209 research outputs found
Le statut philosophique des communes médiévales chez Saint-Simon, A. Thierry et A. Comte
Ă la question « comment terminer la RĂ©volution ? » qui obsĂšde la rĂ©flexion politique sous la Restauration, rĂ©pond en Ă©cho une autre question, plus historique peut-ĂȘtre, mais tout aussi idĂ©ologique : quand la RĂ©volution a-t-elle vĂ©ritablement commencĂ©Â ? Les Ă©vĂ©nements de 1789 sont alors compris comme le point dâaboutissement, ou comme une Ă©tape particuliĂšrement importante, dâun mouvement plus ancien, destinĂ© Ă abattre lâordre politique mis en place par le Moyen Ăge. Dans cette perspective, lâa..
Introduction
Lâambition de ce dossier est Ă la fois dâaffirmer lâimportance de la rĂ©ception de lâĆuvre de Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis durant toute la premiĂšre moitiĂ© du XIXe siĂšcle, et de montrer que, tant dans le domaine philosophique que mĂ©dical, psychophysiologique plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, la lecture des Rapports du physique et du moral de lâhomme a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminante pour la construction dâune nouvelle science de lâhomme. Lâimportance de cette rĂ©ception nâest en soi guĂšre contestable. Rappelons en guise dâillu..
Black fungi in lichens from seasonally arid habitats
We present a phylogenetic study of black fungi in lichens, primarily
focusing on saxicolous samples from seasonally arid habitats in Armenia, but
also with examples from other sites. Culturable strains of lichen-associated
black fungi were obtained by isolation from surface-washed lichen material.
Determination is based on ITS rDNA sequence data and comparison with published
sequences from other sources. The genera Capnobotryella,
Cladophialophora, Coniosporium, Mycosphaerella, and
Rhinocladiella were found in different lichen species, which showed
no pathogenic symptoms. A clade of predominantly lichen-associated strains is
present only in Rhinocladiella, whereas samples of the remaining
genera were grouped more clearly in clades with species from other sources.
The ecology of most-closely related strains indicates that
Capnobotryella and Coniosporium, and perhaps also
Rhinocladiella strains opportunistically colonise lichens. In
contrast, high sequence divergence in strains assigned to
Mycosphaerella could indicate the presence of several lichen-specific
species with unknown range of hosts or habitats, which are distantly related
to plant-inhabitants. Similar applies to Cladophialophora strains,
where the closest relatives of the strains from lichens are serious human
pathogens
Lichen flora of Ćœumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park, NW Croatia
During 2007 and 2008 epiphytic and terrestrial lichen communities were surveyed in the Ćœumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park (NW Croatia); 84 taxa were recorded including, Lecanora thysanophora, which was new to Croatia, and four, Bryoria fuscescens, Lobaria pulmonaria, Usnea subfloridana and Usnea hirta, which are red data species in Croatia
Diversity and Functional Traits of Lichens in Ultramafic Areas: A Literature Based Worldwide Analysis Integrated by Field Data at the Regional Scale
While higher plant communities found on ultramafics are known to display peculiar characteristics, the distinguishability of any peculiarity in lichen communities is still a matter of contention. Other biotic or abiotic factors, rather than substrate chemistry, may contribute to differences in species composition reported for lichens on adjacent ultramafic and non-ultramafic areas. This work examines the lichen biota of ultramafics, at global and regional scales, with reference to species-specific functional traits. An updated world list of lichens on ultramafic substrates was analyzed to verify potential relationships between diversity and functional traits of lichens in different KöppenâGeiger climate zones. Moreover, a survey of diversity and functional traits in saxicolous communities on ultramafic and non-ultramafic substrates was conducted in Valle dâAosta (North-West Italy) to verify whether a relationship can be detected between substrate and functional traits that cannot be explained by other environmental factors related to altitude. Analyses (unweighted pair group mean average clustering, canonical correspondence analysis, similarity-difference-replacement simplex approach) of global lichen diversity on ultramafic substrates (2314 reports of 881 taxa from 43 areas) displayed a zonal species distribution in different climate zones rather than an azonal distribution driven by the shared substrate. Accordingly, variations in the frequency of functional attributes reflected reported adaptations to the climate conditions of the different geographic areas. At the regional scale, higher similarity and lower species replacement were detected at each altitude, independent from the substrate, suggesting that altitude-related climate factors prevail over putative substrateâfactors in driving community assemblages. In conclusion, data do not reveal peculiarities in lichen diversity or the frequency of functional traits in ultramafic areas
Biological colonization and biodeterioration of architectural ceramic materials: An overview
Traduction d'opuscules de Leibniz (Eléments de calcul, Echantillon de calcul universel, Supplément à Echantillon de calcul universel, Sur la synthÚse et l'analyse universelles, Quelques difficultés logiques, Sur les vérités premiÚres)
International audienc
Le « culte » et la « culture » chez Auguste Comte : la destination morale de la religion positiviste
International audienceThe Religion of Humanity is in origin the result of two significant lines of reflection, one specifically moral, considering the conditions of unity at once individual and collective, the other at the outset âsociologicalâ or political, then specifically religious, with respect to the notion of Humanity. The purpose of this article is to show more particularly the importance of the moral problematic in the construction of the Positivist religion. It is this that provides the theoretical framework at the interior of which the cult of Humanity acquires a truly religious dimension. It is this that permits the organization of a genetic study of the texts where the premises of religious thought are elaborated: the conversations with Lafitte, the plans for the course of 1847, and the different versions of the chart of the brain. Finally, it is apparent to us that the thesis thus put forward has provided the key to a fully philosophic reading of the correspondence with Clotilde de VauxLa religion de lâHumanitĂ© est, dans sa genĂšse, le rĂ©sultat de deux grandes lignes de rĂ©flexions, lâune spĂ©cifiquement morale, sâinterrogeant sur les conditions de lâunitĂ© Ă la fois individuelle et collective, et lâautre dâabord « sociologique » ou politique, puis spĂ©cifiquement religieuse, relative Ă la notion dâHumanitĂ©. Lâobjet de cet article est de montrer plus particuliĂšrement lâimportance de la problĂ©matique morale dans la construction de la religion positiviste : celle-ci fournit le cadre thĂ©orique Ă lâintĂ©rieur duquel le culte de lâHumanitĂ© acquiert une dimension vĂ©ritablement religieuse. Câest ce que permet dâĂ©tablir une Ă©tude gĂ©nĂ©tique des textes oĂč sâĂ©laborent les prĂ©misses de lâidĂ©e religieuse : les conversations avec Laffitte, les plans du cours de 1847, et les diffĂ©rentes versions du tableau cĂ©rĂ©bral. Il nous est enfin apparu que la thĂšse ainsi dĂ©gagĂ©e fournissait la clef dâune lecture pleinement philosophique de la correspondance avec Clotilde de Vaux
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