EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT RENAL FIBROSIS MARKERS IN THE PROGRESSION FROM ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Trabajo de fin de grado. Grado en Biología. Curso académico 2019-2020Las enfermedades renales suponen en la actualidad una frecuente causa de muerte, además de ocupar gran parte del presupuesto anual de Sanidad, principalmente en los tratamientos de diálisis y trasplante. Cabe destacar la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en la que se produce una disminución lenta e irreversible de la función renal, pudiendo llegar a la pérdida completa del órgano. Esta enfermedad aparece tras sucesivos daños reversibles en el riñón, calificados como daño renal agudo (DRA) en sus tres posibles formas (pre-renal o funcional, renal o parenquimatoso y post-renal u obstructivo) en este estadio la enfermedad es relativamente fácil de tratar, sin embargo el problema radica en la ausencia de síntomas y signos que alerten de la presencia de un daño. Todo este proceso de transición hacia la enfermedad crónica conlleva un fuerte proceso de fibrosis acompañado de una retahíla de síntomas que representan los daños consecuencia de ello. En este trabajo se estudian dos proteínas; fibronectina y colágeno tipo I ambas son moléculas producidas por la matriz extracelular de diferentes tipos celulares en condiciones fisiológicas y de manera aberrante en situaciones patológicas como la que se estudia. El objetivo de este trabajo recae en determinar si estas proteínas pueden catalogarse como posibles marcadores de fibrosis renal

3D MODELLING OF THE NEGRO TOWER FOR ITS COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND A CONSERVATION PROPOSAL

Abstract. The Negro Tower, in El Algar, Cartagena (Region of Murcia, Spain), is a building which dates to 1585. It is a tower built in a rural environment, inland from the coast, to alert and protect the population from pirate attacks. It was part of the network of watchtowers and defense posts along the coast of Murcia built between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The tower is protected as a historical monument, but its state of conservation is very poor. For this reason, a comprehensive study has been carried out to ensure its correct restoration and future conservation. Historical and constructive analysis has allowed us to discover the social, cultural and architectural characteristics of the tower. Digital photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning compatible with classic topography have been used for the graphic survey of the tower. All this information has permitted the elaboration of thorough three-dimensional modelling and the proposal of a volumetric recomposition of the tower. The presentation will set out the working methodology followed as well as the important results achieved. This research work aims to contribute to the recognition and correct conservation of the Tower. The graphic survey and the three-dimensional model obtained will allow the recovery of the tower and its integration into the natural environment

Clinical guideline SEOM: cancer of unknown primary site

Cancer of unknown primary site is a histologically confirmed cancer which is manifested in advanced stage, with no identifiable primary site after the use of standard diagnostic procedures. Patients are initially placed into one of categories based upon the examination of the initial biopsy: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma. Appropriate patient management requires an understanding of several clinicopathologic features that help to identify several subsets of patients with more responsive tumors

Diferenciación y desarrollo postnatal de los tipos de fibras musculares en el cerdo chato murciano

Mediante la técnica que detecta la actividad de la enzima ATPasa miosínica se analiza el tamaño y porcentajes de los distintos tipos de fibras que integran el músculo longísimo lumbar del cerdo “Chato Murciano”, desde el nacimiento hasta los 120 días de edad. Al nacimiento, el músculo longísimo está conformado por un 5,5% de fibras tipo I, de gran tamaño y un 94,5% de fibras tipo II, de menor tamaño. Durante el primer mes de vida postnatal las fibras tipo II se irán diferenciando en nuevas fibras tipo I y subtipos IIA y IIX. A partir de los dos meses tiene lugar un aumento del diámetro fibrilar (hipertrofia) y una distribución fibrilar que recuerda a la de animales adultos. Aunque la hipertrofia observada afecta a los tres tipos de fibras evaluados, parece claro que el crecimiento y conformación muscular en el cerdo chato murciano está muy asociado al notable incremento en diámetro que experimentan las fibras IIX, ya que éstas crecen más rápidamente que las tipo I y IIA

Characterisation of High Temperature Oxidation Phenomena during AISI 430 Stainless Steel Manufacturing under a Controlled H-2 Atmosphere for Bright Annealing

Localised-in-the-edge oxidation of four AISI 430 alloys was investigated after an industrial bright annealing process. The oxidised surface of each specimen was characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman-spectroscopy and SEM. The results showed that the selective oxidation of Cr and Mn took place at the coil edges of AISI 430. This led to the formation of an oxide scale based on Cr2O3 and MnCr2O4. On the other hand, the formation of Cr(OH)(3) and MnOOH in the outer part of the oxide scale was related to the effect of the H-2-N-2 environment on the annealing furnace. The results concluded that the composition of Cr and Mn in the alloy determined the composition of the oxidation products. However, the effect of annealing time was minor in this oxidation mechanism, which slightly contributed to an increase in the cation diffusion from the steel to the oxide. Finally, the results obtained indicate that the colouration of the coil edges displayed in each studied material varies according to the alloy chemical composition and annealing time.This research was funded by the "Proyectos de I+D Individuales" programme, Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad from the Spanish Government-project "FERRINOP"

Impact of preharvest and postharvest treatment combinations on increase of stilbene content in grape

Aims : Stilbene-enriched grape is an interesting new food product with numerous health-promoting properties, mainly due to its high added-value compound content, notably resveratrol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different elicitors, alone or in combination with ultraviolet C light (UVC) postharvest treatment, on stilbene concentration in grapes. Methods and results : Three preharvest treatments were tested, namely benzothiadiazole, (BTH), methyl jasmonate (MEJA) and chitosan (CHIT). After harvesting, these treatments were combined with UVC postharvest treatment. The stilbene extraction method was validated method. Moreover, and grape quality was evaluated. Of the preharvest treatments, only BTH significantly increased trans-resveratrol concentration in grape, but this appears to be linked to a ripening delay. When pre- and postharvest treatments were combined, only the MEJA-UVC combination was successful in reducing by three days the day of maximum induction of stilbenes (trans resveratrol and piceatannol). Conclusion: The MEJA-UVC combination reached similar grape trans-resveratrol contents than UVC alone, but additionally the time to reach maximum trans-resveratrol after the UVC treatment was reduced by three days and therefore grape quality was preserved. Significance and impact of the study: The achieved results provide a potential treatment combination that allows functional grapes to be obtained in a shorter period than with UVC light alone, making it more applicable

Contamination and restoration of an estuary affected by phosphogypsum releases

The Huelva Estuary in Huelva, Spain, has been one of the most studied environmental compartments in the past years from the point of view of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) releases. It has been historically affected by waste releases, enriched in radionuclides from the U-decay series, from factories located in the area devoted to the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers. Nevertheless, changes in national regulations forced a new waste management practice in 1998, prohibiting releases of phosphogypsum into the rivers. The input of natural radionuclides from phosphate factories to rivers was drastically reduced. Because of this there was a unique opportunity for the study of the response of a contaminated environmental compartment, specifically an estuary affected by tidal influences, after the cessation of the contaminant releases to, in this case, the Huelva Estuary (henceforth referred to as the Estuary). To investigate the environmental response to this new discharge regime, the specific activities of radionuclides 226Ra and 210Pb in water and sediment samples collected in four campaigns (from 1999 to 2005) were determined and compared with pre-1998 values. From this study it is possible to infer the most effective mechanisms of decontamination for the Estuary. Decontamination rates of 210Pb and 226Ra in the sediments and water have been calculated using exponential fittings and corresponding half-lives have been deduced from them. The cleaning half-life in the whole area of the Estuary is about 6 and 3.5 years for 226Ra and 210Pb respectively. The observed trend clearly shows that contamination of the Estuary by natural radionuclides is now decreasing and radioactive levels in waters and sediments are approaching the natural background references. This work attempts to evaluate whether it can be expected that the decontamination of the enhanced levels of natural radioactivity in the Estuary can be performed via natural processe

Characterization of source rocks and groundwater radioactivity at the Chihuahua valley

As part of a scientific research project about alpha radioactivity in groundwater for human consumption at the Chihuahua City, the charac-terization of rock sources of radioactivity around de Chihuahua valley was developed. The radioactivity of groundwater and sediments wasdetermined, too. The radioactivity of uranium- and thorium- series isotopes contained in rocks was obtained by high resolution gamma-rayspectroscopy. Some representative values are 50 Bq/kg for the mean value of Bi-214 activity, and 121.5 Bq/kg for the highest value at Westof the city. The activity of sediments, extracted during wells perforation, was determined using a NaI(Tl) detector. A non-reported beforeuranium ore was localized at the San Marcos range formation. Its outcrops are inside the Chihuahua-Sacramento valley basin and its activ-ity characterization was performed. Unusually high specific uranium activities, determined by alpha spectrometry, were obtained in water,plants, sediments and fish extracted at locations close to outcrops of uranium minerals. The activity of water of the San Marcos dam reached7.7 Bq/L. The activity of fish, trapped at San Marcos dam, is 0.99 Bq/kg. Conclusions about the contamination of groundwater at North ofChihuahua City were obtained.Como parte de un proyecto cient ́ıfico sobre actividad alfa en agua subterr ́anea de consumo humano en la ciudad de Chihuahua, se hadesarrollado la caracterizaci ́on de las rocas fuentes de la radiactividad en el valle de Chihuahua. Se determin ́o tambi ́en la actividad de muestrasde agua subterr ́anea y de sedimentos. La actividad de los is ́otopos de las series radiactivas en las rocas se obtuvo usando espectroscop ́ıagamma de alta resoluci ́on. Algunos valores representativos son 50 Bq/kg para el valor medio de la actividad del Bi-214 y 121.5 Bq/kg para elvalor m ́as alto al oeste de la ciudad. La actividad de los sedimentos extra ́ıdos durante la perforaci ́on de pozos para agua potable, se determin ́ousando un detector de NaI(Tl). En la formaci ́on monta ̃nosa de San Marcos se localiz ́o un dep ́osito de uranio no publicado. Sus afloramientosse encuentran dentro de la cuenca del valle Chihuahua-Sacramento y se realiz ́o la caracterizaci ́on de su radiactividad. Se determinaronactividades por espectrometr ́ıa alfa de agua, plantas, sedimentos y peces extra ́ıdos en emplazamientos cercanos a los afloramientos deminerales de uranio. La actividad del agua en la presa de san Marcos lleg ́o a 7.7 Bq/L. La actividad de pescados de la misma presa alcanza0.99 Bq/kg. Se obtuvieron conclusiones sobre la contaminaci ́on del agua subterr ́anea al norte de la ciudad de Chihuahua

Educar para la participación ciudadana en la Enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales

Recoge los contenidos presentados a: Simposio Internacional de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales (23. 2012. Sevilla

Compliance with current dietary recommendations and geographical variability of diet in women participating in 7 screening programs for breast cancer in Spain

Introducción: Una dieta saludable es especialmente importante durante la menopausia, periodo en el que aumenta el riesgo de varios problemas de salud. Analizamos la dieta de mujeres peri y postmenopáusicas españolas y el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones actuales. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en 3.574 mujeres de 45-68 años que acuden al cribado de cáncer de mama en 7 centros (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia y Zaragoza). Se recogió la dieta mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos validado para población española. Para la valoración del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones actuales se utilizaron los rangos recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria para ingesta de grupos de alimentos y las Ingestas Diarias Recomendadas (IDR) para energía, vitaminas y minerales de la Federación Española de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética. Resultados: El 29% de las mujeres eran obesas y un 42% tenía sobrepeso. El aporte calórico medio fue de 2.053 kcal (DE: 480). El perfil calórico general fue de: 43% de la energía aportada por lo carbohidratos, 36% por las grasas, 20% por las proteínas. Se evidenció una ingesta deficiente de vitamina D en todos los nodos del estudio, con una ingesta media general de 2,14 μg/día. Se detectó a su vez una ingesta deficitaria de vitamina E en A Coruña y Burgos. Todos los centros presentaron una ingesta elevada de productos lácteos y de legumbres. El consumo de frutas y verduras fue muy heterogéneo siendo especialmente elevada su ingesta en Mallorca y Valencia mientras que fue baja para ambos grupos de alimentos en A Coruña. La ingesta de aceite de oliva fue elevada en todos los centros exceptuando Burgos con un 74,3% de las mujeres estudiadas por debajo de las 3 raciones al día recomendadas. Conclusiones: Una dieta con menos grasas y proteínas y más rica en vegetales, frutos secos y alimentos ricos en hidratos de carbono equilibraría el balance energético y mejoraría la calidad de la dieta corrigiendo las bajas ingestas de vitaminas D y E. Estas recomendaciones son especialmente importantes en las ciudades más alejadas de la costa mediterránea donde se han detectado mayores incumplimientos de las recomendaciones vigentes y una dieta más alejada de la dieta mediterránea.Introduction: A healthy diet is especially important during menopause, a period which increases the risk of various health problems. We analyzed the diet of periand postmenopausal Spanish women and the degree of compliance with current recommendations. Material and methods: We studied 3574 women 45-68 years old who attended breast cancer screening programmes in 7 centres (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia and Zaragoza). Diet information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire validated for the Spanish population. For the assessment of compliance with current guidelines we used the recommendations by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition for food groups intake and by the Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics for energy, vitamins and minerals intake. Results: The 29% of women were obese and 42% overweight. The average caloric intake was 2.053 kcal (SD 480). The general energy profile was: 43% of the energy from the carbohydrates, 36% from fats, and 20% from proteins. There was a low vitamin D intake in all centres of the study, with an overall mean intake of 2.14 mg/day. A deficit of vitamin E intake in A Coruña and Burgos was also detected. Intake of dairy products and vegetables was high in all the study centers. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was very heterogeneous, with high intakes observed in Mallorca and Valencia and low for both food groups in A Coruña. The olive oil intake was high in all centers except Burgos with 74.3% of the women studied below the recommended 3 servings per day. Conclusions: A diet with less fat and protein and a higher consumption of vegetables, nuts and foods rich in carbohydrate might balance the energy intake and improve the quality of the diet correcting the low intakes of vitamins D and E. These recommendations are especially important in cities far from the Mediterranean coast where more breaches have been detected over the current recommendations with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet.Este estudio ha recibido financiación del Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (proyecto PI060386) y de Astra-Zéneca (convenio de colaboración entre Astra- Zeneca y el Instituto de salud Carlos III 1306-1306 EPY