Ownership and Property Rights Issues in Watershed Resource Management

Well-defined property rights recognize the ownership of material and abstract things. The low enforcement of property rights for a certain resource may lead to its abuse. Hence, its application on watershed needs to be understood. This paper attempts to show the dualistic system of considering property rights and its implication to policy research.natural resources and environment, property rights, watershed

Ownership and Property Rights Issues in Watershed Resource Management

Well-defined property rights recognize the ownership of material and abstract things. The low enforcement of property rights for a certain resource may lead to its abuse. Hence, its application on watershed needs to be understood. This paper attempts to show the dualistic system of considering property rights and its implication to policy research.natural resources and environment, property rights, watershed

The Philippine Health Institutions: Some Problems, Approaches and Policy Issues

This paper presents a brief analysis of the current situation of Philippine health institutions using secondary data. It locates the different types of health institutions, describes its major problems, discusses recent approaches these institutions have adopted to improve delivery of health care services and extricates policy-related issues and data gaps from available literature.health sector, hospitals, hospital care, health centers

Health Consequences of Rural Women’s Productive Role in Agriculture in the Philippines and Other Developing Countries

Agriculture is central to developing countries like the Philippines and rural women contribute a substantial share of the labor that goes into this sector as food producers or agricultural workers. In the wake of numerous studies conducted worldwide about women since the United Nations’ Decade for Women (1976-1984), data appear sparse on the relationship between women’s work and women’s health in the agricultural setting to enable policy makers and program implementors to adequately address their health needs. Thus this study aimed to determine the nature of available information in the gender literature to enable us to understand the link between women’s productive farm work and their health status, and to elicit major implications for research to aid policy and program. The method used was a review and analysis of pertinent data in the research literature on agricultural women covering over two decades. Findings from the study reiterate the crucial role held by these women throughout the developing world in securing food for their families and communities, but then this role is not performed without adverse consequences to their health. The major consequences include female reproductive health risks owing particularly to women’s use and exposure to hazardous agrochemicals, farm-related accidents or physical injuries, ergonomic problems resulting from women’s use of tools or technology that are better suited to men, and nutritional deficiencies that are compounded by poverty and overwork. Other findings have surfaced two main research imperatives: the need for more updated and gender disaggregated national statistics on the status of agricultural women in developing societies, and the necessity for addressing various identified gaps in the women’s work-and-health paradigm

Water emergency in oasis of the Peruvian coast. The effects of the agro-export boom in the Ica Valley

International audienceDans cette communication, nous analysons l'effet du boom de l'agro-exportation dans l'écosystème aride de la vallée d'Ica au Pérou, y compris les effets environnementaux sur son aquifère et la montée d'un nouveau type de conflits sociaux et environnementaux qui révèlent les différents intérêts économiques et sociaux dans le bassin de l'Ica. Fin 2010, la vallée a été déclarée en état d'urgence hydrique à cause de la surexploitation de son aquifère. Paradoxe, dans une région qui avait vécu un miracle de l'agro-exportation, avec les asperges. Nous analysons des éléments conceptuels pour montrer les effets de l'eau souterraine par rapport à la possession de la terre, la relation entre le secteur agro-exportateur et les chaînes commerciales internationales et l'absence d'une législation réglementant l'utilisation de l'eau souterraine et ses conséquences pour une gestion intégrale des sources d'eau

Evaluación del impacto de los pilares de la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria y nutricional SSAN en las familias de la comunidad la pavana, municipio de Somotillo-2014

El estudio identico la situación de  Seguridad Alimentaria (Bioeconomía Biológica); disponibilidad, acceso, consumo y aprovechamiento biológico de los alimentos de las familias rurales de la comunidad La Pavana del municipio de Somotillo. Se realizaron la aplicación de entrevistas y 90 encuestas semi-estructuradas. Los resultados evidencian que el 21% de las familias cuentan con terreno propio para la producción de cultivos las familias no disponen de variedad de alimentos todo el año, no hay una diversidad productiva. El patrón alimentario está conformado por 21 alimentos para el departamento de Chinandega, solo 9 alimentos son consumidos en la dieta de las familias: Café, azúcar, sal, aceite, pollo, tortilla de maíz, frijol, arroz y huevos. El tiempo de comida de acuerdo a sus ingresos económicos y debido a que estos son bajos el 13% realizan un tiempo de comida, el 28%, dos tiempos y un 59% consume sus alimentos tres veces al día. El 41% de las familias se encuentra en insuficiencia critica del consumo de alimentos, el 51% es insuficiente debido al bajo consumo de frutas y verduras demostrando un deterioro en el estado de salud y nutricional incidiendo en la utilización biológica de los alimentos, evidenciando un 3% de desnutrición de niños en la comunidad, influye en la presencia de enfermedades respiratorias y diarreicas con un 26% y 32%. Los ingresos familiares el promedio fue de 2.60 dólares por día, logrando cubrir un 17.27% del costo de la canasta básica urbana y un 21.59% de la canasta rural

Innovation and gendered negotiations: Insights from six small-scale fishing communities

There has so far been limited investigation into gender in relation to innovation in fisheries. Therefore, this study investigates how gender relations shape the capacity and motivation of different individuals in fishing communities to innovate. We compare six fishing communities in Cambodia, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands. Our findings suggest that gendered negotiations mediate the capacity to innovate but that wider structural constraints are important constraints for both men and women. Our findings show that men's and women's capacity to innovate is strongly mediated by the behaviour of their marriage partner. Consequently, we argue that gender research from a social relational perspective has an important contribution to make in understanding poor fishing communities where new ways of doing things or new technologies are being promoted

Health consequences of rural women\u27s productive role in agriculture in the Philippines and other developing countries

Agriculture is central to developing countries like the Philippines and rural women contribute a substantial share of the labor that goes into this sector as food producers or agricultural workers. In the wake of numerous studies conducted worldwide about women since the United Nations\u27 Decade for Women (1976-1984), data appear sparse on the relationship between women\u27s work and women\u27s health in the agricultural setting to enable policy makers and program implementors to adequately address their health needs. Thus this study aimed to determine the nature of available information in the gender literature to enable us to understand the link between women\u27s productive farm work and their health status, and to elicit major implications for research to aid policy and program. The method used was a review and analysis of pertinent data in the research literature on agricultural women covering over two decades. Findings from the study reiterate the crucial role held by these women throughout the developing world in securing food for their families and communities, but then this role is not performed without adverse consequences to their health. The major consequences include female reproductive health risks owing particularly to women\u27s use and exposure to hazardous agrochemicals, farm-related accidents or physical injuries, ergonomic problems resulting from women\u27s use of tools or technology that are better suited to men, and nutritional deficiencies that are compounded by poverty and overwork. Other findings have surfaced two main research imperatives: the need for more updated and gender disaggregated national statistics on the status of agricultural women in developing societies, and the necessity for addressing various identified gaps in the women\u27s work-and-health paradigm

Purification and biochemical characterization of tellurite-reducing activities from Thermus thermophilus HB8.

Cell-free extracts of Thermus thermophilus HB8 catalyze the in vitro, NADH-dependent reduction of potassium tellurite (K2TeO3). Three different protein fractions with tellurite-reducing activities were identified. Two exhibited high molecular weight and were composed of at least two different polypeptides. The protein in the third fraction was purified to homogeneity and had a single polypeptide chain of 53 to 54 kilodaltons, with an isoelectric point of 8.1. Each enzyme was thermostable, the temperature optimum was 75 degrees C, and 30 mM NaCl, 1.5 M urea, or 0.004% sodium dodecyl sulfate caused 50% inhibition of the enzymes. However, 2% Triton X-100 did not have an inhibitory effect. The enzymes were also able to catalyze the reduction of sodium selenite and sodium sulfite in vitro. NADH was replaceable by NADPH. Divalent cations, such as Ca2+ and Ba2+, had no effect on the activity, while similar concentrations of Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ abolished the activity. This reductase activit