Satellite Altimetry and Current-Meter Velocities in the Malvinas Current at 41°S: Comparisons and Modes of Variations

Three year long current-meter arrays were deployed in the Malvinas Current at 418S below a satellite altimeter track at about 10 years intervals. Surface geostrophic velocities (SGV) derived from satel- lite altimetric data are compared with the in situ velocities at the upper current meter (􏰁300 m). Multisatel- lite gridded SGV compare better with in situ observations than along-track SGV. In spite of the proximity of the moorings to the complex Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) region, satellite SGV are significantly corre- lated with the 20 day low-passed in situ velocities (0.85 for along-isobaths velocities, 0.8 for cross-isobaths velocities). The recent in situ measurement period (2014?2015) stands out in the altimetry record with a long-lasting (4 months) high level of eddy kinetic energy at the mooring site and a southernmost location of the Subantarctic Front (SAF). The first two modes of variations of sea level anomaly (SLA) over the BMC remarkably match the first two modes of the low-passed in situ velocities. The first mode is associated with a latitudinal migration of the SAF, and the second with a longitudinal displacement of the Brazil Current overshoot. The two modes dominate the 24 year long record of SLA in the BMC, with energy peaks at the annual and semiannual periods for the first mode and at 3?5 months for the second mode. The SLA over the Southwest Atlantic was regressed onto the two confluence modes of SLA variations and showed remarkable standing wave train like structures in the Argentine Basin.Fil: Ferrari, Ramiro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Artana, Camila Indira. Universite de Paris VI; FranciaFil: Saraceno, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Piola, Alberto Ricardo. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Provost, Christine. Universite de Paris VI; Franci

The lice of the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago (Insecta: Phthiraptera).

In der Arbeit sind alle bisher in der Literatur erwähnten und fünf neu gesammelte bzw. in Sammlungen nachgewiesene Laus-Arten der Tristan da Cunha Inseln aufgelisted und diskutiert. Die Liste umfasst 54 Laus-Arten aus 21 Gattungen mit ihren Wirten, nämlich 20 Vogel-Arten und einem Säugetier und Angaben zu den vier Hauptinseln. Dabei konnten sechs Funde nur bis zur Art bzw. Unterart bestimmt werden. Die Geschichte der Sammlungen auf dem Archipel und der umgebenden Region ist ebenfalls aufgeführt.StichwörterPhthiraptera, Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Inaccessible, Gough, South Atlantic Ocean, seabirds, landbirds.All the louse species reported in the literature from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago have been compiled, listed and discussed, including five additional species records based on material recently collected or identified in previous collections. A total of 54 louse species (including 6 records identified at the generic or subgeneric level only), belonging to 21 genera, have been listed together with their hosts: 20 bird species and one mammal. A brief discussion on the history of louse collections made on and around the archipelago, and detailed louse records from the four main islands are also given.KeywordsPhthiraptera, Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale, Inaccessible, Gough, South Atlantic Ocean, seabirds, landbirds

Phylogenomic analysis of lactobacillus curvatus reveals two lineages distinguished by genes for fermenting plant-derived carbohydrates

Lactobacillus curvatus is a lactic acid bacterium encountered in many different types of fermented food (meat, seafood, vegetables, and cereals). Although this species plays an important role in the preservation of these foods, few attempts have been made to assess its genomic diversity. This study uses comparative analyses of 13 published genomes (complete or draft) to better understand the evolutionary processes acting on the genome of this species. Phylogenomic analysis, based on a coalescent model of evolution, revealed that the 6,742 sites of single nucleotide polymorphism within the L. curvatus core genome delineate two major groups, with lineage 1 represented by the newly sequenced strain FLEC03, and lineage 2 represented by the type-strain DSM20019. The two lineages could also be distinguished by the content of their accessory genome, which sheds light on a long-term evolutionary process of lineage-dependent genetic acquisition and the possibility of population structure. Interestingly, one clade from lineage 2 shared more accessory genes with strains of lineage 1 than with other strains of lineage 2, indicating recent convergence in carbohydrate catabolism. Both lineages had a wide repertoire of accessory genes involved in the fermentation of plant-derived carbohydrates that are released from polymers of α/β-glucans, α/β-fructans, and N-acetylglucosan. Other gene clusters were distributed among strains according to the type of food from which the strains were isolated. These results give new insight into the ecological niches in which L. curvatus may naturally thrive (such as silage or compost heaps) in addition to fermented food.Fil: Teran, Lucrecia Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Coeuret, Gwendoline. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Raya, Raul Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Zagorec, Monique. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Champomier-Vergès, Marie-Christine. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Chaillou, Stéphane. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Franci

Challenge of Diagnosing and Treating a Mediastinal Mass in a Young Patient

Background: Germ cell tumors (GCT) are neoplasms arising in the testicles (1). Rarely these tumors can grow outside of the reproductive organs without involving them, acquiring the name of extragonadal GCT (2). Mediastinal extragonadal GCT is further divided into seminomatous, non-seminomatous (yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma and/or embryonal cell tumor), mature teratoma, and immature teratoma according to the histological pattern (2). Case Presentation: 24-year-old-male patient presented to the ER with complaints of a persistent cough of one-month duration accompanied by orthopnea, pleuritic chest pain, and worsening shortness of breath. The patient denied weight loss, testicular pain, night sweats, fever, or hemoptysis. Vital signs on admission were stable. CXR showed a large mass-like density overlying the right hilum. CT chest with contrast showed a 13 cm anterior mediastinal mass with a right loculated pleural effusion. Biopsy was performed with immunohistology compatible with nonseminatomous germ cell tumor. Serological tumor markers including Alpha-fetoprotein, LDH and Beta HCG were significantly elevated. AFP 1,680.4, LDH 399, Beta HCG 113 and CEA 1.3 supported this diagnosis. Conclusion: Nonseminomatous extragonadal GCT is a rare but aggressive neoplasm that arises in the anterior mediastinum. Statistically, they occur more often in men than in women, commonly between the ages of 20 and 40 years old. Treatment with chemotherapy followed by surgical resection of the mass is recommended and should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is made. Our patient opted to be transferred to MD Anderson Cancer Center for a higher level of care

New records and distribution extensions of three species of Mesoclemmys Gray, 1863 (Testudines: Chelidae) in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, with observations on terrestrial movements

Distribution patterns of most of the 20 Neotropical freshwater turtles belonging to the family Chelidae are usually based on few locality records. We here report on vouchered records of three species of the chelid genus Mesoclemmys in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. Presence of M. vanderhaegei is confirmed for the Amazon River Basin, and M. gibba and M. raniceps are recorded in Mato Grosso for the first time

Human Rating the Orion Parachute System

Human rating begins with design. Converging on the requirements and identifying the risks as early as possible in the design process is essential. Understanding of the interaction between the recovery system and the spacecraft will in large part dictate the achievable reliability of the final design. Component and complete system full-scale flight testing is critical to assure a realistic evaluation of the performance and reliability of the parachute system. However, because testing is so often difficult and expensive, comprehensive analysis of test results and correlation to accurate modeling completes the human rating process. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Orion program uses parachutes to stabilize and decelerate the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) spacecraft during subsonic flight in order to deliver a safe water landing. This paper describes the approach that CEV Parachute Assembly System (CPAS) will take to human rate the parachute recovery system for the CEV

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PROPRIEDADES LEITEIRAS FAMILIARES INTEGRADAS A LATICÍNIOS DA REGIÃO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ

O objetivo desse trabalho foi proceder a verificação da qualidade do leite de quatro propriedades familiares localizadas nos municípios de Itapejara D’Oeste e Francisco Beltrão, no período de setembro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009. A caracterização físico-química expressa nas análises efetuadas pelos laticínios compradores formou a base do estudo. Os resultados foram interpretados segundo a Instrução Normativa nº 51/2002. Com o acompanhamento das unidades produtivas, os sistemas de produção de leite, as medidas higiênicas sanitárias adotadas, o nível tecnológico de cada unidade, todos os quesitos da produção foram verificados. Contando atualmente com leis e créditos oficiais para o incremento da produção de leite com qualidade nutricional, o produtor familiar não possui consciência de seu papel na obtenção da qualidade do produto. No caso estudado, verificou-se que os laticínios não adotam de fato o pagamento diferenciado por qualidade do leite, restando aos produtores priorizar a quantidade do produto

Ravena e o fim do Império Romano Ocidental: construção imagética do Christus Militans

This article aims to present the Christus Militans, mosaic of the archbishop's chapel of Ravenna, a work that attracts attention not only for its beauty, but above all for its theme. This is because, accustomed to the peaceful and saving message of Christ, the reader can be led into estrangement by seeing represented a Christ whose image resemble a soldier. In addition, we intend to discuss the iconological issue and its tradition present in this representation.Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o Christus Militans, mosaico da capela arcebispal de Ravena, obra que chama a atenção não só por sua beleza, mas, sobretudo, por sua temática. Isso porque, acostumados com a mensagem pacífica e salvadora de Cristo, o leitor pode ser levado ao estranhamento ao ver representado um Cristo soldado. Além disso, pretendemos discorrer sobre a questão iconológica e sua tradição presentes em sua representação.

Oxidation Alters the Architecture of the Phenylalanyl-tRNA Synthetase Editing Domain to Confer Hyperaccuracy

High fidelity during protein synthesis is accomplished by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). These enzymes ligate an amino acid to a cognate tRNA and have proofreading and editing capabilities that ensure high fidelity. Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) preferentially ligates a phenylalanine to a tRNAPhe over the chemically similar tyrosine, which differs from phenylalanine by a single hydroxyl group. In bacteria that undergo exposure to oxidative stress such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, tyrosine isomer levels increase due to phenylalanine oxidation. Several residues are oxidized in PheRS and contribute to hyperactive editing, including against mischarged Tyr-tRNAPhe, despite these oxidized residues not being directly implicated in PheRS activity. Here, we solve a 3.6 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of oxidized S. Typhimurium PheRS. We find that oxidation results in widespread structural rearrangements in the β-subunit editing domain and enlargement of its editing domain. Oxidization also enlarges the phenylalanyl-adenylate binding pocket but to a lesser extent. Together, these changes likely explain why oxidation leads to hyperaccurate editing and decreased misincorporation of tyrosine. Taken together, these results help increase our understanding of the survival of S. Typhimurium during human infection