1,379 research outputs found

    LÉXICO, IDEOLOGIA E A HISTORIOGRAFIA LINGÜÍSTICA DO SÉCULO DAS IDENTIDADES

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    Este texto exemplifica como os períodos e contextos da história do conhecimento científico podem ser examinados pela perspectiva da Historiografia da Lingüística. Seu objetivo é demonstrar que o historiógrafo, ao lidar com qualquer tema dessa área, deve fornecer uma verdadeira teia explicativa dos fatos. O tema abordado é o da reivindicação de autonomia para o português do Brasil em dicionários produzidos durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Propomos que aspectos referentes aos métodos empregados nessas descrições do léxico brasileiro teriam dificultado a aceitação da reivindicação no período, embora o contexto fosse altamente favorável para sustentá-la. Abstract This paper exemplifies how periods and contexts into the history of scientific knowledge can be examined through the perspective of Linguistic Historiography. Its aim is demonstrate that an explanatory web of facts must be provided by the historiographer when he works with any issue in that area. The issue in focus is the claim of autonomy to Brazilian Portuguese in certain dictionaries that was produced in the second half of the 19th century. According to our hypothesis, some aspects related to the methods applied in those Brazilian lexis descriptions would make the acceptance of that claim difficult in the period, although the context was auspicious to support it

    Teoria de Travelbee: Modelo de Relação Pessoa-a-Pessoa- adequação à enfermagem em contexto de cuidadospaliativos

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    Background: Travelbee’s theoretical model has significantly influenced the palliative care movement. According to Travelbee, the Human-to-Human Relationship is the means through which the purpose of nursing is fulfilled. us, nurses are challenged to implement a more reflective practice based on compassion and sympathy. Objective: To describe Travelbee’s Human-to-Human Relationship Model and provide an adequate conceptual framework for palliative nursing care. Main topics under analysis: To frame Travelbee’s theory. To describe the suitability of the theory for palliative care. To reflect on Travelbee’s view of nursing. To analyze its relevance in the nursing context. Conclusion: Travelbee’s Human-to-Human Relationship Model is in line with the philosophy of palliative care, being an interpersonal process in which nurses intervene in the suffering process but also in its prevention.Enquadramento: O modelo teórico de Travelbee influenciou significativamente o movimento de cuidados paliativos. Segundo Travelbee, a Relação Pessoa-a-Pessoa é o meio através do qual o objetivo da enfermagem é cumprido. Neste sentido, os enfermeiros são desafiados à implementação de uma prática mais reflexiva, pautada pela compaixão e pela simpatia. Objetivo: Descrever o Modelo de Relação Pessoa-a-Pessoa de Travelbee e apresentar uma estrutura conceptual adequada para os cuidados de enfermagem em contexto de cuidados paliativos. Principais tópicos em análise: Enquadrar a teoria de Travelbee nas teorias de enfermagem. Descrever a adequação da teoria ao contexto dos Cuidados Paliativos. Refletir sobre a visão de enfermagem segundo Travelbee. Analisar a sua relevância no contexto da enfermagem. Conclusão: O Modelo de Relação Pessoa-a-Pessoa de Travelbee vai ao encontro da filosofia dos cuidados paliativos, apresentando-se como um processo interpessoal em que o enfermeiro intervém no processo de sofrimento mas também na sua prevenção.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    A theoretical approach of adaptation to stress and implications for evaluation and research

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    [Excerpt] The study of adaptation to occupational stress is a major topic of research on psychology, and other social sciences. In fact, data suggests that employees face significant levels of tension at work, and that there is an increasing of sources of stress, both in terms of intensity and diversity [1]. In this chapter, we analyze adaptation to stress by focusing at the individual level, discussing how professionals evaluate and cope with stressors that impose significant efforts of adjusting. However, this does not mean that occupational stress is strictly an individual phenomenon; by the contrary, a better understanding of stress at work should assume a multifactor perspective, where the employee, the employer, the work organization, the public policies and laws of work, and the cultural values and norms that influence professional relations between all these agents, play together and determine if the working activity will be a pleasant or dysfunctional experience for professionals. Despite the importance of considering all these factors when studying the working activity, it is also obvious that the way each worker adapt to their working conditions is a pivotal factor to understand how this activity can represent a source of personal gratification or, by the contrary, can ended represent a negative, or even indifferent, experience. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Development of a guided imagery program for patients admitted to palliative care units

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    Background: Guided imagery (GI) is being increasingly used as a non-pharmacological intervention in different clinical settings. However, GI intervention programs have not yet been developed and adapted to patients admitted to palliative care units, which impedes their implementation. Thus, the need emerges to develop and validate a GI program. Objective: To develop and validate a GI program. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted following the guidelines of the Medical Research Council for the development of complex interventions in 3 phases: identifying the evidence base, identifying/developing appropriate theory, modelling process and outcomes. Results: The development process resulted in a program consisting of 2 GI sessions to be implemented in the same week. Preliminary results on the implementation of a GI session suggest that the intervention is effective in increasing comfort. Conclusion: The characteristics of the GI program proved to be adjusted to the context and target population. The effectiveness of the GI program will be tested in a quasi-experimental study.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Ciprofloxacin resistance in domestic wastewater treatment plants

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    The potential of domestic wastewater treatment plants to contribute for the dissemination of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria was assessed. Differences on bacterial counts and percentage of resistance in the raw wastewater could not be explained on basis of the size of the plant or demographic characteristics of population served. In contrast, the treated effluent of the larger plants had significantly more heterotrophs and enterobacteria, including ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms, than the smaller (p<0.01). Moreover, longer hydraulic retention times were associated with significantly higher percentages of resistant enterobacteria in the treated effluent (p<0.05). Independently of the size or type of treatment used, domestic wastewater treatment plants discharged per day at least 1010–1014 colony forming units of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria into the receiving environment.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

    Promoção das competências da matemática funcional em jovem com síndrome de Williams

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    O presente estudo assume uma natureza qualitativa, de cariz interpretativo e design de investigação-ação. O foco de estudo passa por desenvolver um conjunto de atividades que promovam num jovem com Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID), mais concretamente Síndrome de Williams, competências matemáticas funcionais. Essas atividades centram-se concretamente nas transações monetárias. Foi delineado um plano de intervenção que contemplou as expetativas do aluno e da família, a individualização, o seu nível de funcionalidade, bem como a sua aplicabilidade nos mais variados contextos de vida. As atividades que decorreram deste plano surgiram no âmbito da Matemática Funcional, componente do Currículo Específico Individual (CEI). As atividades desenvolvidas tiveram como base um conjunto de estratégias de investigação-ação e ocorreram numa fase inicial na sala de aula e, posteriormente, em contextos do quotidiano do aluno, tais como a pastelaria e o supermercado. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pôde constatar-se que as aprendizagens promovidas através do desenvolvimento de competências funcionais específicas se revelaram profícuas na evolução da compreensão e aplicação de conceitos matemáticos, tais como o dinheiro e tudo o que a ele está inerente (troco, valor unitário e valor total, etc.). Todas estas atividades visam a sua aplicação em situações reais que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento da autonomia pessoal e social do aluno. Este estudo, tal como outros, vem comprovar que os alunos com e sem DID atribuem mais significado a experiências educativas centradas na realidade. Além disso, estas revelam-se fundamentais na promoção de competências funcionais que apoiam a inclusão social

    Estudo transcultural do inventário de personalidade para o DSM-5 (PID-5) na população emeritense dos Emirados Árabes Unidos e na portuguesa

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    A presente dissertação procurou alargar o conhecimento sobre o papel da cultura na avaliação de traços desadaptativos de personalidade definidos pelo DSM-5 e medidos pelo Inventário de Personalidade para o DSM-5 (PID-5), através do estudo transcultural comparativo do PID-5 em amostras comunitárias e clínicas dos Emirados Árabes Unidos (EAU) e de Portugal, utilizando a versão árabe (Al-Attiyah et al., 2017) e portuguesa (Pires et al., 2017) do PID-5. Para alcançar este objetivo realizámos três estudos: No primeiro estudo procurámos avaliar as qualidades psicométricas da versão árabe do PID-5 numa amostra comunitária da população emeritense, bem como examinar a sua estrutura fatorial e explorar a associação entre os domínios do PID-5 e o Modelo dos Cinco Fatores (MCF), medidos pela versão árabe do NEO-FFI (Alansari, 1997). Os resultados confirmaram adequadas qualidades psicométricas da medida e identificaram uma estrutura de cinco-fatores semelhante à dos domínios do PID-5. No segundo estudo, testámos a utilidade clínica do PID-5 para distinguir grupos clínicos e não clínicos, explorámos a validade convergente das suas escalas com as dimensões psicopatológicas da versão árabe da SCL-90-R (Al-Behairy, 1984), na amostra clínica e, analisámos a sua estrutura fatorial. Os resultados revelaram que o PID-5 é uma medida adequada para distinguir traços patológicos de personalidade em grupos clínicos e não-clínicos, porém a estrutura obtida na amostra clínica não replicou inteiramente a estrutura original, dado que apenas quatro dos cinco fatores foram identificados. Por último, no terceiro estudo, testámos a invariância do PID-5, em amostras emparelhadas da população comunitária e clínica dos EAU e de Portugal e, comparámos os resultados das pontuações médias de ambas as amostras e países. Os resultados confirmaram a invariância da medida nas amostras clínicas e, de um modo geral, a população emeritense apresentou pontuações mais elevadas do que a portuguesa, apesar da baixa dimensão do efeito das escalas do PID-5.The present dissertation aimed to contribute to the knowledge on the role of culture in the assessment of maladaptive personality traits, as stated by the DSM-5, and measured by the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5). Our ultimate goal was the cross-cultural study of the United Arab Emirates and Portuguese, clinical and non-clinical population, using the Arabic (Al-Attiyah et al., 2017) and Portuguese (Pires et al., 2017) versions of the PID-5. To accomplish these objectives, we conducted three studies: the first, aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the PID-5 in a community sample of the Emirati population and examine its factor structure, as well as to explore the relation between the PID-5 domains and the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits, measured by the Arabic version of the NEO-FFI (Alansari, 1997). The results confirmed acceptable psychometric properties of the measure and identified a five-factor structure similar to the PID-5 domains. In the second study, we tested the clinical utility of the PID-5 to distinguish clinical and non-clinical groups, explore the convergent validity of its scales with psychopathologic dimensions of the SCL-90-R Arabic version (Al-Behairy, 1984) in the clinical sample and analysed its factor structure. The results shown that the PID-5 is an appropriate measure to identify pathological personality traits in clinical and non-clinical groups, although the factor structure obtained did not entirely replicate the original structure, as only four of the five factors were retained. Finally, the third study tested the PID-5 invariance, in match community and clinical samples of the UAE and Portugal and compared the mean scores of both samples and countries. The results confirmed measurement invariance of the PID-5 in the clinical samples, and overall, the Emirati population presented higher scores, although with small effect sizes

    Necessidades dos pais das crianças hospitalizadas: perspectiva dos pais

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    A hospitalização da criança constitui uma experiência que ocasiona grandes mudanças na vida da criança e da família. A compreensão das necessidades dos pais e a minimização do sofrimento passa pela sua presença durante as 24 horas do dia. Contudo, esta presença só tem significado quando se desenvolvem estratégias promotoras do envolvimento dos pais nos cuidados de saúde, capacitando-os para a continuidade de cuidados. Desenvolvemos um estudo descritivo, exploratório de cariz quantitativo, com uma amostra de 184 pais de crianças hospitalizadas em 4 hospitais portugueses. A colheita de dados foi efectuada pela aplicação do questionário das necessidades dos pais adaptado para a população portuguesa. Os resultados encontrados indicam que os pais das crianças hospitalizadas atribuem mais importância às necessidades de suporte e orientação e são mais independentes face ao hospital relativamente às necessidades da criança doente e aos outros membros da família. Verifica-se também que algumas características, quer dos pais, quer das crianças hospitalizadas, quer da hospitalização, relacionam-se de forma estatisticamente significativa com a satisfação e a independência percebidas pelos pais face a estas duas necessidades. A permanência dos pais no ambiente hospitalar trouxe um novo paradigma para o cuidar da criança hospitalizada, através da construção de projectos de saúde centrados na família. Identificar as necessidades dos pais, permite aos enfermeiros desenvolver competências de forma a avaliar a etapa do ciclo vital da criança/família e assim definir estratégias de adaptação aos processos de doença e a promoção do papel parental. Palavras-chave: criança, hospitalização, papel parental, necessidades.Abstract Hospitalization of children is an experience that brings great changes in the life of the child and the family. Understanding the needs of the parents and the minimization of suffering lies in their presence for 24 hours a day. However, this presence has meaning only when they develop strategies that promote the envelopment of parents in health care, enabling them to continuity of caring. We developed a descriptive study, exploratory of quantitative nature, with a sample of 184 parents of hospitalized children in four portuguese hospitals. Data collection was performed by the application of the needs of parents´ questionnaire adapted to the portuguese population. The results indicate that parents of hospitalized children assign more importance to the support needs and guidance and they are more independent from the hospital in what concerns the needs of the sick child and other family members. There are also some features, that either parents or hospitalized children, but also the hospitalization, have reference in a statistically and significant way with the satisfaction and the independence perceived by parents towards these two needs. The parents stay in the hospital environment brought a new paradigm for the care of hospitalized children, through the construction of health projects focused on family. Identify the needs of parents, allow nurses to develop skills to assess the stage of the life cycle of the child / family and define strategies of adaptation to the disease processes and the promotion of parental role. Keywords: Child, hospitalization, parental role, needs

    Arabic version of the personality inventory for the dsm-5 (Pid-5) in a community sample of United Arab Emirates nationals

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    © 2020 Coelho et al. Background: Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) proposes a model for conceptualizing personality disorders in which they are characterized by impairments in personality functioning and maladaptive personality traits. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a self-report measure that assesses the presence and severity of these maladaptive personality traits. Objective: The current study examined the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to measure maladaptive personality traits in the Emirati population of the United Arab Emirates. Methods: The Arabic version of the PID-5 was administered to a community sample of 1,090 United Arab Emirates nationals (89.5% female and 10.5% male, mean age = 22.44 years old). The descriptive measures, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity with NEO – Five Factor Inventory, as well as PID-5’s factor structure, were all addressed. Results: The PID-5facets and domains mean scores were higher in the Emirati sample compared to the original US sample. Internal consistency of the PID-5 scales was acceptable to high and test-retest coefficients ranged from 0.84 (facets) to 0.87 (domains). As expected, the five domains of the Arabic version of the PID-5 correlated significantly with all Five-Factor Model domains of personality. Additionally, the Arabic version of the PID-5 confirmed a five-factor structure that resembles the PID-5 domains. Conclusion: The findings of this study provided initial support for the use of the Arabic version of the PID-5 to assess maladaptive personality traits in the Emirati population of the United Arab Emirates

    Corporate Income Tax Changes in the Context of Earnings Management: a Review of the Literature

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    The purpose of the article/hypothesis: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the theoretical and empirical literature regarding tax-induced earnings management. In particular, the association between anticipated tax changes and earnings management is of interest to the authors.Methodology: This paper uses a systematic literature review to achieve its research objectives.Results of the research: The presented research is mostly devoted to tax rate decreases and focuses on accrual-based earnings management methods. In anticipation of a tax rate change, companies shift their income from a high to a low tax rate period. Moreover, the probability of tax-induced earnings management is higher in case of extreme changes in the tax rate, larger prospects for tax savings as well as in case of private firms. This paper identifies several inconsistencies and gaps in the current literature, emphasizing that the connection between firms’ characteristics, the level of book-tax conformity and the practice of earnings management remains unclear
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