White noise speech illusions: A trait-dependent risk marker for psychotic disorder?

Introduction: White noise speech illusions index liability for psychotic disorder in case-control comparisons. In the current study, we examined i) the rate of white noise speech illusions in siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and ii) to what degree this rate would be contingent on exposure to known environmental risk factors (childhood adversity and recent life events) and level of known endophenotypic dimensions of psychotic disorder [psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale and cognitive ability]. Methods: The white noise task was used as an experimental paradigm to elicit and measure speech illusions in 1,014 patients with psychotic disorders, 1,157 siblings, and 1,507 healthy participants. We examined associations between speech illusions and increasing familial risk (control -> sibling -> patient), modeled as both a linear and a categorical effect, and associations between speech illusions and level of childhood adversities and life events as well as with CAPE scores and cognitive ability scores. Results: While a positive association was found between white noise speech illusions across hypothesized increasing levels of familial risk (controls -> siblings -> patients) [odds ratio (OR) linear 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21, p = 0.019], there was no evidence for a categorical association with sibling status (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.09, p = 0.360). The association between speech illusions and linear familial risk was greater if scores on the CAPE positive scale were higher (p interaction = 0.003; ORlow CAPE positive scale 0.96, 95% CI 0.85-1.07; ORhigh CAPE positive scale 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.46); cognitive ability was lower (p interaction < 0.001; ORhigh cognitive ability 0.94, 95% CI 0.84-1.05; ORlow cognitive ability 1.43, 95% CI 1.23-1.68); and exposure to childhood adversity was higher (p interaction < 0.001; ORlow adversity 0.92, 95% CI 0.82-1.04; ORhigh adversity 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52). A similar, although less marked, pattern was seen for categorical patient-control and sibling-control comparisons. Exposure to recent life events did not modify the association between white noise and familial risk (p interaction = 0.232). Conclusion: The association between white noise speech illusions and familial risk is contingent on additional evidence of endophenotypic expression and of exposure to childhood adversity. Therefore, speech illusions may represent a trait-dependent risk marker

Psychometric properties of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4-Revised (SATAQ-4R) in Turkish women

Research suggests that rates of body image and eating disturbance are on the rise in Turkey and may be reaching levels comparable to those observed in Western societies. However, research examining theoretically based etiological factors for disordered eating via validated assessment measures is limited. The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4-Revised (SATAQ-4R) in a sample of Turkish college women. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a 6-factor scale. Reliability and convergent validity of the SATAQ-4R subscales were good. Results suggest that the SATAQ-4R is appropriate for use with Turkish college females. Future work may seek to examine the scale with Turkish men

Vacuum-assisted stereotactic breast biopsy in the diagnosis and management of suspicious microcalcifications

PURPOSE: We aimed to present our biopsy method and retrospectively evaluate the results, upgrade rate, and follow-up findings of stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) procedures performed in our clinic. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-four patients with mammographically detected nonpalpable breast lesions underwent VABB using a 9 gauge biopsy probe and prone biopsy table. A total of 195 patients (median age 53 years, range 32–80 years) with 198 microcalcification-only lesions with a follow-up of at least one year were included in the study. The location of the lesion relative to the needle was determined from the postfire images, and unlike the conventional technique, tissue retrieval was predominantly performed from that location, followed by a complete 360° rotation, if needed. RESULTS: The median core number was 8.5. Biopsy results revealed 135 benign, 24 atypical, and 39 malignant lesions. The total upgrade rate at surgery was 7.7% (6.1% for ductal carcinomas in situ and 10.5% for atypical lesions). Patients with benign lesions were followed up for a median period of 27.5 months, with no interval change. At the follow-up, scar formation was seen in 23 patients (17%); three of the scars were remarkable for resembling a malignancy. CONCLUSION: Our biposy method is fast and practical, and it is easily tolerated by patients without compromising accuracy. Patients with a diagnosis of atypia still need to undergo a diagnostic surgical procedure and those with a malignancy need to undergo curative surgery, even if the lesion is totally excised at biopsy. VABB may leave a scar in the breast tissue, which may resemble a malignancy, albeit rarely

Vacuum-assisted stereotactic breast biopsy in the diagnosis and management of suspicious microcalcifications

PURPOS

Understanding Collective Action through Relationships: A Study on the Turkish 2013 Uprising (occupy Gezi)

<p>We investigated relationships between relational models, collective identity, and collective action during the early period of the 2013 Turkish uprising. The results showed that collective action was positively influenced by preferences for Communal Sharing, collective identity, but negatively related to preferences for Authority Ranking. We interpret these findings as people’s learned preferences for specific relational models to have significant roles in the supporting of collective action. Importantly, these findings identify important types of relationships in intergroup research.</p

References for poster: Understanding Collective Action through Relationships: A Study on the Turkish 2013 Uprising (occupy Gezi)

<p>References for the poster.</p

Comparison of automated versus hand-held breast US in supplemental screening in asymptomatic women with dense breasts: is there a difference regarding woman preference, lesion detection and lesion characterization?

Purpose To compare automated breast volumetric scanning (ABVS) with hand-held bilateral whole breast ultrasound (HHUS) prospectively in regards to patient workflow, woman preference, efficacy in lesion detection, and characterization. Materials and methods Supplemental screening was performed with both ABVS and HHUS to 345 women with dense breasts and negative mammograms. Acquisition and evaluation times were recorded. Lesions were classified according to BIRADS US criteria and compared one to one. Women were recalled for a secondary HHUS examination if ABVS showed any additional lesions. Findings were compared based on biopsy results and/or 36-48 months of follow-up. Results Findings could be compared for 340 women. There were two carcinomas which were detected by both methods, with no interval cancers in the follow-up period. Recall rate was 46/340 (13.05%) for ABVS and 4/340 (1.18%) for HHUS. ABVS recalls decreased with experience. HHUS had more true negative (BIRADS 1-2) results, while ABVS had more false positive ones (p < 0.001). Positive predictive value was 4.17% for ABVS and 50% for HHUS. ABVS overdiagnosed shadowings (p < 0.01), distortions (p < 0.034), and irregular nodules (p < 0.001) in comparison to HHUS. At ABVS, 10.6% of women experienced severe pain. 59.7% stated that they would choose HHUS if they had the chance. Conclusion ABVS is as good as HHUS in lesion detection. However, the recall rate is higher and positive predictive value is lower with ABVS, which could result in more follow-ups, and more anxiety for the women. More than 50% women stated they would prefer HHUS if they were given the chance

Exploring the Role of Social Anhedonia in the Positive and Negative Dimensions of Schizotypy in a Non-Clinical Sample

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the role of social anhedonia, defined as the lack of ability to feel pleasure from interpersonal relationship, in a multidimensional model of schizotypy and to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Chapman's Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS) in a non-clinical sample. Methods: Second-grade students of Ankara University Medical Faculty were recruited (n=266, Mage=20.28). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test schizotypy dimensions. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency value, test-retest reliability and congruent validity of SAS were calculated. Results: The model in which social anhedonia was allowed to load on both schizotypy dimensions fit the data set better than the model in which social anhedonia was allowed to load on negative dimension alone. The internal consistency assessed with Cronbach's alpha was .84, test-retest reliability was r=.76 and the congruent validity of SAS was r=.55. Conclusion: The results of current study were consistent with those of earlier studies showing that social anhedonia was related to both schizotypy dimensions. Furthermore, the psychometric properties of the Turkish Version of SAS revealed that it is a reliable and valid measurement to assess social anhedonia in a non-clinical population.Publisher's Versio

References for poster: Understanding Collective Action through Relationships: A Study on the Turkish 2013 Uprising (occupy Gezi)

<p>References for the poster.</p