1,241 research outputs found
Quantum phase transitions in three-leg spin tubes
We investigate the properties of a three-leg quantum spin tube using several
techniques such as the density matrix renormalization group method, strong
coupling approaches and the non linear sigma model. For integer spins S, the
model proves to exhibit a particularly rich phase diagram consisting of an
ensemble of 2S phase transitions. They can be accurately identified by the
behavior of a non local string order parameter associated to the breaking of a
hidden symmetry in the Hamiltonian. The nature of these transitions are further
elucidated within the different approaches. We carry a detailed DMRG analysis
in the specific cases S = 1. The numerical data confirm the existence of two
Haldane phases with broken hidden symmetry separated by a trivial singlet
state. The study of the gap and of the von Neumann entropy suggest a first
order phase transition but at the close proximity of a tricritical point
separating a gapless and a first order transition line in the phase diagram of
the quantum spin tube.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figure
Results of a self-triggered prototype system for radio-detection of extensive air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory
We describe the experimental setup and the results of RAuger, a small
radio-antenna array, consisting of three fully autonomous and self-triggered
radio-detection stations, installed close to the center of the Surface Detector
(SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. The setup has been designed
for the detection of the electric field strength of air showers initiated by
ultra-high energy cosmic rays, without using an auxiliary trigger from another
detection system. Installed in December 2006, RAuger was terminated in May 2010
after 65 registered coincidences with the SD. The sky map in local angular
coordinates (i.e., zenith and azimuth angles) of these events reveals a strong
azimuthal asymmetry which is in agreement with a mechanism dominated by a
geomagnetic emission process. The correlation between the electric field and
the energy of the primary cosmic ray is presented for the first time, in an
energy range covering two orders of magnitude between 0.1 EeV and 10 EeV. It is
demonstrated that this setup is relatively more sensitive to inclined showers,
with respect to the SD. In addition to these results, which underline the
potential of the radio-detection technique, important information about the
general behavior of self-triggering radio-detection systems has been obtained.
In particular, we will discuss radio self-triggering under varying local
electric-field conditions.Comment: accepted for publication in JINS
The effect of multiple paternity on genetic diversity during and after colonisation
In metapopulations, genetic variation of local populations is influenced by
the genetic content of the founders, and of migrants following establishment.
We analyse the effect of multiple paternity on genetic diversity using a model
in which the highly promiscuous marine snail Littorina saxatilis expands from a
mainland to colonise initially empty islands of an archipelago. Migrant females
carry a large number of eggs fertilised by 1 - 10 mates. We quantify the
genetic diversity of the population in terms of its heterozygosity: initially
during the transient colonisation process, and at long times when the
population has reached an equilibrium state with migration. During
colonisation, multiple paternity increases the heterozygosity by 10 - 300 % in
comparison with the case of single paternity. The equilibrium state, by
contrast, is less strongly affected: multiple paternity gives rise to 10 - 50 %
higher heterozygosity compared with single paternity. Further we find that far
from the mainland, new mutations spreading from the mainland cause bursts of
high genetic diversity separated by long periods of low diversity. This effect
is boosted by multiple paternity. We conclude that multiple paternity
facilitates colonisation and maintenance of small populations, whether or not
this is the main cause for the evolution of extreme promiscuity in Littorina
saxatilis.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, electronic supplementary materia
Recommended from our members
Pre-clinical development of a lentiviral vector expressing the anti-sickling beta AS3 globin for gene therapy for sickle-cell disease
A hierarchy of models related to nanoflows and surface diffusion
In last years a great interest was brought to molecular transport problems at
nanoscales, such as surface diffusion or molecular flows in nano or
sub-nano-channels. In a series of papers V. D. Borman, S. Y. Krylov, A. V.
Prosyanov and J. J. M. Beenakker proposed to use kinetic theory in order to
analyze the mechanisms that determine mobility of molecules in nanoscale
channels. This approach proved to be remarkably useful to give new insight on
these issues, such as density dependence of the diffusion coefficient. In this
paper we revisit these works to derive the kinetic and diffusion models
introduced by V. D. Borman, S. Y. Krylov, A. V. Prosyanov and J. J. M.
Beenakker by using classical tools of kinetic theory such as scaling and
systematic asymptotic analysis. Some results are extended to less restrictive
hypothesis
Adaptations of a native Subantarctic flightless fly to dehydration stress: more plastic than we thought? ( Short Communication)
Water conservation is a critical aspect affecting the survival, distribution and abundance of terrestrial arthropods. In this study we investigate mechanisms of dehydration tolerance of the native, flightless fly, Calycopteryx moseleyi, inhabiting contrasting environments at two localities in the Kerguelen Islands. We compare the survival abilities and management of body water content of adult flies from two different ecophenotypes when exposed to conditions of low relative humidity. Our results suggest a broad plasticity in the responses of C. moseleyi to desiccation, showing distinct local adaptations to environmental conditions
3-D image-based numerical computations of snow permeability: links to specific surface area, density, and microstructural anisotropy
We used three-dimensional (3-D) images of snow microstructure to carry out numerical estimations of the full tensor of the intrinsic permeability of snow (<b>K</b>). This study was performed on 35 snow samples, spanning a wide range of seasonal snow types. For several snow samples, a significant anisotropy of permeability was detected and is consistent with that observed for the effective thermal conductivity obtained from the same samples. The anisotropy coefficient, defined as the ratio of the vertical over the horizontal components of <b>K</b>, ranges from 0.74 for a sample of decomposing precipitation particles collected in the field to 1.66 for a depth hoar specimen. Because the permeability is related to a characteristic length, we introduced a dimensionless tensor <b>K</b>*=<b>K</b>/<i>r</i><sub>es</sub><sup>2</sup>, where the equivalent sphere radius of ice grains (<i>r</i><sub>es</sub>) is computed from the specific surface area of snow (SSA) and the ice density (&rho;<sub>i</sub>) as follows: <i>r</i><sub>es</sub>=3/(SSA&times;&rho;<sub>i</sub>. We define <i>K</i> and <i>K</i>* as the average of the diagonal components of <b>K</b> and <b>K</b>*, respectively. The 35 values of <i>K</i>* were fitted to snow density (&rho;<sub>s</sub>) and provide the following regression: <i>K</i> = (3.0 &pm; 0.3) <i>r</i><sub>es</sub><sup>2</sup> exp((&minus;0.0130 &pm; 0.0003)&rho;<sub>s</sub>). We noted that the anisotropy of permeability does not affect significantly the proposed equation. This regression curve was applied to several independent datasets from the literature and compared to other existing regression curves or analytical models. The results show that it is probably the best currently available simple relationship linking the average value of permeability, <i>K</i>, to snow density and specific surface area
Determination of the Properties of Composite Materials Thanks to Digital Image Correlation Measurements
AbstractDesigning composite structures for civil aircrafts necessitates a better understanding of the damage and failure mechanisms occurring in these components through experimental test campaigns and associated numerical simulations. These experimental tests have been performed at Onera using different classical measurement techniques (LVDT sensor, strain gauges…) and digital image correlation (DIC). The additional information provided by DIC allows (i) to validate the boundary conditions of the tests, (ii) to cross-check the measurements with other techniques, (iii) to improve the understanding of the physical mechanisms and (iv) to validate the predictions of the finite element simulations
The Influence of Bounding Plates on Species Separation in a Vertical Thermogravitational Column
In this paper, an analytical and numerical analysis of the species separation in a binary mixture is performed. The main objective is to study the influence of the thickness and the nature of the bounding plates of the thermogravitational column (TGC) on species separation. The theory of Furry, Jones and Onsager is extended to the cases where bounding conducting walls enclose the TGC. The governing 2-dimensional equations are solved numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics software. A good agreement is found between the analytical and the numerical results. It is shown that the determination of the thermal diffusion coefficient, DT, from the measurement of the vertical mass fraction gradient of binary solutions, does not depend on the temperature difference imposed on the vertical column either on the outer walls of the cavity or on the inner walls in contact with the binary solutions. However, it is found that this result is no longer valid in the case of a binary gas. To our knowledge, in all earlier studies, dealing with the measurement of Soret coefficients in binary fluids, the nature and the thickness of the bounding walls were not considered
Las representaciones de los alumnos de secundaria sobre el universo
Numerosos estudios demostraron que los niños poseen modelos sobre el universo que se corresponden con las ideas históricas y en tal sentido aparecen dos modelos: el geocéntrico y el heliocéntrico. El propósito del presente trabajo ha sido conocer las representaciones sobre el Universo que presentan un grupo de estudiantes de primer año (12-13 años) de una escuela secundaria privada de la ciudad de Mar del Plata. Para la recogida de los datos se solicitó que realizaran un dibujo y que colocaran las referencias. La actividad se llevó a cabo durante las horas de clase de ciencias naturales demandando aproximadamente 30 minutos. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo predominante es el heliocéntrico seguido por el modelo acéntrico siendo el geocéntrico el de menor porcentaje. Al mismo tiempo, se detectaron una serie de errores conceptuales como una incorrecta ubicación de los planetas según distancia al Sol, la Luna esta por fuera del Sistema Solar, las estrellas tienen forma de "puntitos" o "asteriscos" y rodean los planetas del Sistema Solar, entre otras. El origen de las representaciones y de los errores conceptuales de los estudiantes podrían tener un doble origen: sensorial y escolar.Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturale
- …