Development of an IoT solution for detergent supervision in industrial washing machines

Dupla diplomação dom a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáAutomation of industrial activities aim to improve the efficiency of the productive processes while reducing costs and increasing safety. In industrial laundries, the detergent level measurement is a key element for asset management, mainly due to the necessity of maintaining a continuous flow of washing processes. Therefore, this work presents a solution implemented in the industrial laundry reservoirs of Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Bragança, in Portugal, using an Internet of Things (IoT) approach, which integrates a Wi-Fi based measurement system, capable of monitoring and recording the detergent liquid level from reservoirs in real-time. Thereby, a microcontrolled system was developed to perform level measurements using an ultrasonic sensor, in which data is sent to a database and, through a web based platform, the client can remotely access the measurement results. In order to facilitate the physical installation of the developed hardware in the existent setup, a custom-made enclosure was designed and 3D printed.A automação das atividades industriais tem como objetivo melhorar a eficiência de processos produtivos, reduzindo custos e aumentando a segurança. Em lavanderias industriais, a medição de nível de detergente líquido é um elemento fundamental para o gerenciamento de ativos, principalmente devido à necessidade de manter um fluxo contínuo dos processos de lavagem. Dessa forma, o trabalho apresenta uma solução implementada nos reservatórios da lavanderia industrial da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Bragança, em Portugal, usando uma abordagem de internet das coisas, na qual integra um sistema de medição com conexão Wi-Fi, capaz de monitorar e registrar o nível de detergente líquido dos reservatórios em tempo real. Com isso, foi desenvolvido um sistema microcontrolado responsável por realizar as medições de nível ulilizando sensor ultrasônico, na qual os dados são enviados para um banco de dados e, através de uma plataforma web, o cliente consiga acessar de forma remota o resultado das medições. Para facilitar a instalação do sistema nos reservatórios, um bujão foi desenhado sob medida e impresso em 3D

A TUTELA DO AMBIENTE E O PROBLEMA DO CONTROLE JURISDICIONAL DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: ENTRE O ATIVISMO E O PASSIVISMO

O estudo tem por objetivo averiguar a judicialização de políticas públicas para a tutela do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e esclarecer os limites de atuação, em vista dos ditames constitucionais e da função do Poder Judiciário no Estado Democrático de Direito. A pesquisa, jurídico-teórica, é orientada pelo raciocínio lógico-dedutivo, e conclui pela necessidade de repensar o exercício do controle judicial, amparado no direito e não no discurso meramente político

ACESSO À JUSTIÇA E ATUAÇÃO DO PODER JUDICIÁRIO PARA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO MEIO AMBIENTE

O estudo tem por escopo o exame do controle judicial na aplicação do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado ante a inércia dos demais poderes, além do concernente à melhor adequação dos intérpretes do direito quanto ao acesso à justiça, em vista das diretrizes e determinações constitucionais. A análise, que é jurídico-teórica, calca-se no raciocínio lógico-dedutivo e constata a exigência de repensar a atividade judicante com espeque no discurso jurídico, sem o realce do argumento puramente político, balizada nas necessidades sociais

Fisher's perceptions about a marine protected area over time

The perceptions of fishers towards the Arrábida Marine Park, a marine protected area (MPA) in the west coast of Portugal, were studied through face-to-face interviews in two different moments of the MPA life cycle. Fishers' perceptions about the MPA and the impact it had on the fishing activity over time were identified just before the full implementation of the zoning and regulations of the management plan and 10 years later. This study aimed to investigate fishers' knowledge, acceptance and perceptions about the MPA changed with time, if support for the MPA was linked to the impact of the MPA on the fishing activity, and if fishers' perceptions about the impact of the MPA on the fishing activity match with local landings trends. Results show that although knowledge about the marine park significantly improved over time, fishers' acceptance did not. A decrease on fishers' support was not substantial but occurred. Issues such as the disagreement with regulations reinforced concerns raised during the implementation of the marine park, particularly in relation to the top-down decision-making, which commonly confers minor participation, recognition and legitimacy to fishers. Apparently, fisheries benefits were still not perceived by local fishers, though they are central for fishers' support. Further, the perceived negative impacts of the park seemed to be more related to social aspects and individual interests than to impacts on catches. Addressing adequate management, enforcement and participation of local fishers is still possible and are advocated here as to contribute to the expected socioecological outcomes and respective support, leading to the future successful performance of the Arrábida Marine Park. Assessing fishers’ perceptions towards an MPA over time is central and should be included on periodical socioecological monitoring and inform an effective adaptive managementFudação ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

Ovulation induction in beef cows with different forages allowances during post partum

Este experimento teve por objetivo comparar a eficiência de um protocolo hormonal associado ao desmame por 96 horas com o desmame definitivo, em vacas em pastejo com diferentes ofertas forrageiras. Utilizaram-se 310 vacas (190 Aberdeen-Angus e 120 Charolês), entre 50 e 70 dias pós-parto, distribuídas em seis grupos. Os grupos A2, A5, B2 e B5 foram mantidos em maior (A2 e A5) e menor (B2 e B5) disponibilidade forrageira, no período parto-tratamento, e receberam (dia 0) 2mg (A2 e B2) e 5mg (A5 e B5) de benzoato de estradiol e dispositivo intravaginal com acetato de medroxiprogesterona (CIDR). Seis dias após, receberam 1.000 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina (eCG). No sétimo dia, foi retirado o CIDR e procedido ao desmame dos bezerros por 96 horas. Os grupos AD e BD foram constituídos por 52 e 48 vacas, permanecendo, respectivamente, em maior e menor disponibilidade forrageira, submetidas ao desmame definitivo dos bezerros (dia 7). Inseminaram-se as vacas que manifestaram estro entre os dias 7 e 17, sendo acasaladas, depois, até o 67ºdia. Nos dias 60 e 127 realizaram-se diagnósticos ultra-sonográficos de prenhez. Para análise dos dados, utilizou- se PROC CATMOD do pacote estatístico do SAS, não se verificando diferença (P>0,05) na prenhez entre os grupos com diferentes ofertas forrageiras. Uma nova análise das vacas, conforme seus ganhos de peso, indicou que o desmame definitivo proporciona melhor percentual de prenhez em relação ao modelo de tratamento hormonal utilizado. As vacas que perdem peso no período pós-parto respondem, ao desmame definitivo, mais lentamente do que as que ganham peso no mesmo período. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis experiment compared the efficiency of combined hormonal treatment and 96-hour calf removal with weaning in cows fed different forages allowances and with different weight gains. A total of 310 cows (190 Aberdeen Angus and 120 Charolais), 50 to 70 days postpartum, were sorted into 6 groups. Groups A2, A5, B2 and B5 were composed of 53, 49, 53 and 55 cows, respectively; the first two groups had higher forage availability, while the others had lower forage availability, in the postpartum period; groups A2 and B2 received 2mg estradiol benzoate (day zero) and the groups A5 and B5 5mg estradiol benzoate as well as an intra-vaginal device (CIDR) with progesterone. Six days later they received 1000UI equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). At day 7 the CIDR device was removed and the 96-hour calf removal period began. Groups AD and BD, with 52 and 48 cows and high and low forage availability respectively, in the postpartum period, were weaned on day 7. All cows that showed estrous were inseminated between day 7 and 17, and then were bred, up to day 67. Between days 60 and 127, ultrasounds diagnosis of pregnancy were performed. Data analysis was carried out using to the PROC CATMOD in the SAS statistical program. There were no significant differences in pregnancy (p>0.05) rates among groups submitted to different forage offers. Data was then analyzed according to whether the cow gamed or lost weight in the post partum period. These results indicate that weaning was more efficient than the hormonal treatment used and cows that lost weight in the have gained weight in the same period

Water Quality From Gualaxo Do Norte And Carmo Rivers (Minas Gerais, Brazil) After The Fundão Dam Failure

Mining waste is rich in trace elements, which present a high toxic potential and may represent a risk for aquatic ecosystems. The Fundão dam failure, considered the largest environmental disaster in the world, affected 663.2 km of watercourses, including Carmo and Gualaxo do Norte Rivers. The ore tail also affected the riverside communities, destroying villages, killing people and affecting the subsistence farming. To evaluate the influence of the mine tailing wave on the water quality of the Carmo and Gualaxo do Norte Rivers water samples were collected at nine points located in Barra Longa during the rainy season. Physicochemical parameters (conductivity, resistivity, EH, total dissolved solids, pH and temperature) and major, minor and trace elements concentrations (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sc, Sr, V, Zn, As, Pb, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated and compared with previous studies and conformity limits established by a national resolution (CONAMA Resolution N°357/2005). Only conductivity, Fe and Mn presented non-conformity values according to CONAMA Resolution N°357/2005. These results may be related not only to the dam burst but also to the rainy season and non-detectable pollution sources. Furthermore, the decreased levels in the toxic elements in the rivers over time, may be related to its association with sediments in addition to their flux to the Atlantic Ocean. Thus, after nearly six years, the environmental and social impacts are still alive and the minerals dragged to the riverbed could bring cumulative effects for the entire environment what means an uncertain future to the Rio Doce Basin and adjacent coastal zone

Removal of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) from water using modifed residues of Anacardium occidentale L

The pollution of water has been one of the greatest problems faced by the modern society, due to industrialization and urban growth. Rivers, lakes and seas have been continually suffering from the rising concentration of various pollutants, especially toxic elements. This study aimed to evaluate the use of cashew nut shell (Anacardium occidentale) (CNS), after chemical modification with H2O2, H2SO4 and NaOH, as an new and renewable adsorbent material, for the removal of metals Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ in aqueous medium. The adsorbents were characterized by its chemical constitution, structure, infrared spectroscopy, morphology, by means of scanning electron microscopy, determination of the point of zero charge, thermogravimetrical analysis and porosimetry assessments. Tests were conducted to determine the optimal conditions (pH vs. adsorbent mass) for adsorption, by means of multivariate analysis using a central composite design. The adsorption kinetics was evaluated by models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion, while adsorption isotherms were linearized by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich. The effect of initial concentration, temperature and desorption was also performed. The adsorbents exhibited irregular, spongy and heterogeneous structure. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of hydroxyl, aliphatic, phenolic and carboxylic acid groups, which are favorable adsorption characteristics. The pHPZC of adsorbent is 4.35, 2.50 e 6.92, respectively, for CNS H2O2, H2SO4 and NaOH. The optimum adsorption conditions were as follows: pH 5.0; relation of adsorbent mass/volume of water: 4 g L−1; 40 min of contact time for reaching the equilibration. Results suggest the predominance of chemisorption of Cd2+ and Cr3+. Most of biosorbents exhibited good fit by Langmuir and Freundlich, suggesting the occurrence of adsorption on mono- and multilayers. The adsorbents of cashew nut shell exhibited high removal efficiency of Cd, Pb and Cr from watersTo Capes and CNPq for the funding of this researchS

Agricultura convencional versus sistemas agroecológicos: modelos, impactos, avaliação da qualidade e perspectivas

The agriculture world is very representative concerning to the use of the planet areas. This review aimed at to evaluate the main negative impacts of conventional agriculture and the relation to the most ecological models of production, highlighting the forms of assessment and the replacement of a traditional system by an agroecological system. The traditional conventional agriculture model currently used requires large amounts of external inputs, such as inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, although these inputs are used improperly in many cases, causing potential risks to the environment. This environmental impact caused by the conventional agriculture, besides the increased use of non-renewable resources, favors the emergence of other alternatives, like the agroecological model and the organic farming. There are several indicators that evaluate the quality of different soil management in agriculture today, becoming important elements for the validation, or not, of new methods to be employed in agricultural cultivation. There is a great debate about the changes in production systems, the economic factor on the one hand, and the environmental issues on the other. Hence, the need of the system changing aiming at more sustainable forms of agriculture, especially to the environmental costs caused by the intensive and conventional farming, is highlighted in the current agriculture.A agricultura mundial é muito representativa no que se diz respeito à utilização de áreas do planeta. Esta revisão objetivou avaliar os principais impactos negativos da agricultura convencional e relação aos modelos mais ecológicos de produção, evidenciando as formas de avaliação e possível substituição de um sistema tradicional por um sistema agroecológico. O modelo de agricultura convencional tradicional utilizado atualmente requer grandes quantidades de insumos externos, como fertilizantes inorgânicos e agrotóxicos para sua manutenção e, em muitos casos, esses insumos são utilizados de maneira inadequada, gerando riscos potenciais ao meio ambiente. Esse impacto ambiental causado pela agricultura convencional, além do aumento do uso de recursos naturais não renováveis, vem fazendo com que alternativas de substituição deste modelo atual sejam inseridas, como os modelos agroecológicos, dentre eles o cultivo orgânico. Vários são os indicadores que avaliam a qualidade dos diferentes sistemas de manejo adotados na agricultura atual, sendo importantes para validação ou não de novos métodos a serem empregados no cultivo agrícola. Existem grandes discussões a respeito das mudanças nos sistemas produtivos, de um lado o fator econômico e do outro as questões ambientais. A partir disso, o que se evidencia na agricultura atual, é a necessidade de mudança do sistema, buscando-se formas de agricultura mais sustentáveis, principalmente em relação aos custos ambientais causados pela agricultura intensiva e convencional