Chemische und sensorische Untersuchungen zur Herstellungsdynamik von Grillhähnchen unter Berücksichtigung von Geflügelfleisch aus verschiedenen Schlachtbetrieben

Angesichts der zunehmenden Nachfrage nach Geflügelfleisch von Seiten des Verbrauchers wurde die Fragestellung behandelt, ob sich Masthähnchen aus unterschiedlichen Mast-/ bzw. Schlachtbetrieben im Hinblick auf die Qualität des rohen und zubereiteten Produktes unterscheiden. Die untersuchten Broiler stammten aus vier verschiedenen Schlachtbetrieben (A bis D), die jeweils von vertraglich gebundenen Mästern beliefert wurden. Alle Schlachtbetriebe entsprachen dem EU-Standard. Bei den Haltungsformen handelte es sich um konventionelle Bodenhaltung. Die Mäster von Betrieb C verfügten über ein BTS-Haltungssystem (Besonders Tierfreundliche Stallhaltung), welches den Tieren zusätzlich den Auslauf in einem überdachten Außenbereich ermöglicht. Die geschlachteten Tiere wurden von einem nordbayerischen Unternehmen direkt vom jeweiligen Schlachtbetrieb bezogen und frisch zur Untersuchung angeliefert. Die Broiler (n = 64) wurden im Hinblick auf ihre sensorischen Eigenschaften, ausgewählte chemische Parameter, ihren Brennwert sowie ihren Gehalt an auspreßbarem Gewebewasser analysiert. Die sensorische Untersuchung wurde an ungewürzten und an mit einer vorgefertigten Gewürzmischung gewürzten Hähnchen anhand einer bewertenden Prüfung mit 5-Punkte Skale durchgeführt. Die Zubereitung erfolgte mit einem speziellen „Grillhähnchen-Programm“ in einem Combi- Dämpfer. Die chemische Analyse sowie die Bestimmung des auspreßbaren Gewebewassers wurden in Anlehnung an die Amtliche Sammlung von Untersuchungsverfahren nach § 35 LMBG durchgeführt. Zur Berechnung der Brennwerte dienten einzelne Parameter aus der chemisch- physikalischen Analyse. Nach statistischer Auswertung der Ergebnisse der chemisch-physikalischen Untersuchung, der Ermittlung des ungebundenen Gewebewassers und der Brennwertuntersuchung, anhand des Wilcoxon‘schen-Rangsummentests, zeigte sich, daß die untersuchten Broiler der Chargen C signifikant weniger Fett und signifikant mehr Rohprotein enthielten. Das auspreßbare Gewebewasser war bei Charge A signifikant niedriger als bei den übrigen Chargen. Die Brennwerte waren bei allen Chargen weitgehend deckungsgleich, allerdings enthielt C im Vergleich zu den übrigen Chargen signifikant mehr Kilojoule aus Rohprotein als aus Fett. Die sensorische Untersuchung zeigte, daß alle Chargen über einen hohen Genußwert verfügten. Die besten sensorischen Ergebnisse wurden bei der hier gewählten Zubereitungsart allerdings bei einem mittleren Fettgehalt der Broiler erzielt. Aus den gewonnenen Ergebnissen läßt sich ableiten, daß sofern sich das Rohmaterial der Grillhähnchen innerhalb eines gewissen Qualitätsniveaus bewegt, bei gleicher Zubereitung keine bedeutenden Unterschiede in der Qualität des Endproduktes zu erwarten sind. Damit kommt den bromatologischen Aspekten wie Würzung, Zubereitung und Darreichungsform eine besondere Bedeutung zu

Einige Gedanken zur Matriarchatsdebatte in der Frauenbewegung

Es geht um Formen matristischer Gesellschaften, die eine Gleich- bzw. Höherbewegung der Frau in ökonomischer, rechtlicher und ideologischer Hinsicht beinhalten, und ihre Bedeutung für die heutige Matriarchatsdebatte. Die Darstellung basiert auf einer Literaturanalyse. Ausgehend von archäologischen und ethnologischen bzw. kulturanthropologischen Befunden, die matristische oder gemischte Gesellschaftsformen erkennen lassen, ist aufgrund des noch ungenügenden Wissens darüber kein konkretes Zukunftsmodell eines Matriarchats zu entwickeln. Wichtig erscheint, daß auch in matristischen Gesellschaften die sozialen Rollen nach Geschlechtszugehörigkeit differenziert wurden, aber keine derartige Beschränkung für die Rollen der Männer auftraten wie für Frauen in Patriarchaten, und daß das angeborene Geschlecht sozial, nicht biologisch, veränderbar war. (HD

13C, 15N Resonance Assignment of Parts of the HET-s Prion Protein in its Amyloid Form

The partial 15N and 13C solid-state NMR resonance assignment of the HET-s prion protein fragment 218-289 in its amyloid form is presented. It is based on experiments measured at MAS frequencies in the range of 20-40kHz using exclusively adiabatic polarization-transfer schemes. The resonance assignment within each residue is based on two-dimensional 13C--13C correlation spectra utilizing the DREAM mixing scheme. The sequential linking of the assigned residues used a set of two- and three-dimensional 15N--13C correlation experiments. Almost all cross peaks visible in the spectra are assigned, but only resonances from 43 of the 78 amino-acid residues could be detected. The missing residues are thought to be highly disordered and/or highly dynamic giving rise to broad resonance lines that escaped detection in the experiments applied. The line widths of the observed resonances are narrow and comparable to line widths observed in micro-crystalline samples. The 43 assigned residues are located in two fragments of about 20 residue

Optimal storage of a single photon by a single intra-cavity atom

We theoretically analyse the efficiency of a quantum memory for single photons. The photons propagate along a transmission line and impinge on one of the mirrors of a high-finesse cavity. The quantum memory is constituted by a single atom within the optical resonator. Photon storage is realised by the controlled transfer of the photonic excitation into a metastable state of the atom and occurs via a Raman transition with a suitably tailored laser pulse, which drives the atom. Our study is supported by numerical simulations, in which we include the modes of the transmission line and we use the experimental parameters of existing experimental setups. It reproduces the results derived using input-output theory in the corresponding regime and can be extended to compute dynamics where the input-output formalism cannot be straightforwardly applied. Our analysis determines the maximal storage efficiency, namely, the maximal probability to store the photon in a stable atomic excitation, in the presence of spontaneous decay and cavity parasitic losses. It further delivers the form of the laser pulse that achieves the maximal efficiency by partially compensating parasitic losses. We numerically assess the conditions under which storage based on adiabatic dynamics is preferable to non-adiabatic pulses. Moreover, we systematically determine the shortest photon pulse that can be efficiently stored as a function of the system parameters.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Intranasal Delivery of MVA Vector Vaccine Induces Effective Pulmonary Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rodents

Antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (Trms) and neutralizing IgA antibodies provide the most effective protection of the lungs from viral infections. To induce those essential components of lung immunity against SARS-CoV-2, we tested various immunization protocols involving intranasal delivery of a novel Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-SARS-2-spike vaccine candidate. We show that a single intranasal MVA-SARS-CoV-2-S application in mice strongly induced pulmonary spike-specific CD8+ T cells, albeit restricted production of neutralizing antibodies. In prime-boost protocols, intranasal booster vaccine delivery proved to be crucial for a massive expansion of systemic and lung tissue-resident spike-specific CD8+ T cells and the development of Th1 - but not Th2 - CD4+ T cells. Likewise, very high titers of IgG and IgA anti-spike antibodies were present in serum and broncho-alveolar lavages that possessed high virus neutralization capacities to all current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Importantly, the MVA-SARS-2-spike vaccine applied in intramuscular priming and intranasal boosting treatment regimen completely protected hamsters from developing SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and pathology. Together, these results identify intramuscular priming followed by respiratory tract boosting with MVA-SARS-2-S as a promising approach for the induction of local, respiratory as well as systemic immune responses suited to protect from SARS-CoV-2 infections

The ReCoDe addiction research consortium:Losing and regaining control over drug intake-Findings and future perspectives

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are seen as a continuum ranging from goal-directed and hedonic drug use to loss of control over drug intake with aversive consequences for mental and physical health and social functioning. The main goals of our interdisciplinary German collaborative research centre on Losing and Regaining Control over Drug Intake (ReCoDe) are (i) to study triggers (drug cues, stressors, drug priming) and modifying factors (age, gender, physical activity, cognitive functions, childhood adversity, social factors, such as loneliness and social contact/interaction) that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption under real-life conditions. (ii) To study underlying behavioural, cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of disease trajectories and drug-related behaviours and (iii) to provide non-invasive mechanism-based interventions. These goals are achieved by: (A) using innovative mHealth (mobile health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers and modifying factors on drug consumption patterns in real life in a cohort of 900 patients with alcohol use disorder. This approach will be complemented by animal models of addiction with 24/7 automated behavioural monitoring across an entire disease trajectory; i.e. from a naïve state to a drug-taking state to an addiction or resilience-like state. (B) The identification and, if applicable, computational modelling of key molecular, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms (e.g., reduced cognitive flexibility) mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on disease trajectories. (C) Developing and testing non-invasive interventions (e.g., Just-In-Time-Adaptive-Interventions (JITAIs), various non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), individualized physical activity) that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake. Here, we will report on the most important results of the first funding period and outline our future research strategy.</p

Next-generation sequencing of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements for clonality assessment: a technical feasibility study by EuroClonality-NGS

One of the hallmarks of B lymphoid malignancies is a B cell clone characterized by a unique footprint of clonal immunoglobulin (IG) gene rearrangements that serves as a diagnostic marker for clonality assessment. The EuroClonality/BIOMED-2 assay is currently the gold standard for analyzing IG heavy chain (IGH) and κ light chain (IGK) gene rearrangements of suspected B cell lymphomas. Here, the EuroClonality-NGS Working Group presents a multicentre technical feasibility study of a novel approach involving next-generation sequencing (NGS) of IGH and IGK loci rearrangements that is highly suitable for detecting IG gene rearrangements in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. By employing gene-specific primers for IGH and IGK amplifying smaller amplicon sizes in combination with deep sequencing technology, this NGS-based IG clonality analysis showed robust performance, even in DNA samples of suboptimal DNA integrity, and a high clinical sensitivity for the detection of clonal rearrangements. Bioinformatics analyses of the high-throughput sequencing data with ARResT/Interrogate, a platform developed within the EuroClonality-NGS Working Group, allowed accurate identification of clonotypes in both polyclonal cell populations and monoclonal lymphoproliferative disorders. This multicentre feasibility study is an important step towards implementation of NGS-based clonality assessment in clinical practice, which will eventually improve lymphoma diagnostics

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)3 Project

Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)3 project has been established in 2016. It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, ship-borne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data

Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making

Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)