User Oriented Architectural Design in a Critical Perspective

Criticism of authoritarian practice in architecture has led to efforts by architects to take users' points of view into account and to develop an adaptive model of planning. Yet results have not been convincing. A critical look at a few attempts leads to questions about the existing relationships between planning activities, the development of organizational culture, and about practical morality within an organization when groups of users hold conflicting values and purposes

Communicative Action for Building Agencies

Communicative actions organized around preliminary designs for young people's hostels in France has allowed small groups of housing managers to develop modernization briefs and to help bridge the gap between users and architects. This example is used to suggest new perspectives for user-oriented design

Representation of Functional Data in Neural Networks

Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is an extension of traditional data analysis to functional data, for example spectra, temporal series, spatio-temporal images, gesture recognition data, etc. Functional data are rarely known in practice; usually a regular or irregular sampling is known. For this reason, some processing is needed in order to benefit from the smooth character of functional data in the analysis methods. This paper shows how to extend the Radial-Basis Function Networks (RBFN) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models to functional data inputs, in particular when the latter are known through lists of input-output pairs. Various possibilities for functional processing are discussed, including the projection on smooth bases, Functional Principal Component Analysis, functional centering and reduction, and the use of differential operators. It is shown how to incorporate these functional processing into the RBFN and MLP models. The functional approach is illustrated on a benchmark of spectrometric data analysis.Comment: Also available online from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0925231

Astroclimate at San Pedro M\'artir I: 2004-2008 Seeing Statistics from the TMT Site Testing Data

We present comprehensive seeing statistics for the San Pedro M\'artir site derived from the Thirty Meter Telescope site selection data. The observations were obtained between 2004 and 2008 with a Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM) and a Multi Aperture Scintillation Sensor (MASS) combined instrument (MASS--DIMM). The parameters that are statistically analised here are: whole atmosphere seeing -measured by the DIMM-; free atmosphere seeing --measured by the MASS--; and ground-layer seeing (GL) --difference between the total and free-atmosphere seeing--. We made a careful data coverage study along with statistical distributions of simultaneous MASS--DIMM seeing measurements, in order to investigate the nightly, monthly, seasonal, annual and global behaviour, as well as possible hourly seeing trends. Although this campaign covers five years, the sampling is uneven, being 2006 and 2007 the best sampled years in terms of seasonal coverage. The overall results yield a median seeing of 0.78 (DIMM), 0.37 (MASS) and 0.59 arcsec (GL). The strongest contribution to the whole atmosphere seeing comes, therefore, from a strong ground layer. We find that the best season is summer, while the worst one is winter, in accordance with previous studies. It is worth noting that the best yearly results are correlated with the best sampled years. The hourly analysis shows that there is no statistically significant tendency of seeing degradation towards dawn. The seeing values are slightly larger than those reported before. This may be caused by climate changes.Comment: Accepted for publication (2012 June 14) in MNRAS, 15 pages, 16 Figures, 8 Table

Romantismo e objetividade: notas sobre um panorama do Rio de Janeiro

The article deals with the great Panorama of Rio de Janeiro exhibited in Paris, 1824, and its sources - a series of watercolours which have also generated succeeding engravings produced dur-ing the 1830s. Panoramas, in their early formal conventions are shown to interplay with Romanticism's and Naturphilosophie's theses and to put in motion the legacy of 11th-century paint-ing . As this geme of visual device develops, Rio's watercoulours display symptoms of a gradual dismissal of its initial ambilions, through lhe treatment of the natural site and the city. At last the invention of the daguerreotype and vai d'oiseau urban images, among other traits, signale the changes in sensibility related to the production and consumption of those circular canvasses. From 1840/50 on panoramas conceived by the will to fuse art and science and bya reflection on nature and liberty turn essentially into a mass entertainment.Romantismo e objetividade: notas sobre um panorama do Rio de Janeiro Margarelh da Silva Pereira Enfoca O grande Panorama do Rio de Janeiro, exibido em Paris em 1824, do qual se conhece a série de aquarelas que serviram de base tanto àquela ampliação quanto às sucessivas gravuras da cena que foram produzidas na década de 1830. Busca-se mostrar como os panoramas em sua formalização inicial dialogam com as teses do romantismo e da Naturphilosophie, mobilizan-do heranças da pintura seiscentista. No desenvolvimento desta forma de exibição as aquarelas do Rio apresentam sintomas do gradual afastamento das ambições iniciais através do tratamento dispensado ao sítio natural e à cidade. Por fim, a invenção do daguerreótipo, e as vistas urbanas em võo de pássaro, enlre outros, balizariam a mudança de sensibilidade na produção e na fruição dessas telas circulares. A partir de 1840/50 os panoramas engendrados pelo desejo de fusão entre arte e ciência e pela reflexão sobre a natureza e a liberdade, tornar-se-iam, sobretudo, um divertimento de massas

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

États-Unis et Canada : La sécurité publique dans les quartiers

Öffentliche Sicherheit in den Stadtvierteln der USA und Kanadas Die Untersuchungen über das Fehlen öffentlicher Sicherheit in der Stadt hatten den Versuch zur Konsequenz, die Einwohner in die Planung der Stadtviertel einzubeziehen, damit sie anschließend die Aufrechterhaltung der Ordnung dort selbst in die Hand nehmen. Man hat sich ebenfalls bemüht, Polizisten und andere öffentliche Funktionsträger so auszubilden, daß sie den Einwohnern mehr Ausmerksamkeit entgegenbringen. Die Sicherheit als öffentliches Gut wird damit gefördert.Public safety in certain districts of the United States Research on urban insecurity has led to the participation of inhabitants in district planning, so that after they can be in charge of the maintaining of law and order. Policemen and other public agents have been trained to pay more attention to inhabitants. Safety is now promoted as a public good.Les recherches sur l'insécurité urbaine ont conduit à essayer d'intégrer les habitants à la programmation des quartiers pour qu'ils y prennent ensuite en charge le maintien de l'ordre. On a cherché également à former les policiers et les autres agents publics à une plus grande attention aux habitants. Ainsi se promeut la sécurité comme bien public.Estados Unidos y Canadá, La seguridad pública en los barrios Las investigaciones sobre la inseguridad urbana han conducido a intentar integrar a los habitantes en la programación de los barrios para, luego, ponerlos a cargo del orden en ellos. Asimismo, se ha tratado de formar a los policías y otros agentes públicos a prestar mas atención a los habitantes. Una manera de promover la seguridad como bien público.Conan Michel. États-Unis et Canada : La sécurité publique dans les quartiers. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°40, 1988. Risques et périls. pp. 73-83

L'expérience de décentralisation suédoise

Schweden, Die Kooperation von Staat und Kommunen Die Reformen der Kommunalverwaltung in Schweden, die Gemeindezusammenlegung von 1962, die Deregulierung der kommunalen Öffentlichen Dienste seit 1984 treten nach und nach und unter freiwilliger Beteiligung der Kommunen in Kraft. Begleitend wird der Prozeß von führenden Beamten und Forschern ausgewertet. Für die Regierung handelt es sich darum, den Einfluß der Techniker auf das Leben in den Kommunen einzuschränken und der öffentlichen Diskussion mehr Gewicht zu verschaffen.Sweden, the cooperation between the State and the boroughs The reforms in Swedish local government, with the fusion of boroughs in 1962 and the disorder in local public services since 1984, have been progressively carried out with certain voluntary boroughs. Top civil servants and academics are following the situation and evaluating it. The Government wants to try and reduce the preponderance of the role of technicians in local life and increase the role of public discussion.La coopération entre Etat et communes Les réformes du gouvernement local suédois, fusion de communes de 1962, déréglementation des services publics locaux depuis 1984, se font progressivement et avec des communes volontaires. Une évaluation associant hauts fonctionnaires et universitaires accompagne le processus. Il s'agit pour le gouvernement de réduire l'emprise des techniciens sur la vie locale et d'accroître le rôle du débat public.Suecia, La cooperación entre estado y municipios Las reformas del gobierno local sueco, fusion de municipios de 1962, desreglamentación de los servicios publicos locales a partir de 1984, van haciéndose progresivamente y con los municipios que se prestan a ello. Acompana el proceso una evaluación que asocia altos funcionarios y universitarios. Se trata para el gobierno de reducir la influencia de los técnicos en la vida local y magnificar el papel del debate público.Conan Michel. L'expérience de décentralisation suédoise. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°38, 1988. Villes et Etats. pp. 31-40