Análisis de rentabilidad y control de costos para una industria panificadora

Establecer un sistema de control de costos y proporcionar herramientas financieras que permitan evaluar la rentabilidad de la empresa y mejorar la toma de decisiones, así estudiar el sistema de producción para examinar los costos primos y costos indirectos de fabricación y analizar los procesos administrativos y comerciales para examinar los gastos de operación vigentes así mismo registrar las actividades generadoras de costos para proponer un plan de cuentas distribuidos en centros de costos que permitan un control

Obstáculos didácticos de los docentes de matemática, en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación básica secundaria y media, del municipio de Valledupar-Cesar.

Este artículo analizó los obstáculos didácticos de los docentes de matemática en el proceso Enseñanza-Aprendizaje de la Educación Básica Secundaria y Media, del Municipio de Valledupar. Implicando esto orientar y proponer las estrategias metodológicas con las pedagogías activas, que permitan evitar y superar los obstáculos didácticos presentes en este mundo complejo del proceso del sistema educativo formativo, a mediano y largo plazo. Se trata de una investigación de diseño no experimental, transeccionales descriptiva, y de campo. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó una encuesta, tipo Likert aplicada a 46, de los 161 docentes de matemáticas en 11 de las 24 Instituciones del Municipio de Valledupar. Así mismo, los análisis de los resultados admitieron conocer las dificultades que poseen los docentes de matemáticas para identificar, producir, difundir e integrar el conocimiento matemático al proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje en su hábitat. Con base en estos resultados, se hacen sugerencias que pueden ser de gran utilidad, para que exista una adecuada directriz que propicie novedosos procesos de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje, en las Instituciones Educativas Valduparense

Normative database for separate inner retinal layers thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Caucasian population

Purpose: Develop the first normative database of the thickness of every inner retinal layer in the macular area in a healthy, Caucasian population between 18 to 87 years old, using Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods: On this transversal, observational study, 300 patients between 18 to 87 years old and without an ophthalmological condition were recruited. Macular OCT scans were performed on all patients (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering). An axial length measurement, and keratometry were performed using an optical biometer. The volume and thickness of the different macular sectors of the inner retinal layers (retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cells layer (CGL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL)) were analyzed with the Spectralis OCT segmentation software. An eye was randomly selected for each patient. Results: 297 patients (179 females and 118 males) were included in the study. The mean age was 56.07 years (range: 40.50-72). The multivariate analysis showed a positive correlation between the RNFL thickness and the axial length (p < 0.001). The mean central retinal thickness was 278.2 Mm (range: 266-291), the mean central RNFL thickness was 12.61 Mm (range: 11-14), the mean central CGL thickness was 17.63 Mm (range: 14-21) and the mean central IPL thickness was 22.02 Mm (range: 20-25). The multivariate analysis showed a negative correlation between age and CGL thickness and inner IPL thickness (p< 0.001). Conclusion: This study provides a normative database of the volume of each of the inner retinal layers on a Caucasian population

La cultura de género en las organizaciones

279 p.En este libro nos planteamos la contradicción existente en los centros educativos, en los que, por un lado, hay un elevado número de profesoras que ejercen sus funciones en las tareas docentes y, por otro lado, las estadísticas son tan persistentes en demostrar que el número de mujeres en puestos directivos en centros educativos es mucho menor de lo que correspondería en proporción a su presencia en esta profesión. Esta situación supone que, aunque en la teoría o en las leyes hablemos de igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, el modelo de educación que transmitimos en la práctica real en nuestras organizaciones contribuye a desarrollar una cultura, unas “formas de hacer”, unas costumbres y unas prácticas implícitas contrarias a los planteamientos de la igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres. Y esto es importante porque lo que las futuras generaciones de hombres y mujeres aprenden en la escuela, no es sólo lo que les transmitimos, sino también lo que ven y viven en la organización y el funcionamiento de esas instituciones en las que pasan al menos 14 años de su vid

DICER1-associated central nervous system sarcoma: A comprehensive clinical and genomic characterization of case series of young adult patients

Las alteraciones de DICER1 están asociadas con tumores intracraneales en la población pediátrica, incluidos el pineoblastoma, el blastoma hipofisario y el recientemente descrito " sarcoma primario del SNC asociado a DICER1 " (DCS). DCS es un tumor extremadamente agresivo con una firma de metilación distinta y una alta frecuencia de mutaciones concurrentes. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre su enfoque de tratamiento y los cambios genómicos que ocurren después de la exposición a la quimiorradioterapia.DICER1 alterations are associated with intracranial tumors in the pediatric population, including pineoblastoma, pituitary blastoma and the recently described "DICER1-associated primary CNS sarcoma" (DCS). DCS is an extremely aggressive tumor with a distinct methylation signature and a high frequency of concurrent mutations. However, little is known about its treatment approach and the genomic changes that occur after exposure to chemoradiotherapy

Dengue Fever Seroprevalence and Risk Factors, Texas–Mexico Border, 2004

High seroprevalence of dengue was found on both sides of the border

Consensus Report on Preventive Antibiotic Therapy in Dental Implant Procedures: Summary of Recommendations from the Spanish Society of Implants

Current patterns of preventive antibiotic prescribing are encouraging the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Recently, the Spanish Society of Implants (SEI) developed the first clinical practice guidelines published to date, providing clear guidelines on how to prescribe responsible and informed preventive antibiotic therapy (PAT) based on the available scientific evidence on dental implant treatments (DIs). The present document aims to summarise and disseminate the recommendations established by this expert panel. These were based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies were analysed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist templates and ranked according to their level of evidence. They were then assigned a level of recommendation using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system (GRADE). Guidelines were established on the type of PAT, antibiotic and dosage of administration in the placement of DIs without anatomical constraints, in bone augmentation with the placement of DIs in one or two stages, placement of immediate DIs, sinus elevations, implant prosthetic phase, as well as recommendations in patients allergic to penicillin. Therefore, the PAT must be adapted to the type of implant procedure to be performed

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatits C Virus Coinfection in Spain: Elimination Is Feasible, but the Burden of Residual Cirrhosis Will Be Significant

Background: We assessed the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV-Abs) and active HCV infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Spain in 2016 and compared the results with those of similar studies performed in 2002, 2009, and 2015. Methods: The study was performed in 43 centers during October-November 2016. The sample was estimated for an accuracy of 2% and selected by proportional allocation and simple random sampling. During 2016, criteria for therapy based on direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) were at least significant liver fibrosis, severe extrahepatic manifestations of HCV, and high risk of HCV transmissibility. Results: The reference population and the sample size were 38904 and 1588 patients, respectively. The prevalence of HCV-Abs in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016 was 60.8%, 50.2%, 37.7%, and 34.6%, respectively (P trend <.001, from 2002 to 2015). The prevalence of active HCV in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016 was 54.0%, 34.0%, 22.1%, and 11.7%, respectively (P trend <.001). The anti-HCV treatment uptake in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016 was 23.0%, 48.0%, 59.3%, and 74.7%, respectively (P trend <.001). In 2016, HCV-related cirrhosis was present in 7.6% of all HIV-infected individuals, 15.0% of patients with active HCV, and 31.5% of patients who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that with universal access to DAA-based therapy and continued efforts in prevention and screening, it will be possible to eliminate active HCV among HIV-infected individuals in Spain in the short term. However, the burden of HCV-related cirrhosis will continue to be significant among HIV-infected individuals.This work was funded by grant Ref. no. GLD14-00279 from the GILEAD Fellowship Programme (Spain) and by the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RD16/0025/0017, RD16/0025/0018) that is included in the Spanish I+D+I Plan and is co-financed by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluacion and European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).S

Educación para el desarrollo en Castilla y León: cómo vemos el mundo

439 p.Quienes creemos que son necesarios cambios en el sistema económico, político y financiero mundial que permitan avanzar en el desarrollo humano sostenible de los pueblos, superando las injusticias y las brechas de desigualdad en el acceso a los recursos, siempre hemos considerado la educación como una pieza clave para conducir ese cambio, y a la universidad como un agente fundamental que puede y debe desarrollarla. Es difícil reflexionar sobre la “Educación para el Desarrollo” distanciándose de los acontecimientos que durante los últimos meses están ocurriendo en Europa y España. Estamos viendo y viviendo cómo la crisis financiera y económica es utilizada para justificar decisiones políticas que reducen nuestro nivel de bienestar. Es inevitable la comparación con los planes de ajuste estructural (PAE) que desde los años 80 se impusieron al dictado del FMI y el BM a los países empobrecidos como respuesta a la crisis de la Deuda Externa, así como sus nefastas consecuencias sociales y económicas para los pueblos afectado

Methylmercury exposure in a subsistence fishing community in Lake Chapala, Mexico: an ecological approach

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Elevated concentrations of mercury have been documented in fish in Lake Chapala in central Mexico, an area that is home to a large subsistence fishing community. However, neither the extent of human mercury exposure nor its sources and routes have been elucidated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Total mercury concentrations were measured in samples of fish from Lake Chapala; in sections of sediment cores from the delta of Rio Lerma, the major tributary to the lake; and in a series of suspended-particle samples collected at sites from the mouth of the Lerma to mid-Lake. A cross-sectional survey of 92 women ranging in age from 18-45 years was conducted in three communities along the Lake to investigate the relationship between fish consumption and hair mercury concentrations among women of child-bearing age.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Highest concentrations of mercury in fish samples were found in carp (mean 0.87 ppm). Sediment data suggest a pattern of moderate ongoing contamination. Analyses of particles filtered from the water column showed highest concentrations of mercury near the mouth of the Lerma. In the human study, 27.2% of women had >1 ppm hair mercury. On multivariable analysis, carp consumption and consumption of fish purchased or captured from Lake Chapala were both associated with significantly higher mean hair mercury concentrations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our preliminary data indicate that, despite a moderate level of contamination in recent sediments and suspended particulate matter, carp in Lake Chapala contain mercury concentrations of concern for local fish consumers. Consumption of carp appears to contribute significantly to body burden in this population. Further studies of the consequences of prenatal exposure for child neurodevelopment are being initiated.</p