No positive effect of autologous platelet gel after total knee arthroplasty: A double-blind randomized controlled trial: 102 patients with a 3-month follow-up

Background and purpose Activated platelets release a cocktail of growth factors, some of which are thought to stimulate repair. We investigated whether the use of autologous platelet gel (PG) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would improve wound healing and knee function, and reduce blood loss and the use of analgesics. Patients and methods 102 patients undergoing TKA were randomly assigned to a PG group (n 50) or to a control (C) group (n 52). The primary analysis was based on 73 participants (PG: 32; C: 41) with comparison of postoperative wound scores, VAS, WOMAC, knee function, use of analgesics, and the pre- and postoperative hemoglobin values after a follow-up of 3 months. 29 participants were excluded due to insufficient data. Results The characteristics of the protocol-compliant patients were similar to those of the patients who w

Dressings for the prevention of surgical site infection (Review)

Background Surgical wounds (incisions) heal by primary intention when the wound edges are brought together and secured, often with sutures, staples, or clips. Wound dressings applied after wound closure may provide physical support, protection and absorb exudate. There are many different types of wound dressings available and wounds can also be left uncovered (exposed). Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication of wounds and this may be associated with using (or not using) dressings, or different types of dressing. Objectives To assess the effects of wound dressings compared with no wound dressings, and the effects of alternative wound dressings, in preventing SSIs in surgical wounds healing by primary intention. Search methods We searched the following databases: the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register (searched 19 September 2016); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; the Cochrane Library 2016, Issue 8); Ovid MEDLINE (including In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE Daily and Epub Ahead of Print; 1946 to 19 September 2016); Ovid Embase (1974 to 19 September 2016); EBSCO CINAHL Plus (1937 to 19 September 2016). There were no restrictions based on language, date of publication or study setting. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing wound dressings with wound exposure (no dressing) or alternative wound dressings for the postoperative management of surgical wounds healing by primary intention. Data collection and analysis Two review authors performed study selection, 'Risk of bias' assessment and data extraction independently. Main results We included 29 trials (5718 participants). All studies except one were at an unclear or high risk of bias. Studies were small, reported low numbers of SSI events and were often not clearly reported. There were 16 trials that included people with wounds resulting from surgical procedures with a 'clean' classification, five trials that included people undergoing what was considered 'clean/contaminated' surgery, with the remaining studies including people undergoing a variety of surgical procedures with different contamination classifications. Four trials compared wound dressings with no wound dressing (wound exposure); the remaining 25 studies compared alternative dressing types, with the majority comparing a basic wound contact dressing with film dressings, silver dressings or hydrocolloid dressings. The review contains 11 comparisons in total. Primary outcome: SSI It is uncertain whether wound exposure or any dressing reduces or increases the risk of SSI compared with alternative options investigated: we assessed the certainty of evidence as very low for most comparisons (and low for others), with downgrading (according to GRADE criteria) largely due to risk of bias and imprecision. We summarise the results of comparisons with meta-analysed data below: - film dressings compared with basic wound contact dressings following clean surgery (RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.70 to 2.55), very low certainty evidence downgraded once for risk of bias and twice for imprecision. - hydrocolloid dressings compared with basic wound contact dressings following clean surgery (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.30 to 2.78), very low certainty evidence downgraded once for risk of bias and twice for imprecision. - hydrocolloid dressings compared with basic wound contact dressings following potentially contaminated surgery (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.51), very low certainty evidence downgraded twice for risk of bias and twice for imprecision. - silver-containing dressings compared with basic wound contact dressings following clean surgery (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.62), very low certainty evidence downgraded once for risk of bias and twice for imprecision. - silver-containing dressings compared with basic wound contact dressings following potentially contaminated surgery (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.37), very low certainty evidence downgraded twice for risk of bias and twice for imprecision. Secondary outcomes There was limited and low or very low certainty evidence on secondary outcomes such as scarring, acceptability of dressing and ease of removal, and uncertainty whether wound dressings influenced these outcomes. Authors' conclusions It is uncertain whether covering surgical wounds healing by primary intention with wound dressings reduces the risk of SSI, or whether any particular wound dressing is more effective than others in reducing the risk of SSI, improving scarring, reducing pain, improving acceptability to patients, or is easier to remove. Most studies in this review were small and at a high or unclear risk of bias. Based on the current evidence, decision makers may wish to base decisions about how to dress a wound following surgery on dressing costs as well as patient preference

Deep Learning for Dietary Assessment: A Study on YOLO Models and the Swedish Plate Model

In recent years, the field of computer vision has seen remarkable advancements, particularly with the rise of deep learning techniques. Object detection, a challenging task in image analysis, has benefited from these developments. This thesis investigates the application of object detection models, specifically You Only Look Once (YOLO), in the context of food recognition and health assessment based on the Swedish plate model. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of YOLO models in predicting the healthiness of food compositions according to the guidelines provided by the Swedish plate model. The research utilizes a custom dataset comprising 3707 images with 42 different food classes. Various preprocessing- and augmentation techniques are applied to enhance dataset quality and model robustness. The performance of the three YOLO models (YOLOv7, YOLOv8, and YOLOv9) are evaluated using precision, recall, mean Average Precision (mAP), and F1 score metrics. Results indicate that YOLOv8 showed higher performance, making it the recommended choice for further implementation in dietary assessment and health promotion initiatives. The study contributes to the understanding of how deep learning models can be leveraged for food recognition and health assessment. Overall, this thesis underscores the potential of deep learning in advancing computational approaches to dietary assessment and promoting healthier eating habits

Deep Learning for Dietary Assessment: A Study on YOLO Models and the Swedish Plate Model

In recent years, the field of computer vision has seen remarkable advancements, particularly with the rise of deep learning techniques. Object detection, a challenging task in image analysis, has benefited from these developments. This thesis investigates the application of object detection models, specifically You Only Look Once (YOLO), in the context of food recognition and health assessment based on the Swedish plate model. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of YOLO models in predicting the healthiness of food compositions according to the guidelines provided by the Swedish plate model. The research utilizes a custom dataset comprising 3707 images with 42 different food classes. Various preprocessing- and augmentation techniques are applied to enhance dataset quality and model robustness. The performance of the three YOLO models (YOLOv7, YOLOv8, and YOLOv9) are evaluated using precision, recall, mean Average Precision (mAP), and F1 score metrics. Results indicate that YOLOv8 showed higher performance, making it the recommended choice for further implementation in dietary assessment and health promotion initiatives. The study contributes to the understanding of how deep learning models can be leveraged for food recognition and health assessment. Overall, this thesis underscores the potential of deep learning in advancing computational approaches to dietary assessment and promoting healthier eating habits

A case report about two children with Asperger syndrome and ADHD

Syftet med studien är dels att undersöka, beskriva och förstå varför två barn med Asperger syndrom och ADHD inte fick fullständiga betyg i skolan, men också att undersöka hur skolan kan arbeta för att andra barn ska kunna uppnå det. Fallbeskrivningen om J och R är central i uppsatsen men jag har också intervjuat två specialpedagoger och en speciallärare samt haft en personlig kommunikation med flera nyckelpersoner inom barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin för att få svar på mina frågor. Av fallbeskrivningen framkommer det att såväl pedagoger som skolhälsovård hade för lite kunskap om Asperger syndrom och ADHD för att kunna hjälpa de två barnen till att få godkända betyg i grundskolan. Det framkom också att betygssystemet inte möjliggjorde att betyg kunde sättas i alla ämnen. Av intervjuerna framkommer det att intervjupersonerna hade god teoretisk kunskap och god förståelse för hur de skulle kunna arbeta med barn med Asperger syndrom och ADHD, men att de inte hade tillräckliga praktiska kunskaper eller ekonomiska resurser för att göra det. De hade heller inte något samarbete med föräldrarna