Business Sustainability Index (Bsi): The association between Economic and Financial indicators with company’s into the index

TCC (Graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Socioeconômico. Curso de Ciências ContábeisEste artigo objetiva verificar quais os indicadores econômico-financeiros das empresas que estão associados à sua entrada no Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE). Para tanto, analisaram-se os seguintes indicadores: Impacto, Ativo, Receita, Lucro, Rentabilidade do Ativo, Rentabilidade do Patrimônio Líquido, Endividamento, Capital de Terceiros (Kd), Valor de Mercado, Preço da Ação e Emissão de ADR, entre o período de 2005 a 2012. A amostra da pesquisa compreende as 200 empresas mais líquidas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA), em cada ano investigado. A relevância deste estudo se justifica pelo fato de evidenciar, por meio dos resultados, as principais características econômicofinanceiras que possui uma empresa a qual investe em responsabilidade socioambiental. Utilizou-se para a pesquisa a técnica de Análise de Correspondência (ANACOR), a qual analisa a associação entre duas variáveis, verificando se elas possuem relação por meio do Teste Qui-Quadrado. Em seguida, para gerar os mapas perceptuais foi utilizada a Análise de Homogeneidade (HOMALS). Concluiu-se neste estudo que há quatro indicadores associados à entrada das empresas no ISE, são eles: Ativo, Valor de Mercado, Receita e Lucro. Assim, percebe-se que o Tamanho da empresa é uma característica determinante para que ela faça parte da carteira do ISE

Introduction: Max Weber's 'Science as a Vocation' as a Political Failure

Science as a Vocation was one episode within Weber’s broader charm offensive toward German students. Between 1917 and 1919, he tried to entice students into his view of university teaching and into the understanding of the relation between science and action, including political action that was embodied in his own life philosophy. Weber deployed this attempt to seduce students because he considered them to be the future of Germany and also because he thought that they were jeopardized by circumstances of their modern times and the radical ideologies propagated by a variety of prophets, in and outside the university. Weber was right in that the students had to reorient their lives. This reorientation was not only a result of their age; for many, it was also a consequence of having fought at the front. Young people frequently experienced the war years as bringing societal and individual disorder and sharpening the preexisting problems of the Kaiserreich. In the face of adversity, Weber wanted to show them his way of confronting such conditions. Accordingly, as he engaged with the young students, Weber deployed all his skills as an “educator” (Hennis). However, Weber’s attempt can be counted among his political failures

Deep Learning-based Solutions to Improve Diagnosis in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

[eng] Deep Learning (DL) models have gained extensive attention due to their remarkable performance in a wide range of real-world applications, particularly in computer vision. This achievement, combined with the increase in available medical records, has made it possible to open up new opportunities for analyzing and interpreting healthcare data. This symbiotic relationship can enhance the diagnostic process by identifying abnormalities, patterns, and trends, resulting in more precise, personalized, and effective healthcare for patients. Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique used to visualize the entire Gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Up to this moment, physicians meticulously review the captured frames to identify pathologies and diagnose patients. This manual process is time- consuming and prone to errors due to the challenges of interpreting the complex nature of WCE procedures. Thus, it demands a high level of attention, expertise, and experience. To overcome these drawbacks, shorten the screening process, and improve the diagnosis, efficient and accurate DL methods are required. This thesis proposes DL solutions to the following problems encountered in the analysis of WCE studies: pathology detection, anatomical landmark identification, and Out-of-Distribution (OOD) sample handling. These solutions aim to achieve robust systems that minimize the duration of the video analysis and reduce the number of undetected lesions. Throughout their development, several DL drawbacks have appeared, including small and imbalanced datasets. These limitations have also been addressed, ensuring that they do not hinder the generalization of neural networks, leading to suboptimal performance and overfitting. To address the previous WCE problems and overcome the DL challenges, the proposed systems adopt various strategies that utilize the power advantage of Triplet Loss (TL) and Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) techniques. Mainly, TL has been used to improve the generalization of the models, while SSL methods have been employed to leverage the unlabeled data to obtain useful representations. The presented methods achieve State-of-the-art results in the aforementioned medical problems and contribute to the ongoing research to improve the diagnostic of WCE studies.[cat] Els models d’aprenentatge profund (AP) han acaparat molta atenció a causa del seu rendiment en una àmplia gamma d'aplicacions del món real, especialment en visió per ordinador. Aquest fet, combinat amb l'increment de registres mèdics disponibles, ha permès obrir noves oportunitats per analitzar i interpretar les dades sanitàries. Aquesta relació simbiòtica pot millorar el procés de diagnòstic identificant anomalies, patrons i tendències, amb la conseqüent obtenció de diagnòstics sanitaris més precisos, personalitzats i eficients per als pacients. La Capsula endoscòpica (WCE) és una tècnica d'imatge mèdica no invasiva utilitzada per visualitzar tot el tracte gastrointestinal (GI). Fins ara, els metges revisen minuciosament els fotogrames capturats per identificar patologies i diagnosticar pacients. Aquest procés manual requereix temps i és propens a errors. Per tant, exigeix un alt nivell d'atenció, experiència i especialització. Per superar aquests inconvenients, reduir la durada del procés de detecció i millorar el diagnòstic, es requereixen mètodes eficients i precisos d’AP. Aquesta tesi proposa solucions que utilitzen AP per als següents problemes trobats en l'anàlisi dels estudis de WCE: detecció de patologies, identificació de punts de referència anatòmics i gestió de mostres que pertanyen fora del domini. Aquestes solucions tenen com a objectiu aconseguir sistemes robustos que minimitzin la durada de l'anàlisi del vídeo i redueixin el nombre de lesions no detectades. Durant el seu desenvolupament, han sorgit diversos inconvenients relacionats amb l’AP, com ara conjunts de dades petits i desequilibrats. Aquestes limitacions també s'han abordat per assegurar que no obstaculitzin la generalització de les xarxes neuronals, evitant un rendiment subòptim. Per abordar els problemes anteriors de WCE i superar els reptes d’AP, els sistemes proposats adopten diverses estratègies que aprofiten l'avantatge de la Triplet Loss (TL) i les tècniques d’auto-aprenentatge. Principalment, s'ha utilitzat TL per millorar la generalització dels models, mentre que els mètodes d’autoaprenentatge s'han emprat per aprofitar les dades sense etiquetar i obtenir representacions útils. Els mètodes presentats aconsegueixen bons resultats en els problemes mèdics esmentats i contribueixen a la investigació en curs per millorar el diagnòstic dels estudis de WCE

Modeling Prehistoric Health in the Middle Cumberland Region of Tennessee: Mississippian Populations on the Threshold of Collapse

This research explores differences in mortality and survivorship resulting from factors associated with the abandonment of the Middle Cumberland Region (MCR) of Tennessee during the Mississippian period (ca. 1000-1500 AD). My dissertation investigates whether individuals from the Late Mississippian period had a greater risk of death than individuals from the Early Mississippian period. Adult age-at-death estimates (n=545) were calculated using Transition Analysis, a Bayesian maximum likelihood method. Gompertz and Gompertz-Makeham hazard models were utilized to reconstruct the mortality profile of the MCR as they model human adult mortality and generate robust parametric mortality profiles. Rather than recount the prevalence of disease conditions, this project uses MCR skeletal data to understand the biological, social, and ecological processes that positioned some individuals in the community with a greater risk of death than others. To this end, biological markers of childhood physiological stress and poor dental health, skeletal evidence of warfare-related trauma, and paleoclimate data were analyzed as health co-variates in a series of Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and log-rank tests. The paleodemographic results suggest that survivorship did not simply decrease with age. Marked differences between the sexes indicate that females had increased mortality compared to males. Survivorship of males decreased sharply from the Early Mississippian to Late Mississippian period, possibly due to elevated rates of conflict. On the whole, mortality was elevated in the Late Mississippian period compared to the Early Mississippian period. Paleoepidemiological results demonstrate that risk of death was not uniform across the MCR during the Mississippian period. While some findings support traditional interpretations that the presence of certain conditions (porotic hyperostosis, carious lesions, skeletal trauma) had a negative impact on survivorship, results for linear enamel hypoplasias, dental abscesses, and antemortem tooth loss offer support for the osteological paradox

Financial Stability and Monetary Policy - The case of Brazil

This paper investigates the effects of monetary policy over banks' loans growth and non-performing loans for the recent period in Brazil. We contribute to the literature on bank lending and risk taking channel by showing that during periods of loosening/tightening monetary policy, banks increase/decrease their loans. Moreover, our results illustrate that large, well-capitalized and liquid banks absorb better the effects of monetary policy shocks. We also find that low interest rates lead to an increase in credit risk exposure, supporting the existence of a risk-taking channel. Finally, we show that the impact of monetary policy differs across state-owned, foreign and private domestic banks. These results are important for developing and conducting monetary policy.

The Cold War Origins of Global IR. The Rockefeller Foundation and Realism in Latin America

The literature on global international relations (IR) has argued that the discipline develops in the footsteps of world politics, but no sustained attention has been given to more immediate causes such as the funders that pay for IR teaching and scholarship. These donor–recipient relations have only attracted the attention of authors interested in cultural hegemony and those contributing to the recent historiography of IR. Among the latter, some have studied how during the Cold War the Rockefeller Foundation attempted to buttress classical realism in the United States and Western Europe. This article connects and moves forward IR historiography and the global IR literature by shedding light on philanthropic foundations’ attempts to further a specific IR theory—classical realism—and area studies in the global south. The article argues that world politics influenced global IR, but this influence was mediated by highly contingent events. Even a proximate cause like science patronage, let alone “world politics,” is not a sufficient cause capable of determining IR theories and disciplinary boundaries. Donors may achieve some impact but only under specific circumstances such as the ones explored here, that is, the donor is a unitary actor determined to advance its agenda by resorting to conditionality, alternative donors and funding are scarce, the discipline is either poorly or not institutionalized, and the recipient perceives the donor's preferences as legitimate. The article uses previously untapped, fine-grained, primary sources to unravel philanthropy's impact on Latin America's first IR center. Because science patronage is exposed to many sources of indeterminacy and to contingency, donors cannot determine scholarship, which makes cultural hegemony all but impossible. Still, IR scholars need to study their patrons to understand their discipline, in and outside Europe and the United States.La bibliografía sobre Relaciones Internacionales (RI) globales sostiene que la disciplina se desarrolla al compás de la política mundial, pero no se ha prestado una atención sostenida a las causas más inmediatas, como los fondos que financian la enseñanza y el estudio académico de las RI. Estas relaciones entre donantes y beneficiarios solo han atraído la atención de los autores interesados en la hegemonía cultural y de los que contribuyen a la historiografía reciente de las RI. Entre estos últimos, algunos han estudiado el intento de la Fundación Rockefeller de apoyar el realismo clásico en los Estados Unidos y la Europa Occidental durante la Guerra Fría. Este artículo conecta y promueve la historiografía y la bibliografía de las RI globales al arrojar luz sobre los intentos de las fundaciones filantrópicas que buscan promover una teoría específica de las RI (el realismo clásico) y los estudios de área en el sur global. El artículo sostiene que la política mundial influyó en las RI globales, pero esta influencia estuvo mediada por acontecimientos de carácter muy contingente. Ni siquiera una causa inmediata, como el mecenazgo científico, ni mucho menos la “política mundial” son causas suficientes que puedan determinar las teorías de las RI y los límites disciplinarios. Los donantes pueden lograr cierto impacto, pero solo en circunstancias específicas como las que se exploran aquí; es decir, el donante es un actor unitario decidido a promover su agenda recurriendo a la condicionalidad, los donantes y la financiación alternativos son escasos, la disciplina está poco o nada institucionalizada y el receptor percibe las preferencias del donante como legítimas. El artículo utiliza fuentes primarias, hasta ahora inexploradas, para desentrañar el impacto de la filantropía en el primer centro de investigación en relaciones internacionales de la región. Dado que el mecenazgo científico está expuesto a muchas fuentes de indeterminación y a la contingencia, los donantes no pueden determinar los estudios académicos, lo que hace que la hegemonía cultural sea casi imposible. Aun así, los académicos de las RI necesitan estudiar a sus mecenas para entender su disciplina, dentro y fuera de Europa y los Estados Unidos

La gran dama: Science Patronage, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican Social Sciences in the 1940s

If Latin America's public universities are considered part of the state, then it seems plausible to characterise them as similar to the state, i.e. as clientelistic. However, this plausible hypothesis has never been examined by the literature on twentieth-century Mexican social sciences. Just like clientelism, science patrons such as US philanthropic foundations have similarly been neglected. In this article I argue that, as an alternative to what the Rockefeller Foundation perceived as clientelism and amateurism at Latin American universities, it claimed to patronise liberal scholarship, practised according to formal rational criteria. While foundations have been frequently considered part of a US imperialistic drive towards cultural hegemony in Latin America, they were not unitary actors and frequently failed to predict the actual impact of their grants. In Mexico in the 1940s, the Rockefeller Foundation boosted the humanities, but missed the opportunity to support a local take on social science teaching and research

Problemas y perspectivas de la democracia española

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