257 research outputs found

    Combining Polynomial Chaos Expansions and the Random Variable Transformation Technique to Approximate the Density Function of Stochastic Problems, Including Some Epidemiological Models

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    [EN] In this paper, we deal with computational uncertainty quantification for stochastic models with one random input parameter. The goal of the paper is twofold: First, to approximate the set of probability density functions of the solution stochastic process, and second, to show the capability of our theoretical findings to deal with some important epidemiological models. The approximations are constructed in terms of a polynomial evaluated at the random input parameter, by means of generalized polynomial chaos expansions and the stochastic Galerkin projection technique. The probability density function of the aforementioned univariate polynomial is computed via the random variable transformation method, by taking into account the domains where the polynomial is strictly monotone. The algebraic/exponential convergence of the Galerkin projections gives rapid convergence of these density functions. The examples are based on fundamental epidemiological models formulated via linear and nonlinear differential and difference equations, where one of the input parameters is assumed to be a random variable.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad grant MTM2017-89664-P. The author Marc Jornet acknowledges the doctorate scholarship granted by Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Calatayud-Gregori, J.; Chen-Charpentier, BM.; Cortés, J.; Jornet-Sanz, M. (2019). Combining Polynomial Chaos Expansions and the Random Variable Transformation Technique to Approximate the Density Function of Stochastic Problems, Including Some Epidemiological Models. Symmetry (Basel). 11(1):1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11010043S128111Strand, J. . (1970). Random ordinary differential equations. Journal of Differential Equations, 7(3), 538-553. doi:10.1016/0022-0396(70)90100-2Bharucha-Reid, A. T. (1964). 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Uncertainty quantification for random parabolic equations with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions on a bounded domain via the approximation of the probability density function. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, 42(17), 5649-5667. doi:10.1002/mma.5333Cortés, J.-C., Navarro-Quiles, A., Romero, J.-V., & Roselló, M.-D. (2018). Solving second-order linear differential equations with random analytic coefficients about ordinary points: A full probabilistic solution by the first probability density function. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 331, 33-45. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2018.02.051Casabán, M.-C., Cortés, J.-C., Navarro-Quiles, A., Romero, J.-V., Roselló, M.-D., & Villanueva, R.-J. (2016). A comprehensive probabilistic solution of random SIS-type epidemiological models using the random variable transformation technique. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 32, 199-210. doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2015.08.009Kegan, B., & West, R. W. (2005). 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ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis, 46(2), 317-339. doi:10.1051/m2an/2011045Giraud, L., Langou, J., & Rozloznik, M. (2005). The loss of orthogonality in the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 50(7), 1069-1075. doi:10.1016/j.camwa.2005.08.009Marzouk, Y. M., Najm, H. N., & Rahn, L. A. (2007). Stochastic spectral methods for efficient Bayesian solution of inverse problems. Journal of Computational Physics, 224(2), 560-586. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2006.10.010Marzouk, Y., & Xiu, D. (2009). A Stochastic Collocation Approach to Bayesian Inference in Inverse Problems. Communications in Computational Physics, 6(4), 826-847. doi:10.4208/cicp.2009.v6.p826SCOTT, D. W. (1979). On optimal and data-based histograms. Biometrika, 66(3), 605-610. doi:10.1093/biomet/66.3.605National Spanish Health Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España, ENSE)http://pestadistico.inteligenciadegestion.msssi.es/publicoSNS/comun/ArbolNodos.asp

    Earthworm management in tropical agroecosystems

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    In agrosystem field experiments, earthworm inoculation did not impede depletion of soil organic stocks in most cases, in spite of increased carbon inputs through enhanced primary production. Slight evidence of soil organic matter (SOM) protection was found in poorly structured soil, such as a yam plot in Ivory Coast (soil sieved before experimentation), and a pasture plot on Martinique. Aggregation inherited from past earthworm activities probably maintains SOM protection after earthworms have disappeared ; longer term experiments are necessary to observe C dynamics after the disappearance of inherited earthworm structures. In two experiments with maize in Ivory Coast and Peru, the activity of earthworms led to a small increase in the incorporation of organic matter from surface mulch in the SOM. Most of the C incorporated into the SOM originated from root material, and earthworm activities only slightly modified this pattern. Earthworm activity had significant effects on the distribution of C among particle size fractions. The general trend was a depletion of large (greater than 50 micrometers) particles and an accumulation of small (less than 2 micrometers) particles. Nutrient depletion in low-input cropping systems was not impeded by earthworm activities ; at Yurimaguas, some signs of a better conservation of K were noted after 3 years in the traditional rotation. (Résumé d'auteur

    Control of membrane barrier during bacterial type-III protein secretion

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    Type-III secretion systems (T3SSs) of the bacterial flagellum and the evolutionarily related injectisome are capable of translocating proteins with a remarkable speed of several thousand amino acids per second. Here, we investigate how T3SSs are able to transport proteins at such a high rate while preventing the leakage of small molecules. Our mutational and evolutionary analyses demonstrate that an ensemble of conserved methionine residues at the cytoplasmic side of the T3SS channel create a deformable gasket (M-gasket) around fast-moving substrates undergoing export. The unique physicochemical features of the M-gasket are crucial to preserve the membrane barrier, to accommodate local conformational changes during active secretion, and to maintain stability of the secretion pore in cooperation with a plug domain (R-plug) and a network of salt-bridges. The conservation of the M-gasket, R-plug, and salt-bridge network suggests a universal mechanism by which the membrane integrity is maintained during high-speed protein translocation in all T3SSs.Peer Reviewe

    Study of Tau-pair Production in Photon-Photon Collisions at LEP and Limits on the Anomalous Electromagnetic Moments of the Tau Lepton

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    Tau-pair production in the process e+e- -> e+e-tau+tau- was studied using data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP2 during the years 1997 - 2000. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 650 pb^{-1}. The values of the cross-section obtained are found to be in agreement with QED predictions. Limits on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau lepton are deduced.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.

    CP asymmetry in BϕKSB \to \phi K_S in a general two-Higgs-doublet model with fourth-generation quarks

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    We discuss the time-dependent CP asymmetry of decay BϕKSB \to \phi K_S in an extension of the Standard Model with both two Higgs doublets and additional fourth-generation quarks. We show that although the Standard Model with two-Higgs-doublet and the Standard model with fourth generation quarks alone are not likely to largely change the effective sin2β\sin 2 \beta from the decay of BϕKSB \to \phi K_S , the model with both additional Higgs doublet and fourth-generation quarks can easily account for the possible large negative value of sin2β\sin 2 \beta without conflicting with other experimental constraints. In this model, additional large CP violating effects may arise from the flavor changing Yukawa interactions between neutral Higgs bosons and the heavy fourth generation down type quark, which can modify the QCD penguin contributions. With the constraints obtained from bssˉsb \to s \bar{s} s processes such as BXsγB \to X_s \gamma and ΔmBs0\Delta m_{B_s^0}, this model can lead to the effective sin2β\sin 2 \beta to be as large as 0.4- 0.4 in the CP asymmetry of BϕKSB \to \phi K_S.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, references added, to appear in Eur.Phys.J.

    Energy dependence of Cronin momentum in saturation model for p+Ap+A and A+AA+A collisions

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    We calculate s\sqrt{s} dependence of Cronin momentum for p+Ap+A and A+AA+A collisions in saturation model. We show that this dependence is consistent with expectation from formula which was obtained using simple dimentional consideration. This can be used to test validity of saturation model (and distinguish among its variants) and measure xx dependence of saturation momentum from experimental data.Comment: LaTeX2e, 12 pages, 8 figure

    Search for composite and exotic fermions at LEP 2

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    A search for unstable heavy fermions with the DELPHI detector at LEP is reported. Sequential and non-canonical leptons, as well as excited leptons and quarks, are considered. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 48 pb^{-1} at an e^+e^- centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV and about 20 pb^{-1} equally shared between the centre-of-mass energies of 172 GeV and 161 GeV. The search for pair-produced new leptons establishes 95% confidence level mass limits in the region between 70 GeV/c^2 and 90 GeV/c^2, depending on the channel. The search for singly produced excited leptons and quarks establishes upper limits on the ratio of the coupling of the excited fermio

    Impact of lopinavir/ritonavir use on antiretroviral resistance in recent clinical practice

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    Objectives This observational study was requested by French health authorities to determine the impact of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra®) on antiretroviral resistance in clinical practice. Virological failures of lopinavir/ritonavir and their effects on the resistance to protease inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors were evaluated in protease inhibitor-experienced patients.Patients and methods Virological failure was defined as an HIV-1 plasma viral load >50 copies/mL after at least 3 months of lopinavir/ritonavir-containing antiretroviral therapy. For all patients, a resistance genotypic test was available at failure and before lopinavir/ritonavir treatment. Data from 72 patients with inclusion criteria were studied. Results The mean viral load at baseline was 4 log10 copies/mL (1.6–6.5). Mutations in the protease gene significantly selected between baseline and failure were L10V, K20R, L33F, M36I, I47V, I54V, A71V and I85V (P < 0.05). Patients who had more than seven protease inhibitor mutations at baseline showed a significantly increased risk of occurrence of protease inhibitor mutations. The proportion of viruses susceptible to atazanavir, fosamprenavir and darunavir decreased significantly between baseline and failure (P < 0.05). Among patients with a virus susceptible to atazanavir at day 0, 26% (n = 14) exhibited a virus resistant or possibly resistant at the time of failure. This proportion was 32% (n = 16) for fosamprenavir and 16% (n = 7) for darunavir. Conclusions A darunavir-based regimen appears to be a sequential option in the case of lopinavir/ritonavir failure. To compare and determine the best treatment sequencing, similar studies should be performed for darunavir/ritonavir and atazanavir/ritonavir

    Search for lightest neutralino and stau pair production in light gravitino scenarios with stau NLSP

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    Promptly decaying lightest neutralinos and long-lived staus are searched for in the context of light gravitino scenarios. It is assumed that the stau is the next to lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) and that the lightest neutralino is the next to NLSP (NNLSP). Data collected with the Delphi detector at centre-of-mass energies from 161 to 183 \GeV are analysed. No evidence of the production of these particles is found. Hence, lower mass limits for both kinds of particles are set at 95% C.L.. The mass of gaugino-like neutralinos is found to be greater than 71.5 GeV/c^2. In the search for long-lived stau, masses less than 70.0 to 77.5 \GeVcc are excluded for gravitino masses from 10 to 150 \eVcc . Combining this search with the searches for stable heavy leptons and Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model staus a lower limit of 68.5 \GeVcc may be set for the stau mas
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