Some thoughts on the monitoring and preservation of waterlogged archaeological sites in eastern England

This study reviews five hydrological monitoring projects used on archeological sites in the waterlogged landscapes of fenland East Anglia and east Yorkshire in England. The project design, recorded variables, and implications of each are discussed. In particular, the importance of understanding the landscape context is paramount, and retrieving an appropriate dataset over a sufficiently lengthy period of time to obtain reliable results and predictability. Some of the lessons learnt and outstanding problems are explored. As former wetlands are fast disappearing around the world through dewatering and a host of wider development threats such as urbanization and gravel extraction, the low intrusion suite of methods described here for measuring the degree and certainty of organic preservation is doubly important for establishing the viability of preservation in situ schemes for waterlogged archeological sites. This is crucial to get right, as wetland archeological records are an irreplaceable resource which offer extraordinarily full and diverse datasets of human lifeways which are all too often either poorly preserved or erroneously interpreted because of the skewed datasets recovered from dryland sites.English Heritage, Huntings Technical Services (for Over), ARC (Central) Ltd. (for Etton), Hanson Building Products and SLR Consulting Ltd. (for Must Farm), the Society of Antiquaries and Fenland Archaeological Trust (for Etton), Cambridge Archaeological Unit (for Over and Must Farm), the McBurney Laboratory and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge (for Over and Must Farm), the Department of Archaeology, University of York and the European Research Council (for Star Carr), and the Meteorological Office (for Etton and Over

Measurement of sin2 θlept eff using eþe− pairs from γ=Z bosons produced in pp collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton (pp¯) collider, Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process pp¯→e+e−+X through an intermediate γ∗/Z boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the e− as a function of the e+e−-pair mass is used to obtain sin2θlepteff, the effective leptonic determination of the electroweak-mixing parameter sin2θW. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to 9.4  fb−1 of integrated luminosity from pp¯ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of sin2θlepteff is found to be 0.23248±0.00053. The combination with the previous CDF measurement based on μ+μ− pairs yields sin2θlepteff=0.23221±0.00046. This result, when interpreted within the specified context of the standard model assuming sin2θW=1−M2W/M2Z and that the W- and Z-boson masses are on-shell, yields sin2θW=0.22400±0.00045, or equivalently a W-boson mass of 80.328±0.024  GeV/c2

Study of top quark production and decays involving a tau lepton at CDF and limits on a charged Higgs boson contribution

We present an analysis of top-antitop quark production and decay into a tau lepton, tau neutrino, and bottom quark using data from 9??fb-1 of integrated luminosity at the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Dilepton events, where one lepton is an energetic electron or muon and the other a hadronically decaying tau lepton, originating from proton-antiproton collisions at vs=1.96??TeV, are used. A top-antitop quark production cross section of 8.1±2.1??pb is measured, assuming standard-model top quark decays. By separately identifying for the first time the single-tau and the ditau components, we measure the branching fraction of the top quark into the tau lepton, tau neutrino, and bottom quark to be (9.6±2.8)%. The branching fraction of top quark decays into a charged Higgs boson and a bottom quark, which would imply violation of lepton universality, is limited to be less than 5.9% at a 95% confidence level [for B(H-?t¯?)=1]

Environmental Archaeology: What is in a name?

This book aims to thoroughly discuss new directions of thinking in the arena of environmental archaeology and test them by presenting new practical applications. Recent theoretical and epistemological advancement in the field of archaeology calls for a re-definition of the subdiscipline of environmental archaeology and its position within the practise of archaeology. New technological and methodological discoveries in hard sciences and computer applications opened fresh ways for interdisciplinary collaborations thus introducing new branches and specialisations that need now to be accommodated and integrated within the previous status-quo. This edited volume will take the challenge and engage with contemporary international discussions about the role of the discipline within the general framework of archaeology. By drawing upon these debates, the contributors to this volume will rethink what environmental archaeology is and what kind of input the investigation of this kind of materiality has to the reconstruction of human history and sociality

A precise measurement of the WW-boson mass with the Collider Detector at Fermilab

We present a measurement of the $W$-boson mass, $M_W$, using data corresponding to 2.2/fb of integrated luminosity collected in ppbar collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The selected sample of 470126 $W\to e\nu$ candidates and 624708 $W\to\mu\nu$ candidates yields the measurement $M_W = 80387\pm 12$ (stat) $\pm 15$ (syst)$= 80387 \pm 19$ MeV$/c^2$ . This is the most precise single measurement of the $W$-boson mass to date

Measurement of the leptonic asymmetry in ttbar events produced in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV

We measure the asymmetry in the charge-weighted rapidity of the lepton in semileptonic ttbar decays recorded with the CDF II detector using the full Tevatron Run II sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.4/fb. A parametrization of the asymmetry as a function of the charge-weighted rapidity is used to correct for the finite acceptance of the detector and recover the production-level asymmetry. The result of afb(lep) = 0.094 +0.032 -0.029 is to be compared to the standard model next-to-leading-order prediction of afb(lep) = 0.038 +-0.003

Indirect measurement of sin⁡2θW\sin^2 θ_W (or MWM_W) using μ+μ−μ^+μ^- pairs from γ∗/Zγ^*/Z bosons produced in ppˉp\bar{p} collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV

Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process $p\bar{p} \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^- + X$ through an intermediate $\gamma^*/Z$ boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the $\mu^-$ as a function of the invariant mass of the $\mu^+\mu^-$ pair is used to obtain the effective leptonic determination $\sin^2 \theta^{lept}_{eff}$ of the electroweak-mixing parameter $\sin^2 \theta_W$, from which the value of $\sin^2 \theta_W$ is derived assuming the standard model. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to 9.2 fb-1 of integrated luminosity from $p\bar{p}$ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of $\sin^2 \theta^{lept}_{eff}$ is found to be 0.2315 +- 0.0010, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined in quadrature. When interpreted within the context of the standard model using the on-shell renormalization scheme, where $\sin^2 \theta_W = 1 - M_W^2/M_Z^2$, the measurement yields $\sin^2 \theta_W$ = 0.2233 +- 0.0009, or equivalently a W-boson mass of 80.365 +- 0.047 GeV/c^2. The value of the W-boson mass is in agreement with previous determinations in electron-positron collisions and at the Tevatron collider