O ciberespaço: os desafios da formação de normas

The rules of appropriate conduct in cyberspace have always been a discussion throughout the various years, especially between States. With the rapid expansion of cyberspace, the creation of an international regime for the conduct of States became necessary, however, the many different vulnerabilities, actors, and even definitions made the consensus process difficult. The attributional question of cyberspace, however, was the question that most impeded the process. Technical advances in this area, along with the use of legal standards of proof made public attribution possible and more common. This paper seeks to investigate the link between public attribution with what is possibly an embryo of an international regime for cyberspace with a case study of NotPetya as emblematic of this trend.Keywords: Cyberspace; Public Attribution; International Regimes.As regras de conduta apropriadas no ciberespaço sempre foram uma grande discussão ao longo dos anos, especialmente entre os Estados. A rápida expansão do ciberespaço tornou necessária a criação de um regime internacional para a conduta dos Estados, no entanto, as diversas vulnerabilidades existentes, atores e até definições diferentes dificultam o processo de consenso. A questão de atribuição de cyber incidentes, no entanto, era a questão que mais impedia o processo. Com avanços técnicos nesta área juntamente com a utilização de processos investigativos legais, atribuição pública está se tornando mais comum. Este estudo investiga a ligação entre atribuição pública e o que é possivelmente um novo regime no ciberespaço, utilizando um breve estudo de caso do NotPetya e como este é emblemático desta nova tendência.Palavras-Chave: Ciberespaço; Atribuição Pública; Regimes Internacionais

Oral myiasis: a case report in a child with cerebral palsy

This case report added Myiasis is a parasitic disease that affects humans and other vertebrates. A rare condition in humans, myiasis is a worldwide phenomenon, with a higher incidence being observed in tropical and subtropical regions. Oral myiasis is rarely observed in children, is uncommon in the oral cavity, more specifically periodontal tissue. This uncommon condition is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical American and others country where low socioeconomic conditions, residence in rural areas, mental deficiency and precarious hygiene conditions. This case reports a reality of a child with cerebral palsy in a Public Hospital in São Luis, Ma, Brasil

A Questão Agrária brasileira: uma análise dos governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores entre os anos de 2003-2010

Anais das IV Jornadas Internacionais de Problemas Latino-Americanos: Lutas, Experiências e Debates na América Latina - ISBN 978-950-793-223-6 - Orgs. Paulo Renato da Silva ; Mario Ayala ; Fabricio Pereira da Silva ; Fernando José MartinsEsta pesquisa está ligada as pesquisas mais amplas denominadas “Territorialidades em tensão: movimentos sociais, agronegócio e políticas de reforma agrária no Brasil entre 1985 a 2010” e vem sendo desenvolvidas junto ao Centro de Pesquisa e Estudos Agrários e Ambientais – CPEA na Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, com o financiamento do Conselho Nacional de De- senvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq. Tem-se a intenção de analisar os limites e as possibilidades das políticas públicas dos governos do partido dos trabalhadores para a realização da Reforma Agrária no Brasil, analisando também seu projeto de reforma agrária e sua implemen- tação no período de 2003-2010. Desenvolvendo uma análise acerca das permanências e/ou as mu- danças de ações adotadas respectivamente no primeiro e segundo mandato e traçando um panora- ma das suas propostas e projetos anteriores e posteriores as vitórias nas urnas. Sobretudo, procu- rar-se-á desenvolver essa problemática a partir da análise dos processos resultantes do II Plano Nacional de Reforma Agrária – II PNRA, desde a sua elaboração até quando esse foi deixado para trás em 2007.PPG – IELA – UNIL

Impacts of wildfires on hydrological ecosystem services

Forest and natural landscapes are usually considered to provide increased hydrological services over agriculture due to increased vegetation cover. Natural vegetation is expected to protect soils against erosion, regulate floods by increasing litter and soil water retention and decreased sediment yield. Afforestation is therefore used to control floods and prevent soil degradation, and water supplies are usually taken from forested watersheds. In the second half of the XXth century, agricultural abandonment in the northern rim of the Mediterranean led to extensive afforestation and renaturalization, and Mediterranean landscapes are now assumed to provide more hydrological services than before. However, Mediterranean forests are also prone to wildfires, which destroy the vegetation cover, changes soil properties with decreased soil water retention and create a highly mobile ash layer which can contaminate streams. These impacts temporarily negate the hydrological ecosystem services forests normally provided; and in regions subjected to frequent and recurring fires, it is possible that the long-term service provisioning is severely impacted. Nevertheless, forest management strategies ranging from emergency post-fire stabilization measures to structural landscape management can help mitigate these issues and prevent ecosystem service disruptions in fire-prone forests. This presentation will address this issue from a Mediterranean perspective, starting with an overview of post-fire impacts and consequences, and presenting results for a humid Mediterranean fire-prone area

ETNOCONHECIMENTOS SOBRE ANIMAIS DE PESCADORES ARTESANAIS NA AMAZÔNIA COSTEIRA PARAENSE

A diversidade faunística, bem como a diversidade humana da Amazônia tem sido estudada por diversos especialistas em busca da compreensão das formas de vida e evolução do sistema. Para superarmos os limites das interpretações produzidas, além de unirmos diferentes ferramentas, técnicas e abordagens das diversas disciplinas da ciência, precisamos considerar as subjetividades pertencentes a este complexo. Os conhecimentos locais, tradicionais ou etnoconhecimentos dos diferentes povos e comunidades ampliam a visão sobre a sociobiodiversidade da região. Um dos esforços que orientam a Etnobiologia é a ruptura como um modo de fazer ciência, que separa sociedade e natureza, bem como a compreensão de que o conhecimento é construído na relação entre pessoas pesquisadas e que pesquisam. Apresento aqui algumas inferências conservacionistas das interações entre pescadores com tartarugas marinhas e aves costeiras. As pesquisas foram realizadas entre 2015 e 2018, em seis comunidades de pescadores nos municípios Bragança, Tracuateua e Salinópolis, no estado do Pará. As ricas etnozoologias e etnotaxonomias de pescadores artesanais sobre tartarugas-marinhas e aves-costeiras locais revelam um conhecimento aprofundado sobre estes animais que não são de interesse para o autossustento. E ainda, a consciência dos pescadores quanto à importância dos animais para os ecossistemas são etnoconhecimentos importantes para o entendimento das relações humanos-animais, bem como para ações de preservação e manejo localmente referenciadas

Lifelong engagement with music: Learning through the lives of Portuguese music educators

This thesis adds to the growing body of knowledge of lifelong engagement with music but with a new emphasis on Portuguese music educators’ lives. This investigation places its focus on the importance of Portuguese music educators’ narratives in understanding the experiences of music education and its lifelong impact. This is a qualitative study, based on 64 questionnaires used for recruitment purposes and contextualization, and 26 life-history interviews. The aims of this research are: to analyse early musical experiences in the lives of music educators (in various settings such as philharmonic bands and specialised music institutions); to provide an in-depth, up to date analysis of their experiences in formal music education and how these affect their lifelong engagement with music; to identify the reasons that led them to choose music teaching as a career and to analyse their attitudes towards music education and how those were shaped by their previous experiences. The interviews each provided one to four hours of recorded verbal data and have been analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. The findings indicate that these participants’ experiences as music students showed great impact in their musical engagement, their career decisions and their attitudes towards music education. This thesis reports on participants’ experiences within the Portuguese music education system and argues that it places its focus on performance leaving aside other possible selves in music. Furthermore, these findings suggest that music educators’ attitudes towards music education are constantly evolving rather than bound to previous attitudes and experiences. The importance and originality of this study are that it explores Portuguese music educators’ life stories for the first time and offers important insights into the role of music education in lifelong engagement with music and in music teaching careers. Key-words: life stories; music education; Portugal; music educators; possible selves

Motivational Dynamics Predicting Waste Efficiency Implementation within SMEs

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for 70% of industrial pollution in the UK. The UK Government aims to implement waste efficiency across the SME sector as part of a set of strategies which will enable a radical reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2050. In addition to reducing environmental impacts, improving waste efficiency is also considered to be an effective way to reduce costs and strengthen the financial performance of a business. This has been used to motivate UK SMEs to seek the public support available to help them become waste efficient. Nonetheless, practitioners in England faced recurrent problems regarding the SME’s commitment to engage with the available support. The aim of this thesis was to establish motivational factors involving SME owner-managers that predict engagement with the public support available in the form of implementation of waste efficiency advice. It takes an organismic approach and thus contains three distinct primary studies which developed gradually from each other. The first study used mixed methods to investigate apriori documentation of the responses from 181 SMEs on the support received as part of a public waste efficiency initiative. The second study applied qualitative methods to explore the outcomes of the first study from the perspective of 6 waste efficiency advisors. Thereafter, the third study used previous findings and self-determination theory to conceptualise motivational dynamics, involving SME owners/managers, which can predict waste efficiency advice implementation within their respective organisations. The questionnaire responses from 59 SMEs were used to perform multiple linear regressions which tested a number of hypotheses regarding motivations and contextual experiences, in relation to the extent of waste efficiency advice enactment within the SME. The principal novel contribution of this thesis is that it establishes that there are two important motivational dynamics underpinning waste efficiency implementation in SMEs. One is associated with SME owner/managers’ self-determination to adopt waste efficiency, contradicting the belief that SMEs improve their practices driven by self-interest. The other is related to the extent to which SME owners/managers experience autonomy-support and competence towards waste efficiency advice implementation. These results have important implications for both research and practice

Inventory of attitudes toward seeking mental health services: psychometric properties among adolescents

Mental health is an essential element of wellness; however, some populations are more vulnerable to mental health problems. Suicide is the second-highest cause of death in young people and help-seeking unwillingness is a significant obstacle to mental health interventions. Young people are especially reluctant to seek help and negative attitudes stand out as help-seeking barriers, highlighting the importance of evaluating these constructs. The Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) is a measure that evaluates help-seeking attitudes; nevertheless, it lacks applicability in Portuguese youth. This study aims to explore the psychometric characteristics of the IASMHS in 750 Portuguese adolescents (52.3% female, Mage = 14.67), through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability and validity analyses. Results suggest that a three-factor structure was adequate, those factors being help-seeking propensity, indifference to stigma, and psychological openness. The IASMHS was shortened to 20 items and revealed satisfactory properties regarding internal consistency, convergent/discriminant validity, and temporal stability. These findings validate the IASMHS as an adequate tool in the assessment of young people’s help-seeking attitudes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Structural properties of silica-titania vitreous material produced by flame aerosol method

Orientador: Carlos Kenichi SuzukiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: O sistema binário sílica titânia, SiO2-TiO2,apresenta grande interesse tecnológico devido as suas propriedades: ultra-baixo coeficiente de expansão térmico e alto índice de refração. As propriedades são dependentes da quantidade de dopante presente no material. A SiO2-TiO2 é usada na indústria de componentes fotônicos, tais como, lentes, micro-lentes, espelhos e fibras ópticas especiais. Um importante material óptico para litografia no extremo ultravioleta (EUVL) é caracterizado por concentrações próximas a 8 % em peso de TiO2, com estrutura amorfa e transparente num amplo espectro da região UV, visível e IV. A indústria óptico-eletrônica necessita de fibras ópticas sensoras com alto índice de refração. Este tipo de fibra pode ser obtido através da fabricação de uma fibra de SiO2-TiO2. Amostras com concentrações que variam de 1 a 14 % em peso TiO2 fabricadas pelo método do aerosol em chama foram caracterizadas quanto a suas propriedades estruturais e ópticas. As amostras com concentrações superiores a 7,5 % em peso apresentaram-se translúcidas ou opacas, e com estrutura octaédrica segundo dados de XANES (Absorção de Raios-X próximo à estrutura da borda). A difração de raios-X identificou a fase anatásio da titânia como estrutura octaédrica. Através de tratamentos térmicos a altas temperaturas em chama (> 1500 ºC) obtivemos amostras transparentes no visível, amorfa, contendo 8,2 % em peso. Foi obtido um material com índice de refração de 1,48 para concentração de 10 % em peso de TiO2. Portanto a SiO2-TiO2 é viável para a fabricação de uma fibra com alto índice de refraçãoAbstract: The binary SiO2-TiO2 system presents a great technological importance due to its special properties: ultra low thermal expansion and high refractive index. The properties depend on the amount of dopant present in material. The SiO2-TiO2 is used for the components of photonic industries, such as lenses, mirrors and special fiber optics. As an important optical material for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), it is characterized by concentrations of ~ 8 wt. % of TiO2, with amorphous structure and transparent for a large UV, visible and IR spectra. The optoelectronic industries needs optical fiber sensor that presents high refractive index. This kind of fiber can be produce by SiO2-TiO2 fiber production. Samples with concentrations varying in the range 1 to 14 wt. % TiO2 made by flame aerosol technique were characterized in terms of structural and optical properties. As-consolidated samples with concentrations up to 7.5 wt. % TiO2 presented itself translucent or opaque with octahedral structure, according to XANES data (X-ray absorption near-edge structure). The anatase phase of titania was identified by X-ray diffraction patterns. However, by high temperature flame heat treatments (> 1500 ºC), it was possible to obtain transparent SiO2-TiO2 materials in the visible range with concentration up to 8.2 wt. % TiO2. The material presents refractive index 1.48 with concentration about 10 wt. % TiO2. Therefore SiO2-TiO2 is feasible to fibers fabrication with high refractive indexMestradoMateriais e Processos de FabricaçãoMestre em Engenharia Mecânic