Pourquoi choisir de travailler dans le secteur privé de l’ergothérapie? Réflexion sur les motivations des ergothérapeutes à opter pour la pratique privée et leurs implications éthiques

Le choix d’une profession, d’une spécialité au sein de cette profession ainsi que du secteur public ou privé de la pratique se base sur des valeurs et diverses autres considérations, lesquelles varient selon les personnes et leur contexte. Ce commentaire propose une réflexion sur les motivations qui poussent des ergothérapeutes à opter pour la pratique privée (à but lucratif) ainsi que sur leurs implications éthiques

The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023

The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (http://geneontology.org) is a comprehensive resource concerning the functions of genes and gene products (proteins and noncoding RNAs). GO annotations cover genes from organisms across the tree of life as well as viruses, though most gene function knowledge currently derives from experiments carried out in a relatively small number of model organisms. Here, we provide an updated overview of the GO knowledgebase, as well as the efforts of the broad, international consortium of scientists that develops, maintains, and updates the GO knowledgebase. The GO knowledgebase consists of three components: (1) the GO-a computational knowledge structure describing the functional characteristics of genes; (2) GO annotations-evidence-supported statements asserting that a specific gene product has a particular functional characteristic; and (3) GO Causal Activity Models (GO-CAMs)-mechanistic models of molecular "pathways" (GO biological processes) created by linking multiple GO annotations using defined relations. Each of these components is continually expanded, revised, and updated in response to newly published discoveries and receives extensive QA checks, reviews, and user feedback. For each of these components, we provide a description of the current contents, recent developments to keep the knowledgebase up to date with new discoveries, and guidance on how users can best make use of the data that we provide. We conclude with future directions for the project

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Common germline polymorphisms associated with breast cancer-specific survival

Abstract Introduction Previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer survival. These associations have not been widely replicated in further studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of previously reported SNPs with breast cancer-specific survival using data from a pooled analysis of eight breast cancer survival genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Methods A literature review was conducted of all previously published associations between common germline variants and three survival outcomes: breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival. All associations that reached the nominal significance level of P value <0.05 were included. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that had been previously reported as nominally associated with at least one survival outcome were evaluated in the pooled analysis of over 37,000 breast cancer cases for association with breast cancer-specific survival. Previous associations were evaluated using a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect. Results Fifty-six variants from 45 previous publications were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Fifty-four of these were evaluated in the full set of 37,954 breast cancer cases with 2,900 events and the two additional variants were evaluated in a reduced sample size of 30,000 samples in order to ensure independence from the previously published studies. Five variants reached nominal significance (P <0.05) in the pooled GWAS data compared to 2.8 expected under the null hypothesis. Seven additional variants were associated (P <0.05) with ER-positive disease. Conclusions Although no variants reached genome-wide significance (P <5 x 10−8), these results suggest that there is some evidence of association between candidate common germline variants and breast cancer prognosis. Larger studies from multinational collaborations are necessary to increase the power to detect associations, between common variants and prognosis, at more stringent significance levels

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article

Le leadership scolaire en milieu francophone minoritaire du Nouveau-Brunswick : quelques représentations de directions d’école

L’article s’intéresse au leadership exercé par des directions d’écoles francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick. Notre étude qualitative exploratoire tente de déterminer les styles pertinents de leadership chez les directions d’école en milieu francophone minoritaire pour répondre à la mission de l’école, c’est-à-dire la réussite scolaire et la réussite identitaire des élèves. Pour ce faire, nous avons donné la parole à dix directions qui travaillent dans des écoles francophones en milieu anglodominant. Un des résultats de la recherche révèle que plusieurs d’entre elles reconnaissent la nécessité d’accroître leurs connaissances leur permettant d’exercer un leadership différent capable de répondre aux attentes et aux besoins spécifiques du milieu.This article looks at the leadership exercised by Francophone school principals in New Brunswick. Our qualitative exploratory study attempts to identify the leadership styles principals need to use in minority Francophone communities to respond to the school’s mission of promoting students’ academic and identity success. To do so, we spoke to ten principals working in French-language schools in an Anglo-dominant environment. One of the research results reveals that many recognize the necessity of gaining more knowledge that would help them exercise leadership that meets the community’s specific needs and expectations.Este artículo se interesa al liderazgo que ejercen las direcciones escolares francófonas en Nuevo-Brunswick. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo exploratorio que busca determinar los estilos de liderazgo pertinentes entre las direcciones de escuela en medio francófono minoritario, con el fin de realizar la misión de la escuela, es decir el éxito escolar e identitario de los alumnos. Con dicho fin, hemos dado la palabra a diez direcciones que trabajan en escuelas francófonas en medio anglo-dominante. Uno de los resultados de la investigación muestra que varias direcciones reconocen la necesidad de incrementar los conocimientos que les permitan ejercer un liderazgo diferente capaz de responder a las expectativas y las necesidades del medio

Pourquoi choisir de travailler dans le secteur privé de l’ergothérapie? Réflexion sur les motivations des ergothérapeutes à opter pour la pratique privée et leurs implications éthiques

Le choix d’une profession, d’une spécialité au sein de cette profession ainsi que du secteur public ou privé de la pratique se base sur des valeurs et diverses autres considérations, lesquelles varient selon les personnes et leur contexte. Ce commentaire propose une réflexion sur les motivations qui poussent des ergothérapeutes à opter pour la pratique privée (à but lucratif) ainsi que sur leurs implications éthiques

The p75 neurotrophin receptor is localized to primary cilia in adult murine hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells

The densely ciliated granule cell layer of the adult murine hippocampal dentate gyrus is one of two sites of adult neurogenesis. The granule cells have already been proven to localize their SSTR3 (somatostatin receptor 3) receptors to their so-called primary cilia. Here we show for the first time that 70\ufffd90% of these cells in 7\ufffd18 months-old wild-type and 3xTg-AD (Alzheimer disease transgenic) mice also load p75NTR receptors into the structures containing SSTR3, i.e., their primary cilia. On the other hand, p75NTR\ufffds TrkA co-receptors were not localized to cilia but conventionally distributed throughout the cell surface. Significantly fewer cells (20\ufffd40%) in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and cerebral cortex have p75NTR containing cilia. While we don\ufffdt know what the impact of the cilial localization of p75NTR on dentate gyral adult neurogenesis and memory encoding might be, the cilia\ufffds amyloid \u3b2-activatable p75NTR receptors could be damaging or lethal to the hippocampal functioning of amyloid \u3b2\ufffdaccumulating Alzheimer brain.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye