Práticas de gestão e assistência técnica em Assentamento Rural

A propriedade rural, assim como uma empresa, precisa ser administrada por pessoas competentes para obter um bom resultado. O produtor precisa saber o que será melhor produzir para atender o mercado e aproveitar as melhores oportunidades. A administração rural requer muita atenção por parte do produtor, pois, é necessário ter um planejamento de como será efetuado o trabalho, quando será necessário um investimento, se tem capital para tal investimento e ainda precisa ter noção de como controlar os gastos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar, como um grupo do Assentamento Itamarati, está administrando suas propriedades e como fazem o planejamento das suas atividades, além, de verificar como é prestada a assistência técnica, se atende a todos com satisfação. Para obter esses resultados, foi aplicado um questionário, em outubro de 2016, com perguntas objetivas e subjetivas para 25 produtores, no Grupo Pioneiro do Sul.Também foi feito um levantamento com o Gestor de Desenvolvimento Rural, da Agência de Desenvolvimento Agrário e Extensão Rural (AGRAER), o qual forneceu alguns dados, referente ao serviço de Assistência técnica que é prestado para os produtores, além de fazer um breve relato sobre a história do Assentamento Itamarati. Foi observado que cerca de 90% dos produtores estão conseguindo administrar suas propriedades com o auxílio da cooperativa, a qual eles são associados. A cooperativa rural ajuda os produtores, apoiando desde a preparação da terra, o plantio, a colheita e a venda dos seus produtos. E referente à assistência técnica há um problema para os produtores serem beneficiados, pois, há um déficit muito grande no quadro de funcionários que prestam assistência. Desta maneira, os produtores ficam desamparados em suas propriedades sem conseguir ter o assessoramento de um técnico para auxiliá-los em seus afazeres dentro da propriedade

The striatal dopamine transporter in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenic patients: evaluation by the new SPECT-ligand[99mTc]TRODAT-1

Following the current hypothesis that acute schizophrenic psychotic illness is associated with a triatal ‘hyperdopaminergic state’, presynaptic integrity and dopamine transporter (DAT) density in first-episode, neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients was measured by single-photonemission- tomography (SPECT) and compared with that in healthy control subjects. A new SPECT-ligand for assessment of the striatal DAT, the Technetium-99m-labelled tropane TRODAT-1 ([99mTc]TRODAT-1), was used. Ten inpatients suffering from a first acute schizophrenic episode and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects underwent SPECT with [99mTc]TRODAT-1. On the day of SPECT, psychopathological ratings were performed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Schedule for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Patients had not previously received any neuroleptic or antidepressant medication. Mean specific TRODAT-1 binding in the striatum did not differ significantly between the patient and the age- and sex-matched control group (1.25 vs. 1.28). Variance was significantly higher in the patient group. The data obtained with the new ligand in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenic patients are in line with the PET results from the group of Laakso et al. in a comparable patient sample. [99mTc]TRODAT-1 seems to be a valuable new SPECTligand in the evaluation of the presynaptic site of the striatal dopaminergic synapse in schizophrenia

[ 11 C]NNC 12-0722 or [ 18 F]GBR 13119: Just what is “better”?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46836/1/259_2004_Article_BF00285593.pd

Dopamine Innervation in the Thalamus: Monkey versus Rat

We recently identified the thalamic dopaminergic system in the human and macaque monkey brains, and, based on earlier reports on the paucity of dopamine in the rat thalamus, hypothesized that this dopaminergic system was particularly developed in primates. Here we test this hypothesis using immunohistochemistry against the dopamine transporter (DAT) in adult macaque and rat brains. The extent and density of DAT-immunoreactive (-ir) axons were remarkably greater in the macaque dorsal thalamus, where the mediodorsal association nucleus and the ventral motor nuclei held the densest immunolabeling. In contrast, sparse DAT immunolabeling was present in the rat dorsal thalamus; it was mainly located in the mediodorsal, paraventricular, ventral medial, and ventral lateral nuclei. The reticular nucleus, zona incerta, and lateral habenular nucleus held numerous DAT-ir axons in both species. Ultrastructural analysis in the macaque mediodorsal nucleus revealed that thalamic interneurons are a main postsynaptic target of DAT-ir axons; this suggests that the marked expansion of the dopamine innervation in the primate in comparison to the rodent thalamus may be related to the presence of a sizable interneuron population in primates. We remark that it is important to be aware of brain species differences when using animal models of human brain disease

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 "for telomere biology" and its relevance to cancer and related diseases

Editorial.-- El pdf es la versión post-print.Peer Reviewe

In vivo [3H]flunitrazepam binding: imaging of receptor regulation

ABSTRACT ABBREVIATIONS: BDZ, benzodiazepine; GABA, 'y-aminobutyric acid; HO, Huntington's Disease; GP, globus pallidus; SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; FLU, flunitrazepam; PET, positron emission tomography; BBB, blood-brain barrier. 74

Imaging the Dopamine Uptake Site with Ex Vivo [ 18 F]GBR 13119 Binding Autoradiography in Rat Brain

We studied the binding of [ 18 F]GBR 13119 {1-[[(4-[ 18 F]fluorophenyl) (phenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine} to rat brain with autoradiography after intravenous injection. The rank order of binding was dorsal striatum > nucleus accumbens = olfactory tubercle > sub-stantia nigra = ventral tegmental area > other areas. Binding was blocked by prior injection of dopamine uptake blockers but not by injection of dopamine receptor antagonists or drugs that bind to the dialkylpiperazine site. Unilateral 6-hydroxy dopamine lesions of dopamine neurons caused a marked decrease in striatal and nigral binding on the side of the lesion. We conclude that intravenous injection of [ 18 F]GBR 13119 provides a useful marker of presynaptic dopamine uptake sites.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66209/1/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04178.x.pd

NMDA receptor channels: Labeling of MK-801 with iodine-125 and fluorine-18

Methods for labeling the glutamate channel blocking agent MK-801 with iodine-125 (125I) and fluorine-18 (18F) are described. Radioiodine was incorporated in the 1- or 3-positions of the aromatic ring of (+/-)MK-801 by solid-state halogen exchange techniques. Attachment of the [18F]fluoromethyl group to the bridgehead methyl position was achieved by reaction of [18F]fluoride with the triflamide alcohol 8 or the novel cyclic sulfamate 9 recently reported by Merck chemists. Radiochemical yields of (+/-)13-[18F]- fluoromethyl-MK-801 were >72%, EOB; radiochemical purity >99%. In competitive binding studies using rat brain homogenates, (+/-)3-bromo-MK-801 showed greater affinity than (+/-)MK-801 for the glutamate-linked channel. The experimental log P (2.1 +/- 0.1) of MK-801 is optimal for transit of the blood-brain barrier. These preliminary findings support further testing of 3-[123I]iodo-MK-801 and (+/-)13-[18F]fluoromethyl-MK-801 as possible agents for in vivo mapping of the glutamate receptor complex.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27605/1/0000649.pd

Calcyon transcript expression in macaque brain

The anatomical distribution of the transcript encoding calcyon, a 24 kDa membrane protein associated with coupling D1-like dopamine receptor activation to potentiated intracellular calcium release, was examined using in situ hybridization in the macaque brain. Calcyon mRNA is found to be abundantly distributed throughout the primate brain. In neocortex, moderately dense, diffuse signal is found in all areas, with increased intensity present in a superficial isodense band corresponding generally to cortical layers II and III. Increased intensity of signal is also seen in the pyramidal cell layers of medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. Calcyon mRNA is present abundantly in subcortical limbic areas such as the nucleus accumbens, septum, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. Moderate calcyon transcript expression is seen in caudate and putamen, with lower levels in globus pallidus. Thalamic nuclei, including the reticular nucleus, express low to moderate levels. Very dense expression is noted in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Numerous brainstem regions express this transcript, notably monoaminergic nuclei including the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe. The cerebellum has detectable levels of expression in both cortex and deep nuclei. Although calcyon is hypothesized as a means for D1-like receptors to modulate “cross-talk” with other neurotransmitter receptor systems, it is notable that abundant calcyon transcript is detected in brain regions not associated with D1-like neurotransmission, particularly the substantia nigra pars compacta and other dopamine-synthesizing cell groups. A substantial proportion of this may relate to the reported association of calcyon with the D5 receptor, or in addition, may suggest that calcyon has a wider role as a regulator of intracellular signal transduction. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:264–276, 2004. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34469/1/10993_ftp.pd