Programa Historia Regional de San Juan : capacitación: Diplomatura Superior en Historia de San Juan

El contexto del siglo XXI demanda individuos que cuenten con competencias cognitivas, para hacer frente a las situaciones de cambio y transformación del conocimiento como parte constitutiva de una sociedad marcada por la incertidumbre y abierta al futuro. En este marco adquiere plena vigencia el estudio y la enseñanza de la Historia a efectos de la construcción de la identidad y de la conciencia histórica. Objetivos: abordar los procesos históricos en sus distintas dimensiones (político, ideológico, cultural y socioeconómica) de San Juan a lo largo de su historia; generar espacios de reflexión e intercambio de ideas sobre temas relativos a la historia de San Juan desde múltiples perspectivas teórico-metodológicas; favorecer líneas colaborativas de vinculación, formación, investigación y transferencia en el campo de la historia de San Juan. Resultados:la Diplomatura constituyó un espacio de formación permanente para el abordaje de la historia de San Juan generando espacios de problematización del conocimiento. ofreciendo aportes teóricometodológicos significativos para su comprensión y enseñanza, que incidieron en la formación integral y el quehacer profesional. Promovió la vinculación entre Universidad y Sociedad, entre los niveles del sistema educativo favoreciendo el intercambio de experiencias, la articulación como política de acercamiento y acceso a carreras de grado de nivel superior.Fil: Clavel Jameson, María Susana. Universidad Nacional de San Juan.Fil: Gnecco, María Julia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan.Fil: Varas, Adela. Universidad Nacional de San Juan

Conversatorio "Memoria y patrimonio histórico cultural en el contexto de la reconstrucción de San Juan pos terremoto"

Son destacados los lineamientos de la política gubernamental y determinar el patrimonio intangible y tangible. Es determinado el impacto que produjo la ocurrencia del terremoto y el proceso de la reconstrucción en lo patrimonial. En este sentido la búsqueda del significado del patrimonio tiene que ver con una memoria compartida, con la historia común, con todo lo particular que posee cada cultura. De esta manera encontrando a los sujetos históricos a través de sus huellas, podremos aportar un genuino proceso de búsqueda de nuestra identidad, logrando una relación orgánica entre presente y pasado, respondiendo a los interrogantes del presente histórico. Resultados ó conclusiones más destacadas: se construyó un ámbito de encuentro y diálogo recíproco con graduados e investigadores que permitió estimular el análisis y el pensamiento crítico referido a la memoria histórica en sus diferentes enfoques y su vinculación con el patrimonio histórico cultural en el contexto de la Reconstrucción de San Juan pos terremoto. A partir de la exposición de una docente investigadora invitada hubo intervenciones dinámicas de los participantes compartiendo visiones, perspectivas y enfoques.Fil: Clavel Jameson, María Susana . Universidad Nacional de San Juan.Fil: Bustos, Luciana . Universidad Nacional de San Juan.Fil: Zappala, Mariela . Universidad Nacional de San Juan.Fil: Gnecco, María Julia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan

Metabolic Activation of Intrahepatic CD8+ T Cells and NKT Cells Causes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Liver Cancer via Cross-Talk with Hepatocytes

SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fastest rising cancer in the United States and increasing in Europe, often occurs with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mechanisms underlying NASH and NASH-induced HCC are largely unknown. We developed a mouse model recapitulating key features of human metabolic syndrome, NASH, and HCC by long-term feeding of a choline-deficient high-fat diet. This induced activated intrahepatic CD8+ T cells, NKT cells, and inflammatory cytokines, similar to NASH patients. CD8+ T cells and NKT cells but not myeloid cells promote NASH and HCC through interactions with hepatocytes. NKT cells primarily cause steatosis via secreted LIGHT, while CD8+ and NKT cells cooperatively induce liver damage. Hepatocellular LTβR and canonical NF-κB signaling facilitate NASH-to-HCC transition, demonstrating that distinct molecular mechanisms determine NASH and HCC development

“Viceversos SocioArquitectónicos”: líneas de transversalidad entre Sociología, Geografía y Arquitectura

Introduciendo en los espacios de discusión al Departamento de Geografía Humana, el objetivo de la Red para retro-alimentar prácticas docentes mediante la aplicación de metodologías aparentemente exclusivas se mantiene, como también que dichas metodologías compartidas se aplican en acciones participadas por estudiantes y que acaban constituyendo prácticas para ser presentadas como TFGs o PFCs. El balance en cuanto a materiales producidos cuya visibilidad es ahora pública es: una comunicación presentada y leída; otra comunicación presentada y prevista su lectura en Noviembre; dos resúmenes presentados, una comunicación y organización de la Jornada “Competencias Cívicas”; y el inicio de otros campos de trabajo que se apuntan para el curso próximo. El último formato de debate y expositivo tuvo lugar fuera de la Universidad, con una jornada de investigación abierta al público y que actuó como motor de iniciativas de contenidos o metodologías sobre desarrollo local, técnicas de diseño compartido, patrimonio, medición de impactos en proyectos, fabricación digital y virtualización

Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia : An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium

Although recent studies have demonstrated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and several pediatric cancers, less is known about their role on childhood leukemia susceptibility. Using data from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium, we evaluated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and childhood leukemia. Pooling consortium data from 18 questionnaire-based and three registry-based case-control studies across 13 countries, we used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between a spectrum of birth defects and leukemia. Our analyses included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 13 115) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 2120) cases, along with 46 172 controls. We used the false discovery rate to account for multiple comparisons. In the questionnaire-based studies, the prevalence of birth defects was 5% among cases vs 4% in controls, whereas, in the registry-based studies, the prevalence was 11% among cases vs 7% in controls. In pooled adjusted analyses, there were several notable associations, including (1) digestive system defects and ALL (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.46-4.98); (2) congenital anomalies of the heart and circulatory system and AML (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.81-4.52) and (3) nervous system defects and AML (OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 1.50-11.89). Effect sizes were generally larger in registry-based studies. Overall, our results could point to novel genetic and environmental factors associated with birth defects that could also increase leukemia susceptibility. Additionally, differences between questionnaire- and registry-based studies point to the importance of complementary sources of birth defect phenotype data when exploring these associations

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Associations between habitual diet, metabolic disease, and the gut microbiota using latent Dirichlet allocation

Background: The gut microbiome impacts human health through various mechanisms and is involved in the development of a range of non-communicable diseases. Diet is a well-known factor influencing microbe-host interaction in health and disease. However, very few findings are based on large-scale analysis using population-based studies. Our aim was to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between habitual dietary intake and gut microbiota structure in the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 study. Results: Fecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) was applied to samples from 1992 participants to identify 20 microbial subgroups within the study population. Each participant’s gut microbiota was subsequently described by a unique composition of these 20 subgroups. Associations between habitual dietary intake, assessed via repeated 24-h food lists and a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the 20 subgroups, as well as between prevalence of metabolic diseases/risk factors and the subgroups, were assessed with multivariate-adjusted Dirichlet regression models. After adjustment for multiple testing, eight of 20 microbial subgroups were significantly associated with habitual diet, while nine of 20 microbial subgroups were associated with the prevalence of one or more metabolic diseases/risk factors. Subgroups 5 (Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Gemmiger, Roseburia) and 14 (Coprococcus, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus) were particularly strongly associated with diet. For example, participants with a high probability for subgroup 5 were characterized by a higher Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score and a higher intake of food items such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, while participants with prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus were characterized by a lower probability for subgroup 5. Conclusions: The associations between habitual diet, metabolic diseases, and microbial subgroups identified in this analysis not only expand upon current knowledge of diet-microbiota-disease relationships, but also indicate the possibility of certain microbial groups to be modulated by dietary intervention, with the potential of impacting human health. Additionally, LDA appears to be a powerful tool for interpreting latent structures of the human gut microbiota. However, the subgroups and associations observed in this analysis need to be replicated in further studies. [MediaObject not available: see fulltext.]

Sex-related factors in valvular heart disease : JACC Focus Seminar 5/7

Numerous sex-based differences are observed across the spectrum of valvular heart disease, starting with pathophysiology and progression of disease, moving on to compensation and comorbidities (both cardiovascular such as coronary artery disease and noncardiovascular such as frailty), assessment of severity and hemodynamics including timing of intervention, and procedural risks/benefits and outcomes. The aortic valve is perhaps best understood with sex differences in both pathologic changes and response to volume and pressure overload, yet large gaps in our understanding still exist. Studies of other valve diseases have focused on differences in prevalence, presentation, and outcomes for surgical or transcatheter therapies. Defining sex-specific responses to valvular heart disease may improve disease recognition, define treatment strategies, and improve outcomes