitors is problematic because of the time spent in choosing which images display on which monitors, and zooming and roaming on individual images that are too large to display completely at full resolution. The authors used an eyetracker to measure radiologists viewing behavior during mammography interpretation with film on a viewbox. It was observed that a significant portion of the mammographers' time is spent viewing "comparison pairs" (typically two or more comparisons per case), such as the left mediolateral and craniocaudal images or old and new images. From the eyetracker measurements, we estimated that the number of image display, roam, and zoom operations decreases from an average of 64 for one monitor to 31 for four monitors, with the largest change going from one to two monitors. We also show that fewer monitors with a faster response time is superior to more monitors with a slower response time. Finally, the authors demonstrate the applicability of time-motion analysis to mammographic workstation design

CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey - The Hubble Space Telescope Observations, Imaging Data Products and Mosaics

This paper describes the Hubble Space Telescope imaging data products and data reduction procedures for the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). This survey is designed to document the evolution of galaxies and black holes at $z\sim1.5-8$, and to study Type Ia SNe beyond $z>1.5$. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with extensive multiwavelength observations. The primary CANDELS data consist of imaging obtained in the Wide Field Camera 3 / infrared channel (WFC3/IR) and UVIS channel, along with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The CANDELS/Deep survey covers \sim125 square arcminutes within GOODS-N and GOODS-S, while the remainder consists of the CANDELS/Wide survey, achieving a total of \sim800 square arcminutes across GOODS and three additional fields (EGS, COSMOS, and UDS). We summarize the observational aspects of the survey as motivated by the scientific goals and present a detailed description of the data reduction procedures and products from the survey. Our data reduction methods utilize the most up to date calibration files and image combination procedures. We have paid special attention to correcting a range of instrumental effects, including CTE degradation for ACS, removal of electronic bias-striping present in ACS data after SM4, and persistence effects and other artifacts in WFC3/IR. For each field, we release mosaics for individual epochs and eventual mosaics containing data from all epochs combined, to facilitate photometric variability studies and the deepest possible photometry. A more detailed overview of the science goals and observational design of the survey are presented in a companion paper.Comment: 39 pages, 25 figure

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The Lords of Discipline

vi, 498 hlm.; 18 x 11 c

A Jesuit Vocation: A Call to the Frontiers of the Church

Father Conroy addressed an audience of faculty and students, relating the circuitous journey that led him to law school and then the seminary. Originally intending to practice and seek office in the U.S. Senate, a priestly vocation took Father Conroy in a different direction, but never far from the halls of justice and never for very long. He spoke of how each leg of his vocation—be it teaching in Jesuit high schools and acting as a campus minister at Georgetown, or representing Native-Americans at one point and also immigrants to the U.S. at another—called for a moment of discernment as to what he should do with his life. A summary of the event is available here

Summary of Selected, Significant ITS and ITS-related Policies and Programs in Europe and the US (with Japan Supplement)

This research project explored institutional and organizational factors contributing to successful deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The researchers conducted a comprehensive internet/literature search on the status of ITS programs in Europe and the U.S., interviewed principals involved in ITS deployment both at the policy and project levels, and from the public and private sectors, and developed four case studies of successful ITS deployment. Results from the internet/literature search and responses from the survey/interviews were analyzed to identify critical institutional and organizational factors for successful deployment and operation of ITS systems/services. The methodology allowed for both a top-down (programs and policies) and bottom-up (project experiences) review and analysis

Institutional and Organizational Factors for the Successful Deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): International Comparisons

This paper compares European and US experiences to explore critical institutional and organizational factors contributing to successful deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS deployment has three primary aspects not found in traditional transportation solutions: 1) advanced technology insertion, interoperability and maintenance; 2) system approaches at the planning, operational, and service connectivity levels; and 3) private industry products and services linked to public infrastructure and services. All three aspects have ramifications across agencies and sectors as well as within a transportation agency. To better understand what these are and how they can be effectively addressed, the researchers conducted a comprehensive internet/literature search on the status of ITS programs in Europe and the U.S., interviewed principals involved in ITS deployment both at the policy and project levels, in the public and private sectors, and developed four case studies of successful ITS deployment. A supplement to the main report briefly discusses the situation in Japan