855 research outputs found
The Warriors Return
Title surrounded by elaborate designhttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/13649/thumbnail.jp
Weak antilocalization in high mobility Ga(x)In(1-x)As/InP two-dimensional electron gases with strong spin-orbit coupling
We have studied the spin-orbit interaction in a high mobility two-dimensional
electron gas in a GaInAs/InP heterostructure as a function of an applied gate
voltage as well as a function of temperature. Highly sensitive magnetotransport
measurements of weak antilocalization as well as measurements of Shubnikov--de
Haas oscillations were performed in a wide range of electron sheet
concentrations. In our samples the electron transport takes place in the strong
spin precession regime in the whole range of applied gate voltages, which is
characterized by the spin precession length being shorter than the elastic mean
free path. The magnitude of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling parameter was
determined by fitting the experimental curves by a simulated quantum
conductance correction according to a model proposed recently by Golub [Phys.
Rev. B 71, 235310 (2005)]. A comparison of the Rashba coupling parameter
extracted using this model with the values estimated from the analysis of the
beating pattern in the Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations showed a good agreement.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.
The sky distribution of 511 keV positron annihilation line emission as measured with INTEGRAL/SPI
The imaging spectrometer SPI on board ESA's INTEGRAL observatory provides us
with an unprecedented view of positron annihilation in our Galaxy. The first
sky maps in the 511 keV annihilation line and in the positronium continuum from
SPI showed a puzzling concentration of annihilation radiation in the Galactic
bulge region. By now, more than twice as many INTEGRAL observations are
available, offering new clues to the origin of Galactic positrons. We present
the current status of our analyses of this augmented data set. We now detect
significant emission from outside the Galactic bulge region. The 511 keV line
is clearly detected from the Galactic disk; in addition, there is a tantalizing
hint at possible halo-like emission. The available data do not yet permit to
discern whether the emission around the bulge region originates from a
halo-like component or from a disk component that is very extended in latitude.Comment: to be published in the proceedings of the 6th INTEGRAL Workshop "The
Obscured Universe" (3-7 July 2006, Moscow
Discrimination between the superconducting gap and the pseudo-gap in Bi2212 from intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy in magnetic field
Intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy in high magnetic field () is used for a
direct test of superconducting features in a quasiparticle density of states of
high- superconductors. We were able to distinguish with a great clarity
two co-existing gaps: (i) the superconducting gap, which closes as and , and (ii) the -axis pseudo-gap, which does not
change neither with , nor . Strikingly different magnetic field
dependencies, together with previously observed different temperature
dependencies of the two gaps ~\cite{Krasnov}, speak against the superconducting
origin of the pseudo-gap.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figure
Magnetotransport in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems with Spin-Orbit Interaction
We present magnetotransport calculations for homogeneous two-dimensional
electron systems including the Rashba spin-orbit interaction, which mixes the
spin-eigenstates and leads to a modified fan-chart with crossing Landau levels.
The quantum mechanical Kubo formula is evaluated by taking into account
spin-conserving scatterers in an extension of the self-consistent Born
approximation that considers the spin degree of freedom. The calculated
conductivity exhibits besides the well-known beating in the Shubnikov-de Haas
(SdH) oscillations a modulation which is due to a suppression of scattering
away from the crossing points of Landau levels and does not show up in the
density of states. This modulation, surviving even at elevated temperatures
when the SdH oscillations are damped out, could serve to identify spin-orbit
coupling in magnetotransport experiments. Our magnetotransport calculations are
extended also to lateral superlattices and predictions are made with respect to
1/B periodic oscillations in dependence on carrier density and strength of the
spin-orbit coupling.Comment: 8 pages including 8 figures; submitted to PR
Evidence for coexistence of the superconducting gap and the pseudo - gap in Bi-2212 from intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy
We present intrinsic tunneling spectroscopy measurements on small
BiSrCaCuO mesas. The tunnel conductance curves show both
sharp peaks at the superconducting gap voltage and broad humps representing the
-axis pseudo-gap. The superconducting gap vanishes at , while the
pseudo-gap exists both above and below . Our observation implies that the
superconducting and pseudo-gaps represent different coexisting phenomena.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Performance of a 229 Thorium solid-state nuclear clock
The 7.8 eV nuclear isomer transition in 229 Thorium has been suggested as an
etalon transition in a new type of optical frequency standard. Here we discuss
the construction of a "solid-state nuclear clock" from Thorium nuclei implanted
into single crystals transparent in the vacuum ultraviolet range. We
investigate crystal-induced line shifts and broadening effects for the specific
system of Calcium fluoride. At liquid Nitrogen temperatures, the clock
performance will be limited by decoherence due to magnetic coupling of the
Thorium nucleus to neighboring nuclear moments, ruling out the commonly used
Rabi or Ramsey interrogation schemes. We propose a clock stabilization based on
counting of flourescence photons and present optimized operation parameters.
Taking advantage of the high number of quantum oscillators under continuous
interrogation, a fractional instability level of 10^{-19} might be reached
within the solid-state approach.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figure
Results of a randomized, double-blind phase II clinical trial of NY-ESO-1 vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in participants with high-risk resected melanoma.
BACKGROUND: To compare the clinical efficacy of New York Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in a randomized, double-blind phase II study in participants with fully resected melanoma at high risk of recurrence. METHODS: Participants with resected stage IIc, IIIb, IIIc and IV melanoma expressing NY-ESO-1 were randomized to treatment with three doses of NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX or ISCOMATRIX adjuvant administered intramuscularly at 4-week intervals, followed by a further dose at 6 months. Primary endpoint was the proportion free of relapse at 18 months in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and two per-protocol populations. Secondary endpoints included relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), safety and NY-ESO-1 immunity. RESULTS: The ITT population comprised 110 participants, with 56 randomized to NY-ESO-1/ISCOMATRIX and 54 to ISCOMATRIX alone. No significant toxicities were observed. There were no differences between the study arms in relapses at 18 months or for median time to relapse; 139 vs 176 days (p=0.296), or relapse rate, 27 (48.2%) vs 26 (48.1%) (HR 0.913; 95% CI 0.402 to 2.231), respectively. RFS and OS were similar between the study arms. Vaccine recipients developed strong positive antibody responses to NY-ESO-1 (p≤0.0001) and NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ responses. Biopsies following relapse did not demonstrate differences in NY-ESO-1 expression between the study populations although an exploratory study demonstrated reduced (NY-ESO-1)+/Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I+ double-positive cells in biopsies from vaccine recipients performed on relapse in 19 participants. CONCLUSIONS: The vaccine was well tolerated, however, despite inducing antigen-specific immunity, it did not affect survival endpoints. Immune escape through the downregulation of NY-ESO-1 and/or HLA class I molecules on tumor may have contributed to relapse
From Nonspecific DNA–Protein Encounter Complexes to the Prediction of DNA–Protein Interactions
©2009 Gao, Skolnick. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000341DNA–protein interactions are involved in many essential biological activities. Because there is no simple mapping code between DNA base pairs and protein amino acids, the prediction of DNA–protein interactions is a challenging problem. Here, we present a novel computational approach for predicting DNA-binding protein residues and DNA–protein interaction modes without knowing its specific DNA target sequence. Given the structure of a DNA-binding protein, the method first generates an ensemble of complex structures obtained by rigid-body docking with a nonspecific canonical B-DNA. Representative models are subsequently selected through clustering and ranking by their DNA–protein interfacial energy. Analysis of these encounter complex models suggests that the recognition sites for specific DNA binding are usually favorable interaction sites for the nonspecific DNA probe and that nonspecific DNA–protein interaction modes exhibit some similarity to specific DNA–protein binding modes. Although the method requires as input the knowledge that the protein binds DNA, in benchmark tests, it achieves better performance in identifying DNA-binding sites than three previously established methods, which are based on sophisticated machine-learning techniques. We further apply our method to protein structures predicted through modeling and demonstrate that our method performs satisfactorily on protein models whose root-mean-square Ca deviation from native is up to 5 Å from their native structures. This study provides valuable structural insights into how a specific DNA-binding protein interacts with a nonspecific DNA sequence. The similarity between the specific DNA–protein interaction mode and nonspecific interaction modes may reflect an important sampling step in search of its specific DNA targets by a DNA-binding protein
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