Pre-service teachers’ opinions about the reintroduction of the wild goat, brown bear and Iberian lynx in Portugal

Humans have been responsible for the extinction of several species, at least, since 50 000 years ago. This negative action on biodiversity increased with the industrial revolution in the XVIII century and since then many anthropic activities have mutilated the ecosystems, especially in their dimension and fragmentation, and also in the changes of species present. Mammals with weight higher than 45 kilos (99 pounds), or even smaller, were the first to be extinct, because they are in any way more sensitive to human action. To oppose to this reality, ecosystems restoration and species reintroductions were improved in several world regions in the last decades, not without some controversial issues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Glycosylation in cancer. Mechanisms and clinical implications. Pancreatic cancer, an overview.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019Atualmente, a Glicobiologia desempenha um papel fulcral na investigação do cancro, dada a sua participação em diversos mecanismos e o seu acesso a uma ampla gama de alvos de elevado interesse diagnóstico e terapêutico. As aberrações na glicosilação de proteínas e polissacáridos desempenham um papel determinante na génese do tumor pancreático, influenciando a progressão do cancro, metástase, resposta imune e resistências a quimioterapia. A expressão anormal de glicanos pode afetar a atividade de várias glicoproteínas, incluindo mucinas, recetores de superfície, adesinas, proteoglicanos, bem como dos seus alvos e ligandos, culminando assim num aumento da agressividade do cancro e num microambiente favorável para o crescimento tumoral. Recentes avanços na área glicoproteómica, glicómica e noutras técnicas de bioquímica, abriram caminho para uma compreensão mais próxima do mecanismo complexo de eventos de glicosilação que rodeiam a génese tumoral, e a forma como estes coordenam as atividades moleculares a nível genómico, proteómico e metabólico implicadas no adenocarcinoma pancreático. Várias estratégias foram exploradas visando a glicosilação de proteínas e polissacáridos para o desenvolvimento diagnóstico e terapêutico do cancro pancreático.Nowadays, glycobiology plays a major role in cancer research, given its part in many cancer mechanisms and its access to a series of targets with valuable diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Aberrations in protein glycosylation and polysaccharides play a decisive role in pancreatic tumorigenesis, through influencing cancer progression, metastasis, immunoresponse and chemoresistance. Abnormal expression in sugar moieties can impact the activity of various glycoproteins, including mucins, surface receptors, adhesive proteins, proteoglycans, as well as their effectors and binding ligands, culminating in an increase in pancreatic cancer invasiveness and a cancer privileged microenvironment. Recent progress in glycoproteomics, glycomics and other chemical biology techniques has cleared the path to better understand the complex mechanism of glycosylation events and how they mediate molecular activities in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics implicated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A wide range of strategies have been demonstrated targeting protein glycosylation and polysaccharides for diagnostic and therapeutic development.Farmácia do Centro, Hospital Beatriz Ângel

Prevalence of self-medication in portuguese adolescents

Self-medication is considered one of the health risk behaviors found among adolescents. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of self-medication for portuguese adolescents. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample comprised 420 adolescents, of whom 343 (81.7%; 95%CI 77.8 – 85.2) had already self-medicated and 277 (66.0%; 95%CI 61.4 – 70.5) self-medicated in the last 6 months. The main health problems that motivated self-medication were headache (76.7%), flu (70.6%), sore throat (56%) and fever (54.5%). Paracetamol was the most consumed drug (86.9%) followed by Ibuprofen (83.1%). The pharmacy (87.8%) was the preferred place to purchase drugs, however, 221 adolescents (64.4%) reported that they self-medicated with the medicines they had at home. Of the adolescents who resorted to self-medication only 59.6% sought additional information about the drug and 53.9% referred to the package leaflet of the medicinal product as the main source of clarification. A significant portion of the respondents (84.3%) believed that self-medication might be acceptable to treat minor illnesses. It was observed that self-medication is a very common practice among adolescents, making it an extremely important issue to carry out more studies on this section of portuguese population due to scarcity of existing ones. These data can be used to define strategies for the dissemination of the rational use of the drug in adolescent population.A automedicação é considerada um dos comportamentos de risco para a saúde encontrado entre os adolescentes. Este estudo teve como principal objetivo determinar a prevalência da automedicação de adolescentes portugueses. Foi realizado um estudo observacional de coorte transversal. A amostra compreende 420 adolescentes, dos quais 343 (81.7%; 95% CI: 77.8–85.2) já se automedicaram e 277 (66.0%; 95% CI: 61.4–70.5) automedicaram-se nos últimos 6 meses. Os principais problemas de saúde que motivaram a automedicação foram a dor de cabeça (76.7%), gripe/constipações (70.6%), dor de garganta (56%) e febre (54.5%). O paracetamol foi o medicamento mais consumido na auto-medicação (86.9%) seguido do Ibuprofeno (83.1%). O local mais referido para a aquisição de medicamentos foi a farmácia (87.8%), no entanto, 221 adolescentes (64.4%) referiram que se automedicam com os medicamentos que têm em casa. Dos adolescentes que recorreram à automedicação, 59.6% procuraram informações ou esclarecimentos adicionais do medicamento e 53.9% referiram a bula como a principal fonte. Uma parte significativa dos inquiridos (84.3%) acredita que a auto-medicação poder ser aceitável para tratar doenças menores. Observou-se que a automedicação é muito comum nos adolescentes portugueses com idades entre 14 e 19 anos, tornando-se importante a definição de estratégias para a divulgação do uso racional do medicamento nesta população.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Plant-based meat revolution from the United States: does it have potential in Portugal? A case study of `beyond meat'

The global food systemis in constant transformation due to technology and changes in consumer behavior. The search for plant-based alternatives to meat is risinganda new product category emerged as aresponse to this trend: plant-based meat -an innovationthat uses technology to recreate the meat experience.An extensive approach composed of diverse research techniques allowed to analyze consumer behavior in regards to the meat and meat alternative’s market in Portugal. Based on the analysis, it was possible to understand the most effective strategy for Beyond Meat, the leading US American brand in the category, in Portugal

Perceptions of animals in primary school children

This study aimed to verify the perceptions of animals in 88 children, aged between 8 and 10, attending the 3rd and 4th years in primary school. To this end, a questionnaire was applied, with a seven point like/dislike scale for twenty five animals also inquiring about the reasons for the ranking attributed. The dog, the horse, the tortoise, the sparrow and the butterfly received the best rakings places; the cockroach, the mosquito, the snake, the mouse and the bee got the worst ones. More opposite opinions were expressed about the bat, the mouse, the boar, the wolf and the shark. Because the reasons given by children frequently reflect the lack of knowledge about certain behaviours of the animals and of their ecological role, some suggestions are made to change some of the bad perceptions that children have about the animals with the lowest ranking.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Actitudes y hábitos de estudio en ciencias naturales : validación de una escala y su utilización práctica

En este artículo se presenta un instrumento sobre actitudes y hábitos de estudio en Ciencias (Escala de Estrategias de Estudio en Ciencias naturales -3ECN) así como los estudios realizados para su validación. Destinada a alumnos con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 15 años, la 3ECN fue construida y validada con la fi nalidad de ayudar al profesor a diagnosticar las estrategias de estudio de sus alumnos. Los estudios de fi abilidad y de validez realizados nos permitieron legitimar la elección de tres dimensiones de evaluación. En función de los resultados obtenidos, juzgamos que los profesores pueden disponer de un instrumento, aunque no exclusivo, que les posibilite evidenciar qué alumnos presentan mayores difi cultades en sus tareas de estudio y aprendizaje de ciencias.In this article we present an instrument of evaluation of studying methods in Sciences (3SNS - Scale of Studying Strategies in Natural Science), as well as the studies undertaken to its validation. The Scale is directed to pupils between 11 and 15 years old, and has the intention of helping the teachers to diagnose the studying methods of the pupils. The undertaken studies allow us to say that the 3SNS includes three fundamental dimensions. We think the Scale is an excellent instrument, although not exclusive, to be used by the teachers to evaluate which students have more diffi culties when studying and learning Sciences

Searching for chemical elements: a multidisciplinary activity in the 150th anniversary of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements

[Excerpt] 2019 is the 150th anniversary of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements and has therefore been proclaimed the "International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPT2019)" by the United Nations General Assembly and UNESCO [1]. A working tool very useful to various professionals and in diverse scientific areas, this table would not exist if someone had not distributed and ordered the chemical elements according to the value of their atomic weights. The father of the Periodic Table, the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907), was so visionary that his Table allows housing not only the known chemical elements at that time but also the ones still unknown that came to be discovered or synthesized. When we come across this Table, with so many chemical elements, we ask ourselves how we use them and where we can find each of them, in our real world

Biocentric reasoning in children: implications in science and environmental education

This study aimed to verify the incidence of biocentric reasoning (centred on the welfare of the animals) in 91 children, aged between 8 and 10, attending the 3rd and 4th years in a primary school of Lisbon, Portugal, and is the continuity of another study promoted by the authors. To do that, a questionnaire was applied, inquiring about the type of places where the children contact with animals and their opinion about the human behaviour in three different situations involving animals (dilemmas). The results have shown that the majority of children had a small contact with natural and semi-natural places, and the majority only went to places where nature is managed, like zoos and similar parks. This experience seems to be responsible for inappropriate ideas about zoos, considered by some children the ideal place to keep wild animals because there they are well treated and safer from predators. However, and globally, the incidence of biocentric reasoning in the dilemmas is high, proving its increasing in situations in which human action is considered selfish or inappropriate, but it also is affected by the species presented (the empathy factor seems to be important as well). Implications of these results for Science and Environmental Education are also discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Käytännön eväitä monikulttuuriseen ohjaukseen

Opinnäytetyö tarkastelee maahanmuuttajien työssäoppimisen ohjausprosessia työssäoppimisen ohjaajan näkökulmasta. Tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten perehdytys, ohjaaminen sekä palautteen antamien ja arviointi tapahtuvat työssäoppimispaikoilla tällä hetkellä ja mitä tietoa työelämän edustajat toivovat maahanmuuttajaopiskelijasta ennen työssäoppimisen alkua. Lisäksi kartoitettiin ohjaajakoulutuksen tarvetta maahanmuuttajaopiskelijoiden työssäoppimisen ohjaajille. Tietoja kerättiin haastattelemalla kahdeksaa maahanmuuttajaopiskelijoiden työssäoppimisen ohjaajaa. Haastattelu toteutettiin teemahaastattelun menetelmin. Haastatteluja ohjaavat teema-alueet muodostettiin työssäoppimisen prosessin mukaisesti. Haastattelut tehtiin tammikuussa 2009. Aineisto koostui neljän siivousalan yrityksen työssäoppimisen ohjaajan kokemuksista. Haastattelun tuloksista nousi useita kehittämisalueita. Suomen kielen taito ja työelämän pelisääntöjen hallinta koettiin työssäoppimisen onnistumisen kannalta tärkeimmiksi asioiksi. Työssäoppimisen aikaa toivottiin riittävän pitkäksi, jotta maahanmuuttajaopiskelija ymmärtää työtehtävien kokonaisuudet. Toivottiin enemmän tietoa maahanmuuttajaopiskelijan kulttuuritaustasta ja erityispiirteistä. Työssäoppimisen ohjaajakoulutuksen järjestäminen koettiin tarpeelliseksi. Haastattelun tulosten johtopäätöksistä nousee kolme erillistä kehittämisaihetta. Ensimmäinen aihe on järjestää perusteellisempi perehdyttäminen ja opastaminen niin työssäoppimisen ohjaajille kuin maahanmuuttajaopiskelijoille. Toinen aihe on järjestää työssäoppimisen ohjaajille koulutus, jossa käsitellään monikulttuurisuuteen liittyviä asioita. Kolmas aihe on maahanmuuttajakoulutusten alkukartoitusten järjestelmällisen organisoinnin aloittaminen. Tätä opinnäytetyötä voidaan hyödyntää alan koulutuksissa.The thesis examines the process of supervising immigrants in workplace learning from the supervisor’s point of view. The aim of the study was to find out how introduction, supervision as well as feedback and evaluation currently take place in sites for workplace learning and what information concerning the immigrant student the representatives of workplaces expect to have prior to the beginning of workplace learning. In addition, the need for training for supervisors of immigrant students’ workplace learning was examined. The data was gathered by interviewing eight supervisors of immigrant students’ workplace learning. The interviews were conducted by using the methods of a theme interview. The themes guiding the interviews were constructed according to the process of workplace learning. The interviews were conducted in January 2009 and the data consists of the experiences of four supervisors of workplace learning in cleaning companies. Several areas of development arose from the interviews. Proficiency in Finnish and mastering the rules of working life were considered to be the most important factors for successful workplace learning. The time for workplace learning should be long enough so that the immigrant student would understand the entities formed by different work-related tasks. Organizing training for supervisors was also considered necessary. The results indicate three different areas for development, which are, firstly, a more thorough introduction and guidance for both the supervisors of workplace learning and the immigrant students; secondly, organizing training for supervisors of workplace learning which would deal with issued related to multiculturalism; and thirdly, organizing a systematic initial survey. The results of the study can be utilized in organizing training in this area

Portuguese teachers’ views about geosciences models

Geoscience teachers use models to help students to learn phenomenon, because they simplify the explanation of abstract scientific theories. For that reason, modelling is an important tool to be used in geosciences classrooms to help students to understand theories. However, resorting to that strategy implies that teachers recognize its importance and are prepared to guide students in their learning processes through modelling. In the present research we analyse the views of Portuguese science teachers about geosciences models covered by Portuguese science curriculum. Data analysis led us to the conclusion that the majority of teachers have solid scientific knowledge regarding the geosciences models. It’s crucial that teachers understand scientific models, so they can present them clearly to students, through a model-based approach