Implementación de la gestión de reducción del riesgo de desastres de la Universidad Estatal de Visayas, Tolosa, Leyte-Filipinas

In Leyte, one of the Philippines’ disaster-prone provinces, effective Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) is crucial for safeguarding lives and properties. This research explored gaps in DRRM implementation at Visayas State University Tolosa for 2022 using a qualitative case study approach. Focusing on the university’s Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee, comprising seven members, semi-structured interviews were conducted to discuss policy and standard requirements for academic institutions, observing ethical research principles. Four themes emerged: Institutional Preparedness, Disaster Risk Prevention and Awareness, Lifesaving and Protective Equipment, and Budget for Resilient Building Reconstruction. Key findings highlighted the importance of enhancing the university’s disaster policies, strategies, and building infrastructure. Adherence to the Philippine Building Code and a specific emergency plan, coupled with increased awareness campaigns, were deemed essential for improved safety. Notably, gaps were identified in the provision of rapid communication technology, solar lighting, powerful generators, and emergency vehicles. The study also underscored the necessity for dedicated funding to foster resilient building infrastructure, ensuring a safe environment for the university community. Keywords: Implementations; Disaster Risk Reduction Management; School.En Leyte, una de las provincias de Filipinas propensa a desastres, la eficaz Gestión de Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres (DRRM, por sus siglas en inglés) es crucial para proteger vidas y propiedades. Esta investigación exploró las brechas en la implementación de DRRM en la Universidad Estatal de Visayas en Tolosa para 2022 utilizando un enfoque cualitativo de estudio de caso. Centrándose en el Comité de Reducción y Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres de la universidad, compuesto por siete miembros, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semi-estructuradas para discutir los requisitos de políticas y estándares para instituciones académicas, observando principios éticos de investigación. Emergieron cuatro temas: Preparación Institucional, Prevención del Riesgo de Desastres y Conciencia, Equipamiento de Salvamento y Protección, y Presupuesto para la Reconstrucción de Edificaciones Resilientes. Los hallazgos clave resaltaron la importancia de mejorar las políticas, estrategias e infraestructura de edificación de la universidad. La adherencia al Código de Construcción de Filipinas y un plan de emergencia específico, junto con campañas de sensibilización ampliadas, fueron considerados esenciales para mejorar la seguridad. Notablemente, se identificaron brechas en la provisión de tecnología de comunicación rápida, iluminación solar, generadores potentes y vehículos de emergencia. El estudio también subrayó la necesidad de financiamiento dedicado para promover una infraestructura de edificación resiliente, asegurando un entorno seguro para la comunidad universitaria.Palabras clave: Implementaciones; Gestión de Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres; Escuela

MOVILIZACIONES CONTRA EL DESPOJO EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO COMO CRÍTICA A LAS POLÍTICAS NEOLIBERALES

El objetivo es establecer una relación desde la perspectiva crítica, entre las afectaciones desencadenadas por las políticas neoliberales y las movilizaciones contra el despojo, ya que en el Estado de México se ha efectuado una dinámica política y económica que favorece la permanencia y progreso del sector económico; a través de la toma de decisiones políticas autoritarias se imponen determinados ajustes de los que la sociedad y su entorno se han visto afectados al no ser considerados en las implicaciones de estas decisiones. De la mano con el análisis de la teoría expuesta en el capítulo I se hizo una recopilación de cinco movilizaciones contra el despojo que muestran y evidencian la problemática estatal exteriorizadas en el capítulo III, a su vez se justifica su surgimiento con la crítica de las cinco políticas neoliberales que las provocan en el capítulo II

DESIGUALDADES DE GÉNERO Y VIOLENCIAS EN LA VIDA MATRIMONIAL. PROPUESTA DE IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE CURSOS PREMATRIMONIALES TOLUCA, ESTADO DE MÉXICO

El presente proyecto de intervención tiene el objetivo de mostrar las desigualdades y violencias que mujeres y hombres llegan a experimentar o ejercer durante la vida matrimonial, con el fin de educar con perspectiva de género a las parejas próximas a contraer matrimonio. Lo anterior, con la intención de instrumentar una acción preventiva frente al incremento de las violencias para evitar la reproducción de esta problemática. Tomando en cuenta los antecedentes de las desigualdades, se plantea el problema desde la perspectiva de género para incorporar la visión de hombres y mujeres. Asimismo, se recopilan y analizan acciones normativas que abonan a la igualdad desde momentos históricos, a partir del ámbito internacional, nacional y local. En el marco conceptual, se ahonda en algunas dimensiones relacionadas con el sistema patriarcal, las cuales afectan la vida matrimonial; tales como machismo, amor romántico, desigualdades, violencias, entre otras. A partir del desarrollo de categorías teóricas, se pudo realizar el diagnóstico de este trabajo elaborado en la ciudad de Toluca, uno de los municipios doblemente alertados por desaparición y violencia de género contra las mujeres. El diagnóstico muestra que prevalece la reproducción de roles y estereotipos entre mujeres y hombres como consecuencia de la división sexual del trabajo. Por lo anterior; se realiza la propuesta de acción a fin de incidir a través de la implementación de cursos de Educación con perspectiva de género para el matrimonio apoyados de un material didáctico que ayude a las parejas a través de esquemas y ejercicios a comprender la corresponsabilidad de la vida en pareja

Contaje de triángulos en conjuntos de puntos coloreados: un problema de la geometría combinatoria

A classical object of study in combinatorial geometry are sets S of points in the plane. A triangle with vertices from S is called empty if it contains no points of S in its interior. The number of empty triangles depends on the positions of points from S and a burning question is: How many empty triangles are there at least, among all sets S of n points? In order to discard degenerate point configurations, we only consider sets S without three collinear points. In this project, a software has been developed which allows to count the number of empty triangles in a set of n points in the plane. The software permits generation of point sets and their graphical visualization, as well as searching and displaying of optimal point configurations encountered. A point set of a given cardinality is said to be optimal if it contains the minimum number of empty triangles. The objective is to derive bounds on the minimum number of empty triangles by means of experiments realized with our software. The created program also allows to count empty monochromatic triangles in two-colored point sets. A triangle is called monochromatic if its three vertices have the same color. While the first problem has been studied extensively during the last decades, the two-colored version remains to be explored in depth. In this work we also expose our results on the minimum number of empty triangles in (small) two-colored point sets. Also, the treated problem is put in context with related results, such as the Erdös-Szekeres theorem, and a short outline of famous problems which contributed to the rise of combinatorial geometry is presented.Un objeto clásico de estudio en la Geometría combinatoria son conjuntos S de n puntos en el plano. Se dice que un triángulo con vértices en S esta vacío si no contiene puntos de S en su interior. El número de triángulos vacíos depende de cómo se dibujó el conjunto S y una pregunta ardiente es: ¿Cuántos triángulos vacíos hay como mínimo en cada conjunto S de n puntos? Para descartar configuraciones de puntos degeneradas solo se consideran nubes de puntos sin tres puntos colineales

Real-time moving object segmentation in H.264 compressed domain based on approximate reasoning

AbstractThis paper presents a real-time segmentation algorithm to obtain moving objects from the H.264 compressed domain. The proposed segmentation works with very little information and is based on two features of the H.264 compressed video: motion vectors associated to the macroblocks and decision modes. The algorithm uses fuzzy logic and allows to describe position, velocity and size of the detected regions in a comprehensive way, so the proposed approach works with low level information but manages highly comprehensive linguistic concepts. The performance of the algorithm is improved using dynamic design of fuzzy sets that avoids merge and split problems. Experimental results for several traffic scenes demonstrate the real-time performance and the encouraging results in diverse situations

Improvement of migraine depressive symptoms is not related to headache frequency: exploring the impact of anti-CGRP therapies

Calcitonin gene-related peptide; Depression; Migraine preventionPèptid relacionat amb el gen de la calcitonina; Depressió; Prevenció de la migranyaPéptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina; Depresión; Prevención de la migrañaBackground The present study aimed to describe the prevalence and evolution of depressive symptoms in a cohort of migraine patients treated with anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies. Methods This is an exploratory, prospective, unicentric, one-year longitudinal study. We included migraine patients who started treatment with anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies. Baseline demographic data, medical history, concomitant medication and migraine characteristics were collected. The presence of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory-II quarterly and treatment response was categorized according to the reduction in monthly headache days. A generalized mixed-effect regression model was used to model depression score over a one-year treatment taking into account frequency response rates. Results We included 577 patients: 84.2% females; median (range) age 47.0 (39.0–53.0) years, 46.1% (266/577) of them presented depressive symptoms at baseline (16.1% mild, 13.3% moderate and 16.6% severe). After six-month treatment, 47.4% (126/266) reduced headache frequency ≥50% after one year and 63.5% (169/266) achieved a clinically significant improvement in depression symptoms. We observed a 30.8% (−50.0%, −3.2%) main reduction in depression score during the first quarter. The improvement in depression symptoms was independently associated with headache frequency response: non-responders, −25.0% (−43.9%, −1.1%); partial responders, −30.2% (−51.3%, −7.6%); and good responders, −33.3% (−54.6%, −7.5%). Conclusions Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP are effective in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with migraine. The main change of depression score happens during the first three months of treatment. The reduction in depressive symptoms is independent of migraine frequency improvement

Impact of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies on migraine attack accompanying symptoms: A real-world evidence study

Migraine; Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies; PhonophobiaMigraña; Anticuerpos monoclonales anti-CGRP; FonofobiaMigranya; Anticossos monoclonals anti-CGRP; FonofòbiaBackground Clinical trials on anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies poorly investigated their impact on migraine accompanying symptoms. Objective To evaluate the impact of basal accompanying symptoms on anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies treatment response and their evolution after six months of treatment in migraine patients. Methods Patients with migraine diagnosis seen in the Headache Clinic and treated with erenumab, galcanezumab or fremanezumab were prospectively recruited. They completed a daily eDiary which provided data on headache frequency and the following accompanying symptoms of each day: photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, dizziness, and aura. Patients were classified as responders or non-responders based on 50% or greater reduction in headache days per month at month 6 (≥50% response rate). Accompanying symptoms ratios based on headache days per month were assessed per patient at baseline and after three and six months. Comparisons for basal characteristics, basal accompanying symptoms ratios and their evolution after six months between responders and non-responders were performed. Results One hundred and fifty-eight patients were included, 44% (69/158) showed ≥50% response rate after six months. A significant reduction in headache days per month in both groups was found at month 6 (−9.4 days/month in ≥50% response rate group; p < 0.001, −2.2 days/month in <50% response rate group; p = 0.004). Additionally, significant decreases in photophobia (−19.5%, p < 0.001), phonophobia (−12.1%, p = 0.010) and aura ratios (−25.1%, p = 0.008) were found in ≥50% response rate group. No statistically significant reductions were found in nausea and dizziness in any group since their reduction was correlated with the decrease in headache days per month. Higher photophobia ratios at baseline were predictive of an increased response between months 3 and 6 (Incidence Risk Ratio = 0.928, p = 0.040). Conclusions The days per month with photophobia, phonophobia and aura decreased at a higher rate than headache days per month after six months in the ≥50% response group. Higher photophobia ratios were associated with higher response rates between three and six months. It could indicate an involvement of peripheral CGRP in photophobia as well as a central modulation of migraine through these treatments which mainly act on the periphery

Neurodegeneration in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose. To evaluate neurodegeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) without diabetic retinopathy and to assess the possible role of systemic vascular complications in retinal changes. Methods. Sixty eyes of 60 patients with DM2 and without any signs of diabetic retinopathy and 60 eyes of 60 healthy controls underwent retinal evaluation using Spectralis optical coherence tomography. Macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were evaluated. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was assessed using Glaucoma and Axonal Analytics applications. Comparison between patients with the presence/absence of systemic vascular complications and different disease duration was made. Results. Macular GCL was reduced in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Differences in the macular RNFL thickness were only observed in the outer inferior sector (p = 0.033). A reduction in the peripapillary RNFL (average, inferior, and inferotemporal thickness, p < 0.05 for all three) was observed in patients using both applications. Patients with chronic systemic vascular complications presented a reduction in the temporal RNFL (p = 0.019) compared to patients without complications. The superotemporal RNFL thickness was thinner in patients with longer disease duration. Conclusions. Patients with type 2 DM without diabetic retinopathy and good metabolic control present neurodegeneration affecting neurons in the macular area and axons in different sectors of the optic disc. Systemic vascular complications contributed to further axonal damage in these patients, suggesting a possible role of subclinical ischaemia to retinal neurodegeneration in type 2 DM

Influence of cardiovascular condition on retinal and retinal nerve fiber layer measurements

Objective To assess changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macula in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors or subclinical ischemia. Design Prospective and observational study. Methods A total of 152 healthy men underwent cardiovascular examination, including quantification of subclinical atheroma plaques by artery ultrasound scans, blood analysis, and a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The variables registered in cardiovascular examination were quantification of classic major risk factors, subclinical atheroma plaques by artery ultrasound scans, and analytical records. The ophthalmic evaluation registered RNFL and macular thickness. Results Mean subject age was 51.27±3.71 years. The 40 subjects without classic cardiovascular risk factors did not show differences in RNFL and macular thicknesses compared with the 112 subjects with at least one risk factor (except in sector 9 that showed higher thicknesses in subjects with 1 risk factor). Comparison between the group of subjects with and without atheroma plaques revealed no differences in RNFL and macular thicknesses. The sub-analysis of subjects with subclinical atheroma plaques in the common carotid artery revealed a significant reduction in central macular thickness in the left eye compared with the right eye (p = 0.016), RNFL in the superior quadrant (p = 0.007), and the 11 o’clock sector (p = 0.020). Comparison between smokers and nonsmokers revealed that smokers had significant thinning of the central macular thickness (p = 0.034), the nasal RNFL quadrant (p = 0.006), and the 3 and 5 o’clock sectors (p = 0.016 and 0.009). Conclusions Classic cardiovascular risk factors do not cause RNFL or macular thickness reduction, but tobacco smoking habit reduces nasal RNFL thickness. Subclinical atherosclerosis in the common carotid artery associates a reduction in central macular and nasal RNFL quadrant thicknesses in the left eye compared with the right eye

Functional Evaluation of the Visual Pathway in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using a Multifunction Stimulator Monitor

Objectives. To assess the capability of the vision monitor unit Monpack One of detecting visual function alterations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to evaluate the correlation between structural retinal parameters and functional measurements obtained with this device. Methods. Forty-eight patients with MS and 46 healthy controls were included in a cross-sectional study. All participants underwent a complete functional evaluation of the visual pathway, which included low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA), contrast sensitivity vision (CSV), automated perimetry, multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs), and pattern electroretinogram (ERG). All tests were performed using the vision monitor unit Monpack One (Metrovision, France), a multifunction stimulator device. Retinal structural measurements were obtained in all subjects using Triton swept source optical coherence tomography (Topcon, Japan). Results. Patients with MS presented reduced low-contrast VA (p<0.001) and reduced CSV at medium (p=0.001, p=0.013) and low (p=0.001, p=0.002) spatial frequencies. All visual field parameters were found to be altered in MS patients compared with controls (<= 0.001). Patients with MS presented lower amplitude of the P100 waveform of the mfVEP in areas corresponding to central (p<0.001), inferonasal (p=0.001), and inferotemporal (p=0.003) retina. The pattern ERG did not show significant differences. Significant correlations were observed between structural retinal measurements and functional parameters, especially between the inner macular areas and measurements corresponding to contrast sensitivity and perimetry indexes. Conclusions. Patients with MS present visual dysfunction detectable with the vision monitor unit Monpack One. This device may be a fast and useful tool to provide a full evaluation of axonal damage in patients with multiple sclerosis