Brand Hatred: a Literature Review and Research Agenda

Purpose: The objective of this paper was to study the past research in the field of brand hatred and propose a research agenda for the future.   Theoretical framework: Theories and research on brand hatred been studied. Duplex theory of hate, brand hate as multidimensional construct, determinants of brand hate, self-congruity theory been studied. Brand hatred due to negative past experience, self-image been studied and there is much to investigate and learn.   Design/methodology/approach: Literature review is the foundation of research development and extending depth of knowledge Webster and Watson (2002).We began by looking for research articles that contribute critical knowledge and concepts in brand hatred.  We have focused on what, where, why, and How to have a better review (Callahan, 2014).   Findings:  Brand managers must be proactive to reduce the brand hatred and retain the customer. Brand hatred happens due to several reasons and brands may lose customers and its business if it does not take action against brand hatred. Future research should be done into how to convert brand hatred into brand love.   Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research agenda and highlight the areas and points that should be taken care for the mitigation of the brand hatred.   Originality/value: The results indicate that the brand hatred phenomenon is very critical for brands. Academicians are showing interest in brand hatred research and number of publication works are increasing in field of brand hatred

Relationship between social cause, environment conservation and environmental attitude, towards promoting green purchasing behavior

Irresponsible and imprudent usage of natural resources has presented a significant threat to the environment and its resources, contaminating them, and impeding their development. To mitigate this effect, responsible policies and practices must be adopted and implemented. One of the most successful strategies is to reduce our reliance on conventional items and replace them with green alternatives. However, insufficient information and expertise among consumers hamper their efforts to promote green products. Thus, it is critical to understand the factors influencing consumers' behavior and intentions toward green products to increase their acceptance. The purpose of the study is to learn more about how caring about the environment, having a desire to make a positive impact, and having a positive attitude towards the environment can help encourage people to buy eco-friendly products. 549 responses were collected using Google form from India, China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the forming assumptions. It was found that the study supports the hypotheses and the constructs of social issues, environmental conservation, and mindset, are significantly associated with the green buying behavior of the consumers. Additionally, it was found that environmental attitude should be further integrated to reinforce these relationships

Small molecule antagonists of cell-surface heparan sulfate and heparin–protein interactions

Surfen, bis-2-methyl-4-amino-quinolyl-6-carbamide, was previously reported as a small molecule antagonist of heparan sulfate (HS), a key cell-surface glycosaminoglycan found on all mammalian cells. To generate structure–activity relationships, a series of rationally designed surfen analogs was synthesized, where its dimeric structure, exocyclic amines, and urea linker region were modified to probe the role of each moiety in recognizing HS. An in vitro assay monitoring inhibition of fibroblast growth factor 2 binding to wild-type CHO cells was utilized to quantify interactions with cell surface HS. The dimeric molecular structure of surfen and its aminoquinoline ring systems was essential for its interaction with HS, and certain dimeric analogs displayed higher inhibitory potency than surfen and were also shown to block downstream FGF signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. These molecules were also able to antagonize other HS–protein interactions including the binding of soluble RAGE to HS. Importantly, selected molecules were shown to neutralize heparin and other heparinoids, including the synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux, in a factor Xa chromogenic assay and in vivo in mice. These results suggest that small molecule antagonists of heparan sulfate and heparin can be of therapeutic potential for the treatment of disorders involving glycosaminoglycan–protein interactions