Η κατασκευή της ιδεολογίας μέσα από τη σκανδιναβική black metal μουσική

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εστιάζει στο υποείδος της heavy metal μουσικής, black metal. Η συγκεκριμένη μουσική σκηνή έχει ταυτιστεί με τις σκανδιναβικές χώρες, είναι γνωστή για το αντιχριστιανικό της μήνυμα και την επιθυμία της να παραμείνει μια underground σκηνή. Προκειμένου να αναλύσω την ιδεολογία της σκανδιναβικής black metal σκηνής, παρουσίασα τη σχέση μεταξύ μουσικής και πολιτικής. Τα επόμενα κεφάλαια αφορούν την κουλτούρα της heavy και black metal, καθώς και την προβολή των κύριων χαρακτηριστικών της σκανδιναβικής κουλτούρας μέσω αναφορών σε γνωστούς καλλιτέχνες. Σύμφωνα με τη θεωρία, η heavy metal σκηνή είναι γνωστή για την αντίδρασή της στην κοινωνία και τη δημοφιλή κουλτούρα, ενώ στη black metal, το ίδιο μήνυμα τοποθετείται σε ένα πλαίσιο αντιχριστιανισμού, με εθνικές, μυθολογικές και ναζιστικές αναφορές. Η σκανδιναβική κουλτούρα έχει διαμορφωθεί σε πολύ μεγάλο βαθμό από τη μυθολογία των Βίκινγκς και την αισθητική της σκανδιναβικής φύσης, χαρακτηριστικά που είναι εμφανή και στο black metal. Μέσα από την μεθοδολογία της ανάλυσης κειμένου ανακάλυψα τα πολλαπλά νοήματα των στίχων. Η ανάλυση έδειξε, ότι η ιδεολογία της black metal είναι ένα σύνθετο κείμενο με στοιχεία μυθολογίας, φυσιολατρίας, σατανισμού και ναζισμού. Τα δύο πρώτα κύματα της σκηνής χρησιμοποίησαν τη μυθολογία και τον σατανισμό, ως σύμβολα για να δηλώσουν την αποστροφή τους προς τη σύγχρονη κοινωνία. Το τρίτο κύμα ανέπτυξε μια ξεκάθαρη νεοναζιστική πολιτική στάση.This thesis focuses on the subgenre of heavy metal music, black metal. This particular music scene has been identified with Scandinavian countries, it is known for its antiChristian message and its desire to remain an underground scene. In order to analyze the ideology of the Scandinavian black metal scene, I presented the relationship between music and politics. The next chapters concern the heavy and black metal culture, as well as the projection of the main characteristics of the Scandinavian culture through references to well-known artists. According to theory, the heavy metal scene is known for it’s reaction to society and popular culture, while in black metal, the same message is placed in a framework of anti-Christianity, with national, mythological and Nazi references. The Scandinavian culture has been formed through Viking mythology and aesthetics of nature, characteristics that are also evident in black metal. Through the textual analysis I discovered the multiple meanings of the lyrics. The analysis showed that the black metal ideology is a complex text with elements of mythology, naturalism, Satanism and Nazism. The two first waves of the scene used mythology and Satanism as symbols to declare their aversion to modern society. The third wave developed a clear neo- Nazi ideology

Digital Templating and Preoperative Deformity Analysis with Standard Imaging Software

Analysis of deformity and subsequent correction are the basis for many orthopaedic surgical procedures. In advanced cases of joint degeneration, arthroplasty may be the only available treatment option. Until recently, these analyses and preoperative surgical plans have been performed using standard radiographs, tracing paper, and/or plastic overlays. Numerous customized, commercially available, computer-based preoperative planning software programs have been introduced. The purposes of this study were to describe (1) the techniques used in deformity analysis and preoperative surgical planning using standard radiographs for joint arthroplasty and corrective osteotomies of the extremities, (2) the use of computed tomography (CT) scans to analyze rotational deformities in the presence and absence of joint prostheses and in planning corrective rotational osteotomies or revision joint replacement, and (3) the techniques for analyzing angular deformities of the spine. All these applications were performed with a widely available image analysis software

Mammary tuberculosis mimicking breast cancer: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The incidence of tuberculosis is rising worldwide and rare manifestations of the past are seen more often nowadays. Mammary tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity, often mimicking breast cancer or abscesses of benign or malignant origin. Clinical awareness is necessary during diagnostic work-up for establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present a case of breast tuberculosis diagnosed in a 73 year old woman at our institution. The patient presented with a palpable mass of the right breast with clinical, laboratory and mammographic findings indicative of breast carcinoma. The patient underwent lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Frozen section of the tumor and the sentinel node revealed "granulomatous inflammation", while gross examination confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous mastitis. The patient received anti-tuberculosis therapy for six months with no side effects or any further complications.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Breast tuberculosis is an obscure disease often mistaken for carcinoma or pyogenic abscess of the breast, especially if well-defined clinical features are absent. A high index of suspicion is required because the disease can usually be treated conservatively with current antituberculous modalities while surgical intervention is reserved for rare cases only.</p

Use of an amplatzer vascular plug in embolization of a pulmonary artery aneurysm in a case of hughes-stovin syndrome: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a rare condition characterized by peripheral deep venous thrombosis accompanied by single or multiple pulmonary arterial aneurysms. The limited number of cases has precluded controlled studies of the management of pulmonary artery aneurysms, which usually cause massive hemoptysis leading to death. This is the first report of a new endovascular treatment of a single large pulmonary arterial aneurysm.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>An 18-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our department with recurrent severe hemoptysis. His medical history included Hughes-Stovin syndrome diagnosed during a recent hospital admission. The patient was initially treated with corticosteroids. Because of his recurrent hemoptysis, we decided to embolize a 3.5 cm pulmonary arterial aneurysm using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug. The procedure was not complicated, and the patient's post-intervention course was uneventful. The patient has remained free from any complications of the embolization 36 months after the procedure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Percutaneous embolization of a single large pulmonary artery aneurysm with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug in a patient with Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a less invasive procedure that represents the best multidisciplinary approach in treating these patients.</p

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor-deficiency leads to degeneration of enteric neurons and altered brain dopamine neuronal function in mice

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is neuroprotective for nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and restores dopaminergic function in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). To understand the role of CDNF in mammals, we generated CDNF knockout mice (Cdnf(-/-)), which are viable, fertile, and have a normal life-span. Surprisingly, an age-dependent loss of enteric neurons occurs selectively in the submucosal but not in the myenteric plexus. This neuronal loss is a consequence not of increased apoptosis but of neurodegeneration and autophagy. Quantitatively, the neurodegeneration and autophagy found in the submucosal plexus in duodenum, ileum and colon of the Cdnf(-/-) mouse are much greater than in those of Cdnf(+/+) mice. The selective vulnerability of submucosal neurons to the absence of CDNF is reminiscent of the tendency of pathological abnormalities to occur in the submucosal plexus in biopsies of patients with PD. In contrast, the number of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and dopamine and its metabolite concentrations in the striatum are unaltered in Cdnf(-/-) mice; however, there is an age-dependent deficit in the function of the dopamine system in Cdnf(-/-) male mice analyzed. This is observed as D-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, aberrant dopamine transporter function, and as increased D-amphetamine-induced dopamine release demonstrating that dopaminergic axon terminal function in the striatum of the Cdnf(-/-) mouse brain is altered. The deficiencies of Cdnf(-/-) mice, therefore, are reminiscent of those seen in early stages of Parkinson's disease.Peer reviewe

Birthdating of myenteric neuron subtypes in the small intestine of the mouse

There are many different types of enteric neurons. Previous studies have identified the time at which some enteric neuron subtypes are born (exit the cell cycle) in the mouse, but the birthdates of some major enteric neuron subtypes are still incompletely characterized or unknown. We combined 5‐ethynynl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling with antibody markers that identify myenteric neuron subtypes to determine when neuron subtypes are born in the mouse small intestine. We found that different neurochemical classes of enteric neuron differed in their birthdates; serotonin neurons were born first with peak cell cycle exit at E11.5, followed by neurofilament‐M neurons, calcitonin gene‐related peptide neurons (peak cell cycle exit for both at embryonic day [E]12.5–E13.5), tyrosine hydroxylase neurons (E15.5), nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) neurons (E15.5), and calretinin neurons (postnatal day [P]0). The vast majority of myenteric neurons had exited the cell cycle by P10. We did not observe any EdU+/NOS1+ myenteric neurons in the small intestine of adult mice following EdU injection at E10.5 or E11.5, which was unexpected, as previous studies have shown that NOS1 neurons are present in E11.5 mice. Studies using the proliferation marker Ki67 revealed that very few NOS1 neurons in the E11.5 and E12.5 gut were proliferating. However, Cre‐lox‐based genetic fate‐mapping revealed a small subpopulation of myenteric neurons that appears to express NOS1 only transiently. Together, our results confirm a relationship between enteric neuron subtype and birthdate, and suggest that some enteric neurons exhibit neurochemical phenotypes during development that are different from their mature phenotype. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:514–527, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. To examine when different myenteric neuron subtypes in the mouse intestine are born, EDU labeling was combined with immunohistochemistry. Neuron subtypes were born at different, but overlapping times with serotonin interneurons first, then intrinsic sensory neurons, inhibitory motor neurons and excitatory motor neurons last, with peak birthdate around birth.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102151/1/cne23423.pd

Enteric neural crest-derived cells promote their migration by modifying their microenvironment through tenascin-C production

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is derived from vagal and sacral neural crest cells that migrate, proliferate, and differentiate into enteric neurons and glia within the gut wall. The mechanisms regulating enteric neural crest-derived cell (ENCC) migration are poorly characterized despite the importance of this process in gut formation and function. Characterization of genes involved in ENCC migration is essential to understanding ENS development and could provide targets for treatment of human ENS disorders. We identified the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC) as an important regulator of ENCC development. We find TNC dynamically expressed during avian gut development. It is absent from the cecal region just prior to ENCC arrival, but becomes strongly expressed around ENCCs as they enter the ceca and hindgut. In aganglionic hindguts, TNC expression is strong throughout the outer mesenchyme, but is absent from the submucosal region, supporting the presence of both ENCC-dependent and independent expression within the gut wall. Using rat-chick coelomic grafts, neural tube cultures, and gut explants, we show that ENCCs produce TNC and that this ECM protein promotes their migration. Interestingly, only vagal neural crest-derived ENCCs express TNC, whereas sacral neural crest-derived cells do not. These results demonstrate that vagal crest-derived ENCCs actively modify their microenvironment through TNC expression and thereby help to regulate their own migration