Publier le métier, quelles perspectives ?

L\u27enjeu de cette journée est de réfléchir aux mutations actuelles de la production et de la diffusion de ressources à destination des communautés professionnelles des bibliothèques : - Édition de manuels et ressources en ligne - Recherches et réflexions professionnelles, ouvertes à de nouveaux métiers - Éditions homothétiques ou "pure player" - Modes de production spécifiques : ressources continues, blogs, carnets de recherche, tutoriels et manuels en ligne, etc. Crise du modèle actuel ? Évolution des besoins, des pratiques de lecture, des pratiques d’écriture ? … Sans doute un peu tout à la fois. Alors, comment penser l\u27avenir d\u27une littérature professionnelle utile

Association of polygenic score for major depression with response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder

Lithium is a first-line medication for bipolar disorder (BD), but only one in three patients respond optimally to the drug. Since evidence shows a strong clinical and genetic overlap between depression and bipolar disorder, we investigated whether a polygenic susceptibility to major depression is associated with response to lithium treatment in patients with BD. Weighted polygenic scores (PGSs) were computed for major depression (MD) at different GWAS p value thresholds using genetic data obtained from 2586 bipolar patients who received lithium treatment and took part in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen) study. Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies in MD (135,458 cases and 344,901 controls) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) were used for PGS weighting. Response to lithium treatment was defined by continuous scores and categorical outcome (responders versus non-responders) using measurements on the Alda scale. Associations between PGSs of MD and lithium treatment response were assessed using a linear and binary logistic regression modeling for the continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. The analysis was performed for the entire cohort, and for European and Asian sub-samples. The PGSs for MD were significantly associated with lithium treatment response in multi-ethnic, European or Asian populations, at various p value thresholds. Bipolar patients with a low polygenic load for MD were more likely to respond well to lithium, compared to those patients with high polygenic load [lowest vs highest PGS quartiles, multi-ethnic sample: OR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.18–2.01) and European sample: OR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.30–2.36)]. While our analysis in the Asian sample found equivalent effect size in the same direction: OR = 1.71 (95% CI: 0.61–4.90), this was not statistically significant. Using PGS decile comparison, we found a similar trend of association between a high genetic loading for MD and lower response to lithium. Our findings underscore the genetic contribution to lithium response in BD and support the emerging concept of a lithium-responsive biotype in BD

COVID-19 trajectories among 57 million adults in England: a cohort study using electronic health records

BACKGROUND: Updatable estimates of COVID-19 onset, progression, and trajectories underpin pandemic mitigation efforts. To identify and characterise disease trajectories, we aimed to define and validate ten COVID-19 phenotypes from nationwide linked electronic health records (EHR) using an extensible framework. METHODS: In this cohort study, we used eight linked National Health Service (NHS) datasets for people in England alive on Jan 23, 2020. Data on COVID-19 testing, vaccination, primary and secondary care records, and death registrations were collected until Nov 30, 2021. We defined ten COVID-19 phenotypes reflecting clinically relevant stages of disease severity and encompassing five categories: positive SARS-CoV-2 test, primary care diagnosis, hospital admission, ventilation modality (four phenotypes), and death (three phenotypes). We constructed patient trajectories illustrating transition frequency and duration between phenotypes. Analyses were stratified by pandemic waves and vaccination status. FINDINGS: Among 57 032 174 individuals included in the cohort, 13 990 423 COVID-19 events were identified in 7 244 925 individuals, equating to an infection rate of 12·7% during the study period. Of 7 244 925 individuals, 460 737 (6·4%) were admitted to hospital and 158 020 (2·2%) died. Of 460 737 individuals who were admitted to hospital, 48 847 (10·6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), 69 090 (15·0%) received non-invasive ventilation, and 25 928 (5·6%) received invasive ventilation. Among 384 135 patients who were admitted to hospital but did not require ventilation, mortality was higher in wave 1 (23 485 [30·4%] of 77 202 patients) than wave 2 (44 220 [23·1%] of 191 528 patients), but remained unchanged for patients admitted to the ICU. Mortality was highest among patients who received ventilatory support outside of the ICU in wave 1 (2569 [50·7%] of 5063 patients). 15 486 (9·8%) of 158 020 COVID-19-related deaths occurred within 28 days of the first COVID-19 event without a COVID-19 diagnoses on the death certificate. 10 884 (6·9%) of 158 020 deaths were identified exclusively from mortality data with no previous COVID-19 phenotype recorded. We observed longer patient trajectories in wave 2 than wave 1. INTERPRETATION: Our analyses illustrate the wide spectrum of disease trajectories as shown by differences in incidence, survival, and clinical pathways. We have provided a modular analytical framework that can be used to monitor the impact of the pandemic and generate evidence of clinical and policy relevance using multiple EHR sources. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre, led by Health Data Research UK

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

Réactivité des hydrocarbures en réponse à une injection de CO2/O2 dans des conditions de réservoirs pétroliers déplétés: modélisations expérimentale et numérique

The geological storage of CO2 (CO2 Capture-Storage – CCS) and the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by CO2 injection into petroleum reservoirs could limit CO2 atmospheric accumulation. However, CO2 can be associated with oxygen. To predict the hydrocarbon evolution under these conditions involves the study of oxidation mechanisms. Oxidation experiment and kinetic detailed modeling were carried out with pure compounds. The comparison between experimental and modeling results led to the construction of a hydrocarbon oxidation kinetic model and emphasized the parameters leading to auto ignition. The good agreement between our experiments and modeling are promising for the development of a tool predicting the critical temperature leading to auto-ignition and the evolution of hydrocarbon composition, to estimate the stability of a petroleum system in CO2 injection contextLe stockage géologique du CO2 et/ou la récupération assistée de pétrole par injection de CO2 dans des réservoirs pétroliers, pourraient permettre de limiter le CO2 atmosphérique. Cependant, le CO2 peut être associé à de l’oxygène. Prédire l’évolution des hydrocarbures dans ces conditions, implique d’étudier les mécanismes de l’oxydation. Des expériences d’oxydation et des modélisations cinétiques détaillées ont été réalisées avec des composés modèles purs ou en mélange. La comparaison des résultats expérimentaux et de modélisation a permis la construction d’un mécanisme d’oxydation d’hydrocarbures, et a souligné les paramètres influençant l’apparition d’une auto-inflammation. La bonne cohérence des expérimentations et des modélisations, est prometteuse pour le développement d’un outil de prédiction afin de déterminer la limite d’auto-inflammation ainsi que l’évolution de la composition des hydrocarbures, pour estimer la stabilité d’un système pétrolier en contexte d’injection de CO

Reactivity of hydrocarbons in response to injection of a CO2/O2 mixture under depleted reservoir conditions : experimental and numerical modeling

Le stockage géologique du CO2 et/ou la récupération assistée de pétrole par injection de CO2 dans des réservoirs pétroliers, pourraient permettre de limiter le CO2 atmosphérique. Cependant, le CO2 peut être associé à de l’oxygène. Prédire l’évolution des hydrocarbures dans ces conditions, implique d’étudier les mécanismes de l’oxydation. Des expériences d’oxydation et des modélisations cinétiques détaillées ont été réalisées avec des composés modèles purs ou en mélange. La comparaison des résultats expérimentaux et de modélisation a permis la construction d’un mécanisme d’oxydation d’hydrocarbures, et a souligné les paramètres influençant l’apparition d’une auto-inflammation. La bonne cohérence des expérimentations et des modélisations, est prometteuse pour le développement d’un outil de prédiction afin de déterminer la limite d’auto-inflammation ainsi que l’évolution de la composition des hydrocarbures, pour estimer la stabilité d’un système pétrolier en contexte d’injection de CO2The geological storage of CO2 (CO2 Capture-Storage – CCS) and the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by CO2 injection into petroleum reservoirs could limit CO2 atmospheric accumulation. However, CO2 can be associated with oxygen. To predict the hydrocarbon evolution under these conditions involves the study of oxidation mechanisms. Oxidation experiment and kinetic detailed modeling were carried out with pure compounds. The comparison between experimental and modeling results led to the construction of a hydrocarbon oxidation kinetic model and emphasized the parameters leading to auto ignition. The good agreement between our experiments and modeling are promising for the development of a tool predicting the critical temperature leading to auto-ignition and the evolution of hydrocarbon composition, to estimate the stability of a petroleum system in CO2 injection contex